Fluoroquinolones: izidakamizwa, izimpawu, contraindications futhi side effects

Eminyakeni yamuva, abantu abangaphezu futhi ngokuvamile more ukwelapha ezihlukahlukene izifo isicelo zokwenziwa izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abaningi amagciwane ukuthuthukisa ukumelana imithi elwa namagciwane of zemvelo imvelaphi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezithelelanayo zenzeka nzima, futhi ngokushesha ngaso sonke isikhathi angakwazi ukuhlonza lezo ejenti causative. Ngakho-ke, ukwanda isidingo elwa namagciwane izidakamizwa ezibanzi-spectrum, obekungadala nezilwanyana ezincane Lesi sifo siphatha kakhulu. Elinye lamaqembu ephumelela kunazo zezidakamizwa izakhiwo zinjalo fluoroquinolones. Lezi ukwakhiwa akhiqizwa synthetically futhi eyaziwa kabanzi kusukela 80s kwekhulu lama-20. ukusetshenziswa Clinical kwala magciwane iye yafakazela ukuthi zingabantu kuphumelela ngaphezu iningi antibiotic ezaziwayo.

Uyini fluoroquinolone

Imithi elwa namagciwane - izidakamizwa ukuthi unomsebenzi elwa namagciwane futhi ngokuvamile umsuka zemvelo. Ngokusemthethweni, fluoroquinolones azisebenzi antibiotic. Lokhu zokwenziwa izidakamizwa ethathwe quinolones ngokungeza ama-athomu sasekhaya. Kuye inombolo yabo nilidle ezahlukene isikhathi kahle Washout.

Uma emzimbeni, amalungiselelo fluoroquinolones sezithunyelwa zonke izicubu ngokufaka ithambo ketshezi eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini ngokusebenzisa placenta futhi igazi ebuchosheni, kanye amaseli virus. Sinenkosi zabonakala zikwazi ukunqanda umsebenzi enzyme nezilwanyana ezincane main ngaphandle okuyinto evala DNA zamagama. Lesi senzo esiyingqayizivele siholela ekufeni amagciwane.

Njengoba lezi izidakamizwa ngokushesha yasakazwa kulo lonke umzimba, zingabantu ephumelela kakhudlwana kunamanye iningi lemithi elwa namagciwane.

Against iyiphi fluoroquinolones umsebenzi microbial

Lokhu ezibanzi-spectrum izidakamizwa. Basuke okukholakala ukuthi ngempumelelo ngokumelene amagciwane kakhulu Gram-HIV futhi Gram-negative, mycoplasma, chlamydia, isifo sofuba Mycobacterium, ezinye elula. Ukubhubhisa emathunjini, Pseudomonas futhi haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria, meningococci nabanye. Ezizwelayo kubo njengoba amabhaktheriya intracellular, okuyinto okunzima ukubhekana nezinye izidakamizwa.

Ezinkinobhweni kulezi izidakamizwa kuphela isikhunta ehlukene kanye virus nogcunsula.

Okuhle ngokusebenzisa le mithi

Izifo eziningi sina futhi okuxubile ingelapheka kuphela fluoroquinolones. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa le njongo ngaphambili, manje uya eba ayizwakali. A fluoroquinolones kuqhathaniswa nabo kalula ibekezelelwe, ngokushesha ugxile, nezinto ezincane eziphilayo ungakakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa yaleli qembu unezinye izinzuzo:

• ukubulala amagciwane, hhayi buthaka kubo;
• ifa spectrum ezibanzi yesenzo;
• ukungena zonke kwezitho nezicubu;
• ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa ukushaqeka ukonakala;
• Abakwazi kuhlangene namanye amanxusa elwa namagciwane;
• babe inkathi ende zizalela, bese kukhula kahle kwabo;
• kungakubangeli engemihle.

Isiphi isinyathelo babe fluoroquinolones

Imithi elwa namagciwane - izidakamizwa ezibangela eminingi engemihle. Ngisho kwamanje, nezilwanyana ezincane eziningi baye babe buthuntu lapho lezo zimali. Ngakho-ke fluoroquinolones abe okunye okukhulu kwamaphilisi ekwelapheni izifo ezithathelwanayo. Sinenkosi ikhono eliyingqayizivele ukumisa kabusha amagciwane amaseli, eziyoholela ekubhujisweni sako. Lokhu kungase kuchaze lesi kusebenta ephakeme ka fluoroquinolones. Izici ezikhethekile wezenzo zazo sihlanganisa bioavailability okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ziyakwazi amahora 2-3 ukungena wonke izicubu, izitho nasoketshezini zomzimba womuntu. Le mithi zihlobene ziqhamuka umchamo. Futhi kancane kakhulu kunalokho antibiotic, abangele imiphumela emibi.

izinkomba

Elwa fluoroquinolone kabanzi izifo atholakala ezibhedlela, izifo ezinzima ezithathelwanayo yaleli pheshana zokuphefumula kanye uhlelo genitourinary. Ngisho ezifana izifo ezimbi kakhulu njengokuphinga umbendeni, i-typhoid, salmonella, zingelashwa kalula. Abakwazi esikhundleni iningi lemithi elwa namagciwane. Fluoroquinolones ziyasebenza ekwelapheni izifo ezifana:

• chlamydia;
• isipatsholo;
• prostatitis samafayela;
• cystitis;
• pyelonephritis;
• typhoid;
• uhudo;
• salmonellosis;
• ukucinana kwemithambo yomoya emaphashini noma i-pneumonia,
• nesifo sofuba.

Yokusetshenziswa le mithi

Fluoroquinolones ngokuvamile etholakala ifomu tablet kwezokuphatha ngomlomo. Kodwa kukhona isixazululo, ujove esicutshini, kanye amaconsi amehlo nezindlebe. Ukuze uthole wayefisa nomphumela oqabulayo, zonke izincomo udokotela kumelwe ilandelwe umthamo izici bokusebenzisa imithi le. Tablets kudingeka siqiniseke ukuba baphuze amanzi. Kubalulekile ukuba balondoloze isikhawu edingekayo phakathi esenikwe ngemithamo ezimbili. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi uma umuthi uphuthelwe, kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa hhayi ngesikhathi esifanayo ne umthamo olandelayo.

Lapho ethola izidakamizwa fluoroquinolone kumele balandele iseluleko udokotela mayelana ziyahambisana neminye imithi, ngoba ezinye zazo kungaba kokubili ukunciphisa umphumela elwa namagciwane kanye amathuba okuba nemiphumela engemihle. It is hhayi Kunconywa ngesikhatsi ukwelashwa isikhathi eside ukuze adalulwe ukuqondisa elangeni.

imiyalelo Special ukuthola

Ngubani izindlela nephephile ka fluoroquinolones elwa namagciwane zibhekwa. Le mithi babelwa izigaba eziningi iziguli contraindicated nezinye elwa namagciwane. Kodwa namanje abanye ukulinganiselwa ukusetshenziswa kwabo lapho. Fluoroquinolones banqatshelwe kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Izingane size sifike eminyakeni emi-3, futhi kwabanye, isizukulwane esisha izidakamizwa - kuze kube iminyaka engu-2, kodwa lapho umuntu esemncane, bajwayele kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu;
• ngenkathi bekhulelwe nangenkathi bencelisa,
• isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi imithambo cerebral;
• kukhona hypersensitive ukuba izingxenye amalungiselelo.

Lapho ukwabela fluoroquinolones antitsidnymi kusho kanye ukusebenza kwabo incipha, ngakho-ke sidinga ikhefu amahora amaningana phakathi kwazo. Uma sisebenzisa lawo mathuluzi kanye methylxanthines noma ezinamazinyo ensimbi ngaphansi amalungiselelo, lo ubuthi anda quinolones.

Imiphumela engemihle

Kuzo zonke ejenti elwa namagciwane ibekezelelwe kalula kakhulu fluoroquinolones. le mithi kungaba ngezinye izikhathi kuphela abangela ezifana side effects:

• besisu ubuhlungu, isilungulela, wamathumbu iziyaluyalu;
• ikhanda, isiyezi;
• iziyaluyalu ubuthongo;
• Ukudlikizela, ukuzamazama imisipha;
• kwehle umbono noma ukulalelwa;
• tachycardia;
• kahle isibindi noma umsebenzi izinso;
• izifo fungal kwesikhumba futhi nolwelwesi lwamafinyila;
• ukuzwela anda UV ngemisebe.

Ukwahlukaniswa fluoroquinolones

Kukhona manje izizukulwane ezine izidakamizwa kuleli qembu. Baqala synthesize ku 60s, kodwa siyazi befika kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu. Ukunikeza 4 fluoroquinolones, kuncike esikhathini ukubukeka kahle.

• Isizukulwane sokuqala - kusho umsebenzi ongaphakeme ngokumelene amagciwane igramu-HIV. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa fluoroquinolones amalungiselelo equkethe acid oxolinic noma nalidixic.
• izidakamizwa lesibili isizukulwane abakhuthele ngokumelene amagciwane ebucayi ne-penicillin. Ziphinde ziphathe at nezilwanyana ezincane atypical. Ngokuvamile izifo ezinzima yaleli pheshana zokuphefumula kanye ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, lezi fluoroquinolones asetshenziswa. Izidakamizwa kuleli qembu zihlanganisa ezifana "Ciprofloxacin", "Ofloxacin", "lomefloxacin" nabanye.
• 3 isizukulwane fluoroquinolones futhi ngokuthi zokuphefumula, njengoba aphumelela ngendlela ekhethekile yokulwa nokutheleleka we yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi ipheshana zokuphefumula. Lokhu "sparfloxacin" futhi "Levofloxacin".
• 4 Isizukulwane izidakamizwa kuleli qembu lesiRotuma. Bahlale abakhuthele ngokumelene anaerobic izifo. Kuze kube manje, izidakamizwa eyodwa kuphela luvame - "moxifloxacin".

Amalungiselelo 1 no-2 isizukulwane fluoroquinolones

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala izidakamizwa kuleli qembu zingatholakala ku-yalolucwaningo 60 Ekhulwini lama-20. Okokuqala eziye zasetshenziselwa ukulwa zangasese ipheshana izifo kanye wamathumbu fluoroquinolones ezinjalo. Izidakamizwa, manje eselaziwa kuphela uhlu odokotela, ngoba cishe ayisetshenziswa, ube nekghono ongaphakeme. Lo muthi esekelwe nalidixic acid "bangamaNigro", "nevigramon". Le mithi-lokuqala isizukulwane ngokuthi quinolones. Tibangela eziningi side effects, namagciwane abaningi bangakhathaleli muntu kubo.

Kodwa ukutadisha le mithi abantu iye yaqhubeka, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-20 kwakukhona 2 isizukulwane fluoroquinolones. Bafika igama labo ngenxa isingeniso engqamuzaneni ama-athomu quinolone sasekhaya. Lokhu kunyuke ngempumelelo futhi yehlise engemihle. Ukuze yesibili fluoroquinolones isizukulwane yilezi:

• "Ciprofloxacin", eyaziwa ngaphansi amagama "Tsiprobay" noma "tsiprinol";
• "Norfloxacin" noma "nolitsin".
• "Ofloxacin", okuyinto angathengwa at igama "Ofloksin" noma "tarivid".
• "Pefloksatsina" noma "Abaktal".
• "Lomefloxacin" noma "maksakvin".

Ukwakhiwa 3 kanye 4 izizukulwane

Izifundo lezi imithi baqhubeka. Futhi manje fluoroquinolones yesimanje ezibhekwa ephumelela kunazo. Uhlu imikhiqizo 3 kanye 4 izizukulwane namanje ingenkulu kakhulu, njengoba okwamanje emtholampilo ihlolwe futhi evunyiwe ukusetshenziswa. Banezinhliziyo ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu futhi ikhono ngokushesha zingene zonke kwezitho nezicubu. Ngakho-ke, le mithi asetshenziswa kanzima izifo we zokuphefumula ipheshana, pheshana urinary, wokugaya ukudla pheshana, isikhumba, nezihlanganiso. Lezi zihlanganisa "Levofloxacin", eyaziwa ngokuthi "Tavanic". Kuyinto ngempumelelo ngisho ngoba impatho yalesisifo. Ukuze izidakamizwa wesine isizukulwane fluoroquinolones "moxifloxacin" libhekisela (noma "Aveloks"), okuyinto okungukuthi asebenzayo ngokumelene anaerobic amagciwane. Laba basizi entsha elingenalo bolshintva kwamaphutha nezinye izidakamizwa, okungcono ikubekezelele iziguli futhi kuphumelele kangcono.

Fluoroquinolones - kukhona phakathi izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu ekwelapheni izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo ezithathelwanayo. Kodwa ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngemva somuthi nokusetshenziswa kwawo sikadokotela.