I-Hercules (i-constellation). Njengoba ngaphambili ibizwa ngokuthi i-Hercules yezinkanyezi

Nsuku zonke, sibheke phezulu esibhakabhakeni, sinethuba lokubuka esinye sezidalwa ezinhle kakhulu zemvelo - emva kwezinkanyezi. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izinkanyezi zakhanga abantu. Uma sibheka lezi zibani zasezulwini, okhokho bethu bazama ukuchaza ukuthi bavelaphi futhi babheka okuthile emhlabeni. Umcabango wabo waxhuma iqoqo lezinkanyezi futhi wathola izinto ezihlukahlukene zasemhlabeni, izilwane namaqhawe. Ngakho kwakukhona amagama ezinkanyezi ezahlukene - i-Libra, i-Cassiopeia, i-Cancer, i-Leo nokunye okunye. Ngobusuku obusika ngoJunibe, sibheke phezulu, singabona ukuthi i-hero yekaHercules yasendulo yaxhomeka kanjani emadolweni. Le nkanyezi ayikwazi ukubonakala.

Indawo esibhakabhakeni

I-Hercules iyi-constellation engabonakala entwasahlobo nasehlobo. NgoJuni, itholakala cishe endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yendawo yasezulwini. Amaqoqo aseduze ezinkanyezi amaBhootes neLira. Ukufunda i-Hercules kulula kulokhu okuyingxenye - i-trapezium, eyakhiwa izinkanyezi ezine. Le ngxenye yesibalo ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-torso ye-hero enkulu. Bonke abakhileyo eNyakatho Nenkabazwe bangabona le nkanyezi , eningizimu ye-Southern hemisphere ibonakala kuphela. Le nhlanganisela yezibani zasezulwini ihlala endaweni enkulu kakhulu futhi iqukethe izinkanyezi ezingamakhulu amabili umuntu angayibona ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma iyiphi indlela. Esinye isici sikaHercules ukuthi iqukethe i-Sun. Ipepe yiyona iphuzu lapho i vectority vector yezinkanyezi zethu zasendlini iqondiswa khona.

Umlando wokutholakala

I-Hercules iyinhlangano yezinkanyezi emlandweni wayo obuyela emuva esikhathini esidala. Ekhulwini lesi-3 BC. E. Isazi sezinkanyezi sasendulo saseGrith u-Arat waqeda umsebenzi wakhe okuthiwa yi "Phenomena," lapho ekhuluma ngomuntu oveza isithombe somuntu ohluphekayo emadolweni. Ngakho-ke, i-Hercules yezinkanyezi yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Knee-bent. Igama elifanayo laboniswa kwikhathalogi yezindikimba zasezulwini zikaClaudius Ptolemy, owabizwa ngokuthi "i-Almagest". Kodwa emakhulwini amabili eminyaka ngaphambili, amaGreki ayesazi kakade ngalolu daba futhi wayibiza ngokuthi uHercules, kanye namaRoma - uHercules, indodana yodumo omkhulu uZeus nomfazi oshonile u-Alcmene.

Imvelaphi yenganekwane yegama

Izinganekwane zamaGrisi zisitshela ngeqhawe elikhulu likaHercules, owayengumdemoni. Lapho ehlala eMhlabeni, wenza izenzo eziningi ezinesibindi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhulula abantu nokubhubhisa izilo ezimbi ezisongela wonke umuntu. Indaba ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu mayelana nokuzijabulisa kwalesi hero iyindaba yezinto eziyi-12 ezisebenzayo. Usitshela ukuthi unina wesigqila uHercules, unkulunkulukazi omkhulu uHera, wayengamthandi kakhulu. Ngenxa yakhe, wenza isono esikhulu futhi kwadingeka amkhulule ngokukhonza no-Eurystheus. Wazama ukunikela imisebenzi kaHercules engenakwenzeka, futhi iqhawe elinodumo lonke ladlula futhi labusa. Ekupheleni kokuphila kukaHercules onkulunkulu banquma ukuthi ufanelwe ukuba omunye wabo. Ngakho esibhakabhakeni kwavela enye inkanyezi, okwamanje kuze kube namuhla.

Inkanyezi ekhanyayo

I-Hercules iyinhlangano yezinkanyezi inkanyezi ekhanyayo yiCorneforos, noma i-β Her. Ngesikalini sokukhanya kwe-stellar, sinenani le-2.8. Eqinisweni, lokhu akulona owodwa, kodwa izinkanyezi ezimbili ezixhunyiwe nge-gravitation. Igama layo kusuka ku-Ancient Greek lihunyushwe ngokuthi ngumthwali weqembu. Ukukhanya kwaleli nkanyezi kunamaphesenti angu-175 kunokukhanya kweSanga. Ibanga phakathi kweCorneforos noMhlaba yiminyaka engu- 148 elula. Esinye isibonakaliso se-beta kaHercules ukuthi sinomlingani obukayo. Ayibonakali iso lesintu futhi ukuhlaziywa okubukeka kahle kakhulu kusitshela ukuthi kukhona khona.

Inkanyezi enkulu

Inkanyezi eyaziwa kakhulu kunazo zonke ezinqenqemeni zikaHercules yiyona inkanyezi ye-UW Her. Itholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-torso okuthiwa i-Hercules noma i-Keystone. Esiseduze nayo yi-π Her. UW Its inkanyezi eguquguqukayo enenkathi ende yokushintshashintsha kokukhanya kwayo, okuyizinsuku eziyi-100. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingashintsha ukukhanya kwayo ngo-0.9 ubukhulu (8.6-9.5).

Alpha Hercules

I-Hercules iyinhlangano yezinkanyezi, ukukhanya okukhulu okuyi-Ras-Algeti, noma i-Her. Inamamitha amakhulu angu-3.1-3.9. Lo umehluko ubangelwa ukuthi unempahla yokushintsha ukukhanya kwawo esikhathini esiyizinsuku ezingu-90. Ngokukhanya, i-alpha isendaweni yesibili ngemuva kwe-Corneforos. Iphindwe kabili futhi iqukethe isibhakabhaka esibomvu futhi inkanyezi encane, ehlukaniswe futhi isigqila esimhlophe esimhlophe nesigqabi esimnyama. I-Ras-Algeti e-Arabhu isho ukuthi "inhloko ye-Knee", njengoba inhloko kaHercules. Ibanga ukusuka eSangeni kuya kule nkanyezi yiminyaka engu-380 elula.

Iparele likaHercules

Ku-Hercules kukhona iqoqo lezinkanyezi, elishaya ngobuhle balo. Kuyinto umhlobiso weNorthern Hemisphere yonke. Lona okuthiwa i-M13, noma i-Great Globular Cluster ye-Hercules. Itholakala ngo-1714 ngu-E. Halley. Kwakukhona entshonalanga yeCangstone, phakathi kwe-η and ζ Her. Ukuze ubone lesi simangaliso semvelo, noma iyiphi into, noma ngabe i-binoculars noma i-telescope encane, izokwenza, futhi uma unenhlanhla, uyayibona ngaphandle kwemishini nhlobo.

I-M13 inokuma kwebhola, ikhanya ngokungajwayelekile. Kusukela maphakathi kuya emaphethelweni, ukukhanya kweqoqo kancane kancane kuphelela. Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ungayibona ngokusizwa kwanoma yini, kodwa ngcono ikhwalithi yensimbi, okunye ongayicabangela. Iqukethe izinkanyezi eziyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu eziyizinkulungwane. Ibanga ukusuka ku-M13 kuya eMhlabeni liyiminyaka engu-25 yokukhanya. Ngokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kweqoqo, umuntu angabona isifunda okuthiwa i-Propeller, engenazo izinkanyezi. Ososayensi abakakaze bakwazi ukuthola ukuthi lolu lwakhiwo luvela kanjani, futhi imvelo yalo isalokhu ingatholakalanga.

Messier 92

Kuningi okumangazayo nokumangalisayo okufihliwe ku-Hercules yezinkanyezi. Izinkanyezi ezikuyo ziyamangalisa futhi zihlukile. Isibonelo, okwesibili, iqoqo le-globula eliyintandokazi elingaphansi kwe-M92, noma i-Messier 92. Uphayona lakhe ngu-E. Bode, owathola ngo-1777 ukunakwa. Kodwa ngo-1781, engazi ngokutholakala kokuqala, njengoba kwenzekile ngalezo zinsuku, yabuye yafunyanwa nguMesiya. Wabuye wafaka i-M92 ekhathalogu, futhi ibizwa ngegama lakhe. Ibanga kusuka eMhlabeni kuya ku-M92 yizinkulungwane ezingu-26 zokukhanya. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezizwakalayo, ingabonwa ngeso lengqondo. Ngosayizi kuncane kune-M13, kodwa leli qembu libuye libe umhlobiso weNyakatho Hemisphere neHercules.

Ukubanjelwa NGC 6229

Uma ubheka ukusuka ku-M92 esiqondisweni seNyakatho-West, ungakhubeka kwenye iqoqo lezinkanyezi NGC 6229, igama eliyisibini - iGCL 47. Lingabonwa nanoma ubani onenqubo elula. Ivula lesi sigaba se-globular sika-U. Herschel ngo-1787. Ukuphakama kwalo kwe- stellar okubonakalayo kuwu- 9.4 ubukhulu. Inguqulo yokuqala ye "I-New Common Catalog" inemininingwane kwi-NGC 6229.

I-Nebula ye-Turtle

I-"Turtle" ye-planet nebula, noma i- NGC 6210, ingxenyeni enyakatho-mpumalanga yeHercules. U-V. Ya. Struve wavula ngo-1825. Itholakala ekude kweminyaka eyi-6.5 eyikukhanya evela kithi. Ukuze ubuke ubuhle bale nto, udinga i-telescope. Ngengilazi yayo, umuntu uvula ubuhle obungavamile nombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngesilinganiso samagundane we-stellar "I-Turtle" inesibonakaliso esingu-8.8 ubukhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi le nebula iqukethe igesi elincane elincane, evamile ezintweni ezinjalo zasezulwini. Isikhungo se-NGC 6210 siyinkanyezi, futhi sakha.

Ngakho-ke, abantu basendulo bawazi ngokuqoqwa kwezinkanyezi emkhathini, futhi babevame ukubizwa ngokuthi njengamanje. Uma ubuza ukuthi i-Hercules ye - constellation ibizwa kanjani ngaphambilini , imibhalo ithole ukubonisa ukuthi igama lakhe langaphambili liyi-Knee-bent. Leli gama laphakanyiswa emehlweni omuntu ovamile, okwakuphakanyiselwa kulo lonke izwe. Ososayensi banamuhla bahlolisisa le nkanyezi yokuthakazelisa. Bafunda izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo, isibonelo, ukuthi inkanyezi enkulu kunqenqemeni likaHercules nguWW Her. Kodwa akuyona nje indaba yokubonga kuleli qembu, okwenza sisibheke ngokuphindaphindiwe ezindaweni eziphakeme zasezulwini.