Exposure - kungcono physics nje noma umlingo yokudala wobuciko?

Ngo izithombe kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuchayeka - yinqubo ngemisebe yokukhanya yesici ukukhanya-sensitive ikhamera. Njengoba kunjalo, ingaba njengesihluthulelo matrix (for izimoto zanamuhla) kanye ifilimu (ifilimu).

Indlela efanele yokufaka exposure kuthinta umthamo wokukhanya ewela element - futhi kuye kube izotholwa noma ukuthi umphumela. Kubalulekile ukuba overdo it ne ukuchayeka, ngoba ukukhanya kakhulu eyayiyoholela isithombe Kusobala, futhi incane kakhulu ngeke sivumele ukudweba into - umphumela kungaba zihamba ngaso sonke uzimele amnyama.

Inani ukukhanya ongene element inzwa, ubukhulu diaphragm kuthinta ngqo photosensitivity timphawu futhi bembonisa. Konke nakanjani kubonakale umphumela wokugcina kwenzeka lesi sigameko sokudubula.

Uyini ukuchayeka kanye Imbondela

Exposure Imbondela kunikeza umphumela ezithakazelisayo: phezu ifreyimu efanayo ngesikhathi isithombe izinto izithombe ngezikhathi ezehlukene. Le nqubo wayejwayelene kahle ifilimu izithombe ezindala-school, kodwa ngamakhamera lanamuhla digital, ukuqaphela kunzima kakhulu, futhi inhlanganisela yalokhu ukuchayeka kanye ezishibhile "Insipho" - umsebenzi ngokuphelele engenakwenzeka.

Yenza le ndlela kungaba namuhla ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene:

• usebenzisa ifilimu amakhamera;

• asesebenzisa ubuchwepheshe digital;

• ngokohlelo kukhompyutha.

amakhamera Digital

Bambalwa "Izibalo" yesimanje has a umsebenzi superposition ozimele ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Lezi amadivayisi zikuvumela ukudubula ikumodi "green", okusho othomathikhi ngokugcwele. Kulokhu, ungakwazi ngisho inkomba ebonisa lokho ukuchayeka. Kungenzeka futhi ukukwenza nokusetshenziswa "elihlakaniphile" isizukulwane yakamuva smartphone.

Kodwa ngisho ngosizo digital "SLR" kunalokho kuyabiza futhi ikakhulukazi "Insipho" le nqubo njengoba ukuchayeka kabili superposition ozimele ezimbili noma ngaphezulu koyedwa, akunakwenzeka ukuba afeze.

ifilimu amakhamera

Ukubeka umgwaqo kanye ukuchayeka phezu ifilimu kudinga photographer ulwazi oluthile, namakhono. I-oda izenzo Kulokhu simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• Kuyinto uzimele wokuqala nazo zonke izilungiselelo ezidingekayo - isivinini yokushutha, beso, nokunye;

• ke ifilimu ukudamba ncamashi kwepulanka linye emuva (lokhu akunakwenzeka zonke amakhamera);

• shot yesibili yenziwe enombono kuzo zonke izingxenye ifreyimu yesibili kwakhiwa ngokunembile imisuka. Lokhu kudinga iso olunembile futhi eziningi nakho kusukela photographer;

• iphuzu elibalulekile: ukuze ugweme ukuchayeka we ifilimu, udinga inombolo ifreyimu yesibili ka "underexpose", owanquma isivinini yesivalo kancane ezincane kuno ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile.

Ngokulandelayo, ifilimu iyakhiwa futhi inyatheliswe ngendlela ezivamile.

Njengoba kungaba futhi umane "otschelkat 'ifilimu wokuqala baliklasi lonkhe ukuhlolwa, bese umoya emuva ku ikhoyili abese adubule. Ngezinye izikhathi lapho kufika isibhamu ezithakazelisayo ngempela.

A nomphumela ofanayo kungabuye ufinyelelwe, uma ngesikhathi ukuphrinta afakwe umshini nje amafilimu amabili - enye Uhlaka ngesikhathi esifanayo uzobe esikhulu nezinye.

ngokohlelo

Ekugcineni, nonke okungenhla kungenziwa kukhompyutha yakho e eziningi abahleli isithombe. Ngokwesibonelo, e-"Photoshop" owaziwa. Futhi asikho ngisho badinga ukwazi ukuthi ukuchayeka - yilokhu lihlotshaniswa ukukhanya photocells.

Inqubo kuyoba kanje:

• kuvula ifayela kuqala;

• ubahudule udedele ebhokisini efanayo kuvula ifayela sesibili ofuna ukusebenzisa Imbondela;

• uma kunesidingo, ungashintsha ukuthi wawungakanani ifreyimu yesibili ukusebenzisa Ukujikeleza izimpawu ezikhethekile emaphethelweni wesibili ngomfanekiso ungqimba;

• ke kuwufanele ukudlala Imbondela imingcele kanye opacity ungqimba ngakwesokudla Layer Manager.

Akekho uveza ukuthi ubuciko isofthiwe "amathuluzi" ukuvumela ukufeza eliphezulu nezithombe yokudala, kodwa nobuchwepheshe bale photographer namanje kusasekuseni ukuqagula ukuthi ukubhala off. Ngezinye izikhathi ngempumelelo akhethiwe ozimele bese udala isipiliyoni omkhulu ngokudubula yobuciko yangempela.