Ethandwa kakhulu iseva wokusebenza

Iseva yesistimu yokusebenza njengoba kusobala igama, kuba ilingana esiyinhloko isixhumanisi phakathi isofthiwe emaphakathi noma firmware, hardware LAN noma WAN nengane iklayenti ezikhumulweni. Ukuqonda leli gama has a incazelo ebanzi, ngakho kuwufanele ukugqamisa ezinye izimpikiswano theory kanye nama-practical. Okungenani, udinga ukuthola injongo iseva kohlelo lokusebenzisa, kanye ezinye izici ukufakwa kwalo futhi ukusebenzisa in practice. Abasebenzisi abakholelwa ukuthi lolu daba uyalandisa kuphela akubona wesistimu abaphathi kufanele ngokushesha ukunikeza iseluleko kancane: ningatatazeli, futhi uzokwazi ukufaka futhi ulungiselele ngokwabo. Lezi zinqubo akuzona njengoba kuyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho ongase ukucabange efika kuqala. Kodwa kufanele siqale ngokucabangela ukuthi eminye imininingwane theory.

yesistimu yokusebenza leseva: kuyini?

Ake uqale nge yokuthi isofthiwe. Empeleni, ngokwabo ezisebenza lolu hlobo zisetshenziswa kuphela amanethiwekhi wendawo noma virtual uma kukhona noma iyiphi inombolo ethile yengane ezikhumulweni.

Uhlelo lokusebenza iseva ingafakwa ngezindlela ezimbili, kodwa ukusebenza it has eyodwa - ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile kunethiwekhi futhi ukusebenzelana terminals axhumene. Ngakho, sikhuluma amaqembu umsebenzisi ngokufinyelela amalungelo ethile yomculo, umthombo noma idokhumenti.

Izici kokwakhiwa wokusebenza iseva

Ngokuya ukufakwa, uhlelo lokusebenza iseva kufanele bacabangele uhlobo amakhompyutha ngokuhlanganisa wesifunda ku-kunethiwekhi eyodwa. Lona okuthiwa inethiwekhi yomphindwa.

Isikimu elikhulu lokhu kubhekwa "inkanyezi" namanye amagama ahlobene kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo. ingasetshenziswa Kukhona ubuchwepheshe thick futhi iklayenti mncane, uma ufaka uhlelo lokusebenza iseva zizokwenziwa kuphela kukhompyutha emaphakathi, esinikela zonke ukusebenza nezinye imishini kanye ne-software ahlobene uma ulanda OS ngenethiwekhi, noma kukhona ukufakwa olungaphelele ingane izingxenye yesistimu yokusebenza kwi ezikhumulweni inethiwekhi. Akuyona iphuzu.

Futhi okubaluleke injongo eyinhloko uhlelo lokusebenza Iseva ngokunembile ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala esiphezulu bonke imishini kunethiwekhi nesofthiwe ifakiwe, plus - usuphethe ngokuya abaphathi terminals zendawo inethiwekhi iyonke.

Ngisho nokusetshenziswa amageyimu yesimanje online kudinga OS ukufakwa kwi-server central. Abaningi bangase bangavumelani lesi sitatimende, uma ucabanga ukuthi ukugcina ikhaya angaya isayithi umdlalo futhi usebenzise zonke izici. Lena akuyona ngakho. Iqiniso ukuthi kukhompyutha ekhaya namanje exhunywe kwi-server umdlalo, futhi umthwalo e ukusetshenziswa Computing amandla kukhompyutha wendawo uhlezi phezu kwalo kancane kuphela (imisebenzi eyisisekelo namanje lifikile iseva central kanye iklayenti umdlalo kungenzeka kancane ukulayishwa emshinini, ne zazo umzamo ukufinyelela).

isilinganiso okunemibandela

Isilinganiso elandelayo iseva wokusebenza akufanele kubhekwe njengento engeyona olunembile ngokuphelele. Inkinga wukuthi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenzisa babé akusebenzi futhi asetshenziswa njalo kakhulu, abanye ziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze ulungisele ukusebenza. Ngokuvamile, baba baningana omkhulu ngemibandela ungakwazi ukushintsha kalula konke phambili uhlu

Nokho, kuzo zonke OS ekhona ethandwa kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:

• BSD Mahhala.
• Windows Server (i-windows Server umndeni of yokusebenza izinhlelo esekelwe NT, 2003, 2008-R2 2012 nangaphezulu).
• CentOS.
• Debian.
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
• Ubuntu Server.
• Gentoo.
• Fedora.
• OS X Server.
• OpebBSD.
• Solaris.
• HP-UX;.
• Aix (IBM).
• Netware (Inoveli).

Nakanjani ukuthi indawo nesibongo kungasethiwe, futhi sibonisa kuphela uhlu ethandwa kakhulu iseva izinhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zazo ozodingidwa version emfushane incazelo izici zazo, emihle nemibi.

khulula BSD

Lokhu OS Nokho uhlelo ethandwa kakhulu, Nokho ngendlela engenathemba ukuguga futhi ukulahlekelwa amazinga emhlabeni ngokuya ukusetshenziswa futhi umkhiqizo.

Inkinga eyinhloko itholakala lokuthi lolu uhlelo lokusebenza yasungulwa imikhiqizo ezimbalwa kakhulu isofthiwe ngesimo izicelo commercial ukuthi ukusebenza ngesisekelo platform yayo. Kodwa inzuzo undoubted ukuthi kungenzeka kahle silungisa ikhenela futhi ukutholakala amathuluzi anamandla ngokusebenzisana inkumbulo, ingasaphathwa uhlelo I / O.

CentOS

Kuyinto uhlelo lokusebenza Iseva analog pheze ephelele Red Hat, Nokho, seyithuthuke ngokuya ukwesekwa.

Inzuzo yayo wukuthi uhlelo unakho yini okwanele umphathi isivinini iphakethe, kanye cishe zonke usokhaya webhu control panel.

Debian

Lolu hlelo ingenye amagatsha Linux. Kuyinto lokhu yesistimu yokusebenza ziyasatshalalaiswa ngenxa yizinhlobonhlobo yabo.

Kukholakala ukuba esitebeleni kunazo zonke izinhlelo ezikhona futhi ukufakwa iphakethe kanye KDE futhi GNOME sihlanganisa LibreOffice ukusatshalaliswa ehhovisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi ukufakwa kwe-OS akadingi ukhathazeke kokufaka ezengeziwe alalelwayo video amakhodekhi futhi decoders, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje iphakethe.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Ukuthandwa zalesi simiso ngokusobala ayikwazi senqabe. Ingasetshenziselwa njengoba okunokwethenjelwa OS yezinkampani yonke imiphumela olandelayo.

Akumangalisi ukuthi ngisho iningi isitokwe Ukuhwebelana emhlabeni usebenzisa lesi simiso ethile lenhlangano kwezicelo zabo. Lapha ungakwazi futhi ingasaphathwa izikhungo zezimali kanye nezinkampani zokuxhumana kanye izithombe studios. I negative kuphela zonke pluses - sasivumela eziphezulu.

Ubuntu

Enye ukunambitheka kwe-Linux (noma izinhlelo kunalokho, Unix-like), okuyinto wamisa rankings.

Nokho, Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwalo ikakhulukazi avame elihlobene ne-computer ekhaya, kunenkolelo ukusetha iseva ekhaya (uma umsebenzisi kungagcini amathuba zezimali), kule OS kangcono. Empeleni, lo uhlelo efana Debian Nokho, ngokungafani kuya sikakhokho, kulesi simiso, ikhodi yomthombo ukuthi kancane kabusha.

Gentoo

Phambi kwethu kunethuba omunye ukuguqulwa Linux. Lokhu platform ethakazelisayo ukuthi senziwa okusekelwe evulekile ikhodi yomthombo usebenzisa ilayisensi GNU.

Nge ukuzinza msebenzi akunankinga. Kodwa lapha, njengoba kwaphawula u-ochwepheshe abaningi, uhlelo ukuphepha ehlupheka kancane. Ngisho nokusetshenziswa LIYISIBANI umsipha ohlelweni kutholwa izimbobo zokuphepha.

Solaris

Solaris, ubhekwa omunye wokusebenza enamandla kakhulu, iseva uhlobo ezake zenzelwe nhlobo.

Kodwa yini okufanele bayisho? Umuntu kumelwe amane ukubheka amakhono ayo. Lokhu OS izisekelo mayelana 576 GB yendawo ngokomzimba "RAM", mayelana 4 bhiliyoni lenethiwekhi, ikani isibambo ayisigidi kanyekanye ukugijima amasevisi izinqubo, kanye evulekile inethiwekhi imvelo. Futhi lokhu akuyona yonke ...

OpenBSD

Lolu hlelo, ngokusho kongoti kakhulu, iyona iphephe kakhulu. Mhlawumbe ijubane futhi akasiye njengoba eliphezulu eyomunye Linux nobe Unix izinguqulo, kodwa uma ufunda ukuyisebenzisa, ngeke babonakala kwabaningi isixazululo ezithakazelisa kakhulu, ngisho uma liqhathaniswa ethandwa kakhulu-Windows-izinhlelo.

Ukufakwa kancane olukhohlisayo ukusebenzisa nokusetha - kakhulu. Kodwa inqobo nje uma umsebenzisi okungenani ajwayelekile kancane nge izinhlelo zokusebenza zalolu hlobo, sebenzisa umugqa wemiyalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ikakhulukazi akufanele kube.

Windows Server (2008-R2)

Okokugcina, cabangela iseva kohlelo lokusebenzisa i-Windows. Okuxakayo ukuthi, naphezu ukuthandwa ideskithophu izinguqulo, lezi zixazululo asamukelanga sokusabalalisa ekhethekile emhlabeni. Inkinga kakhulu eziyisisekelo ukuthi izinhlelo iseva yokusebenza ye-Windows, NT ukulungiswa angabi nawo amandla adingekayo yokuvikela.

Futhi kuyaqapheleka yibo bonke ochwepheshe emkhakheni ukuphathwa izinhlelo zalolu hlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-server unqulo wesi arab ngoba yesistimu yokusebenza Windows 7 kumele afakwe nakanjani. Ngenxa yamuva hacker ukuhlaselwa, eyayibonakala okuhloswe ngokuyinhloko kuba kwikhompyutha esebenzisa inguqulo wesikhombisa we-Windows (ingasaphathwa esingakanani ukusetha tinhlobo letehlukene izibuyekezo okwakufanele kuvinjelwe izenzo igciwane), okufanayo esakhelwe inkonzo wasemuva (noma i-Microsoft Essentials) nemisebenzi yawo nje akakwazi ukubhekana.

Ukuqondiswa Windows iseva olusebenzisayo, yebo, ukuyilulaza okukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, akudingeki ukuba ube wazi konke umlawuli uhlelo unganiki IP, DNS ushintsho noma izilungiselelo proxy usungule uxhumano esibulalayo ingane ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi noma ukulayisha nge kokulandela isinyathelo ngokusebenzisa zomxhaso nekhasimende lakhe. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba ngisho uxhumano esakhelwe qala-up kwenethiwekhi, bese uzothola isaziso mayelana nenkinga noma iphutha, uma ikhona, ohlelweni lapho.

Zonke ezinye izimali ku zokuxazulula inkinga, isibonelo, kwi-server, ungasebenzisa console umyalo nge ukusula isilondolozi DNS, noma kabusha izilungiselelo ezivamile-IP ukumisa.

Ngokwesibonelo, imiyalo afakwe console lingase libukeke kanje:

• ipconfig / flushdns,
• ipconfig / registerdns,
• ipconfig / ukuvuselela,
• ipconfig / ukukhululwa.

Qaphela: umugqa wemiyalo nemiyalo yalolu hlobo kahle ngokulinganayo izinkinga kungenzeka kwi PC ingane lomsebenzisi kanye amaseva.

Uyini umphumela?

Okuphuma main kungenziwa kuphawulwe ukuthi, ngeshwa, Windows-system futhi iningi ngentuthuko owadalwa Microsoft njengoba kuqhathaniswa Unix-izinhlelo kanye ukuhluka Linux-based ukuthi zisekelwe kubo, ulahlekelwa ngokucacile. I-OS esifanayo FreeBSD futhi ukufakwa kanye ukumisa nezimo kakhulu, ingasaphathwa lokuthi ivikelwe eziphelele kakhulu ngesimo ukuguqulwa evulekile ikhodi yomthombo ukuthi ubani Ungashintsha noma ukuguqula. Empeleni, it unxusa umbuzo ngokwayo: "Yini ukuba uthanda?". Nika noma iyiphi leze Imikhandlu ungafuni, kodwa ngokuyinhloko kungenxa inhlangano amanethiwekhi wendawo usebenzisa iseva central kungcono makudle namanje ezisebenza ngesisekelo Unix (Linux), hhayi i-Windows. Futhi eshibhile futhi kulula, futhi ephephile. Noma kunjalo, abasebenzisi ejwayele esibonakalayo futhi imiyalo Windows-izinhlelo, lokhu imvilophi kungase kubonakale, uma sikubeka kahle, hhayi kucace ngokuphelele. Nokho, ukubhekana esibonakalayo zomsebenzi ngeke wenze. Kodwa nge ukumiswa kancane kuyadingeka ukuze silungise (kanye ngaphandle kwalo?).

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi akuwona wonke wokusebenza yesimanje nezidingo namuhla, nakuba ngempela abe kuhle ukuthuthukiswa kanye sesimanje. Kuyinto ngokuyinhloko mayelana FreeBSD, okuyinto eba, ngeshwa, akazange ezimiselwe, naphezu zonke izinzuzo. Onjiniyela umane ufake isiphambano kuso. Kodwa ezinye izinhlelo musa yokusilela. Ngakho, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze singalindela okukhulu nakakhulu inguqulo ebuyekeziwe ye-Windows 10, okuyinto vele ihlanganisa ukusebenza kanye umile, futhi imodeli iseva (ngemva ejwayelekile ukufakwa iseva kungenziwa amisiwe aphansi ngokuphelele). Ngisho amakhasimende ezengeziwe akudingeki ukufaka. Kwanele ukusebenzisa kwenye yezingxenye e-OS ku isethaphu BIOS (Hyper-V module esifanayo ukwakha umshini we-virtual). Naye ngokuya zokwabiwa kwezinsiza kusebenza phakathi exhunyiwe ezikhumulweni iseva OS kuvele "izimpukane".