Helianthus annuus: Izici kulinywe, incazelo kanye nohlobo

Ngokumangalisayo bheka insimu enhle nge ubhekilanga - izitshalo, efihlekile lapho zifana ilanga ngezithombe yezingane. Lesi simangaliso ophuzi okusagolide akuyona kuphela kakhulu ukubukeka kwaso, futhi iwusizo kakhulu.

Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngalokho kuyinto sunflower. Lonyaka noma zisetshenziswa isitshalo, izimo lapho likhula, yiziphi izinhlobo, izinhlobo, uzofunda ngokufunda ke.

Umlando zokukhiqiza amafutha sunflower waqala e-England ekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalombili. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ezihlukahlukene ezifuywa sunflower izinhlobo, elihlanganisa ukumelana nezilokazane nezifo ezihlukahlukene.

Uhlolojikelele

Helianthus annuus - lona umyalo obaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni oilseeds. Isabele futhi sibonga for isicelo amasu agronomic, kuyasiza kakhulu futhi livundile. Hhayi lutho e Heraldry sunflower imbali lifanekisela ukuchuma okuzala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokumangalisayo efana ilanga isitshalo ngo yimuphi sezulu obatholakala endaweni kubangela isimo egqamile futhi efudumele.

Sunflower Simila cishe yonke evundile ngokwenelisayo izindawo zolimo njengoba impahla eluhlaza ukwenziwa amafutha yemifino eliphezulu. Futhi sisetshenziswa njengoba nectariferous, kwezokwelapha kanye Ornamental isitshalo.

It kuvela ukuthi kukhona omunye engavamile ngaphezulu zazo - sunflower tuber. Kuthathwa isivuno zemifino.

incazelo

Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae) - isitshalo unesimiso esihle impande, ukuthuthukisa kuqhathaniswa ngokushesha enhlabathini kuze kufinyelele 140 cm (futhi ezimweni ezikhethekile - futhi kufika ku-5 amamitha) futhi ububanzi esiphezulu -. 120 cm isitshalo bok ekunqandeni okusezingeni eliphezulu (izindawo ukufinyelela futhi 4 amamitha), embozwe izinwele. amahlamvu amise okwenhliziyo Okusaqanda zinkulu, ne amathiphu ezicijile.

Inflorescence sunflower - ubhasikidi eziningi-akujabulela (amafomu uwoyela ububanzi 15-20 cm) nge disk kancane convex noma flat. izimbali elikhulu sise imiphetho - asexual, umhlanga, ophuzi kanye ngokuphelele amboze ayesisebenzisa medial - ngithanda abesilisa nabesifazane, ukuthi ijabulise, Ubukhulu kakhulu ezincane.

Futhi imbewu ezinkulu eziningi ziye avuthwa sunflower. Lonyaka herbaceous isitshalo has a achenes izithelo, ehlanganisa core negobolondo. imbewu Sunflower ibe isilinganiso 22-27% lamafutha, ngenkathi izinhlobo engcono - 46% noma ngaphezulu. Elinye iqoma, kuye ngohlobo nokunakekela imvelo sunflower, has 200 kuya ku 7000 achenes.

It Unazo izakhiwo kakhulu kwezokwelapha (astringent, antiphlogistic nokunye.), Helianthus annuus. Ifomula imbali: * I (5) T (5) A1.

Sunflower eRussia

Sunflower - isitshalo ejwayelekile asemaqeleni kanye ihlathi asemaqeleni esishintshashintshayo ngaphansi kwanoma iziphi izimo zezulu. Kulo lonke elaseRussia seyihlanganisa 70% azo zonke izitshalo emhlabeni. Lesi simila yilona main oilseed izitshalo esekhulile eRussia. Kusukela imbewu yayo, izwe ukhiqiza amafutha ezidliwayo kanye yezimboni.

Izinsalela ukucutshungulwa nayo elahlekile: bagasse elisetshenziswa ukulungiswa okuphakelayo nemfuyo; etholwe kusuka umanyolo umlotha umoba kanye nomanyolo; grade kudze kakhulu (3-4 m) ngongqimba olukhulu oluhlaza umusa njengoba isitshalo silage.

umlando namasiko

Lapho kwazalelwa khona plant endaweni aseningizimu eNyakatho Melika. ERussia Helianthus annuus ka kwethulwa ekhulwini le-18 kakade iNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ekuqaleni kwathiwa umusa njengoba esimila Ornamental, kodwa kamuva waqala ukusebenzisa imbewu sunflower njengoba uswidi, ngokuqondene okuyinto waqala ngaphezulu yakhe yakhulela izivande namahlathi.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukutshala ubhekilanga babe njengezithombo zomnqumo, in izitshalo ensimini lihlotshaniswa igama ongumlimi-serf Bokarev, kuqala ithuthukiswe 1835 amafutha kuwo.

Ikakhulukazi kabanzi kwezitshalo sunflower kwakusakazwa ekuqaleni kule Voronezh futhi Saratov, futhi kamuva wabonakala kwezinye izifunda Russian.

Helianthus annuus: ifomu ekuphileni

Ifomu sunflower yonyaka kutshalwa zihlukaniswe amaqembu 3:

• gryzovye kokuba achenes enkulu nge-nucleus encane, futhi ngenxa yalokho abe okuqukethwe uwoyela aphansi. I pericarp of ubhekilanga okungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi ungqimba armored, lesi sitshalo Nokho, uma kuqhathaniswa, zilinyazwa kalula sunflower inundu amacimbi;

• oilseeds kukhona achenes encane ungqimba armored ku pericarp;

• flaxes emelela amafomu zesikhashana phakathi oilseeds nezinhlobonhlobo gryzovymi.

ERussia, inzalo ngobukhulu zezimboni izinhlobonhlobo oilseed sunflower.

Mayelana sunflower izinhlobo

Helianthus annuus has ezihlukahlukene izinhlobo kutshalwa esikhathini sethu, nekuhambisana izidingo ukukhiqizwa ekhona.

Hlukanisa izinhlobo zakuqala-ukukhula of middle-futhi. Kukhona izinhlobo ukuthi kabanzi ukuhlobisa ingadi futhi epaki izindawo. Ngezansi ethulwa kafushane ezinye ezivamile isiko izinhlobonhlobo ubhekilanga.

Zakuqala-ukukhula izinhlobo

Sunflower Albatross kuphawuleka ekuqukethe kuqhathaniswa aphezulu kawoyela. Izinhlobonhlobo kuba nesomiso ukumelana, hhayi amenable ukuba isifo futhi umonakalo kusuka izinambuzane. Ngokuphelele aphendvule izindlela olubanzi kulinywe. Lokhu ezihlukahlukene ikhula 195 cm ubude.

Busuluk iqukethe uwoyela 54% e imbewu. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu nesomiso grade futhi isivuno uzinze ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu. Kudinga umquba efaka umquba kanye izinga ukulima. ukuphakama kwalo sifinyelela 168 cm.

Mid-grade

Izinhlobonhlobo iwuhlelo has inqwaba kwezitshalo. Okuqukethwe uwoyela kuwo - 55%. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu wakhula isitshalo, ukufinyelela 206 cm.

Favorit futhi zihlukaniswa okuqukethwe aphezulu kawoyela - 53%. grade okwehlukene amelana hydrolytic kwamazinyo amafutha, ngokuqondene lapho etholwe impahla eluhlaza linenani ongaphakeme acid. Sitshalo sikhula 200 cm ubude.

Master okusezingeni eliphezulu sesitshalo elikhiqizayo iqukethe 54 uwoyela% achenes. Kuyajabulisa-ke aphendvule ukwethulwa umquba ezifanele.

Konke lokhu izinhlobo vysokotolerantny ukuba Phomopsis amelana broomrape, leli bhu sunflower powdery zamanga isikhutha.

Nasi sunflower tuber (eJerusalema artichoke)

Lolu hlobo kwakhula njengoba ifolishi, lobuchwepheshe noma isiko zokuhlobisa. Lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle sezulu eningizimu ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuguga yakhe kwenzeka kuphela kusukela ngo-September kuya ku-November, kuncike ezihlukahlukene. EJerusalema artichoke yezilimo izimpahla ezingamathani angu-35 nezilimo eziyizigaxa ovuthiwe ehektheleni.

Kunenye isitshalo ezivezwa Ukunqamula - topinsolnechnik. Nezilimo eziyizigaxa okusaqanda esikhulu has a sunflower.

Ukutshala sunflower: Imibandela

Lesi sitshalo anxenxa nenhlabathi, okuyiqembu yinzuzo kuye chernozem kukhona loam, loamy, izinhlobonhlobo ocebile izakhi. Akulungele nenhlabathi sandy. kokumethemba Excellent for sunflower kukhona entwasahlobo ibhali, ebusika kakolweni, sommbila nobhontshisi. Nalapha endaweni eyodwa sunflower Kuhlwanyelwa kuka eminyakeni 7-9. Akubalulekile ukuba nihlwanyele endaweni onyakeni owedlule ezikhulayo impande izitshalo eJerusalema artichoke utshani zisetshenziswa, okungukuthi emva izitshalo izifo ezivamile.

Sunflower iyaphendula kahle umquba. Izinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu izitshalo wireworms, ibhungane-Krawczyk, shiponoska, sunflower barbel. Against izinambuzane nezifo (bola emhlophe nokugqwala) basebenzisa iindlela ezihlukileko: agronomic, zamakhemikhali lokukhanda.

ukuhlwanyelwa

Njengoba kutshalwa Helianthus annuus? Ezikhula imbewu ngqo endle - indlela eyinhloko. Kungaba itshalwe futhi pre-okulungiselelwe izithombo.

Isetshenziselwa imbewu izinhlobo ezikhishwe nge impela ukuhluma eliphezulu ayihlwanyele ezinye izimfanelo ezinhle. Imbewu ngokuvamile kufanele ulinganiswe, ngoba usayizi ofanayo futhi amahlumela ezinobungane ngokulinganayo, futhi kwandisa umkhiqizo.

Qiniseka ayihlwanyelayo sunflower ngemva Ukushisa zenhlabathi kufanele kwenziwe +10 ... +12 ° C, ngaphandle kwalokho kuyoba inciphe imbewu isivuno.

kuba ukwazi

Helianthus annuus Simila emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa sunflower - isitshalo kweqiniso Russian saziwa phesheya. Ingxenye ebalulekile izindawo zasemaphandleni zibe zinhle kukhona lezi zimbali ephuzi omnyama, esisogwini maphakathi imbewu.

Esikhathini German indaba ephathwayo epaki Europa-Park (yesibili yaseJalimane ngobukhulu futhi eYurophu ngokuya kwesibalo sabantu abavakashela) has a zone isiRashiya, lapho ubhekilanga zikhule. Futhi e Berlin, kwenye yezindawo yayo, ehlobo luhlala "Sunflower Maze": sunflower yasensimini izindlela eyinkimbinkimbi. E-Austria kukhona epaki ubhekilanga kulezi izitshalo, futhi ezihlukahlukene zezinhlanzi nezinhlobonhlobo.

isiphetho

Amasimu Enkulukazi embozwe zom ubhekilanga segolide, ubukeka olunothile, elikhanyayo futhi bejabule ngisho sezulu esibi. Labo abafisa ukuhlobisa infield zabo bese udala emkhathini efanayo elikhanyayo, ethokomele futhi bejabule ungasebenzisa amahle zokuhlobisa ubhekilanga yonyaka.

Sinenkosi izimbali Fluffy ngokumangalisayo aphuzi, okuyinto cishe imbewu ongabonakali. Ngisho grade kubo babe nice amagama soft: Bear, Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear. Ngempela, le mbali golden ibhola wekugcina, njenge-pompom noboya. Lezi ubhekilanga, uthela ukubukeka kunalokho umxhwele imbali imibhede ukuqhakaza eside.

Le mbali cute linesizotha nge amacembe eliqhakazile yellow kuletha ensimini ukukhanya okuningi, fresh futhi eziningi amandla elanga.