Ethandwa kakhulu eyaziwa kakhulu zohlobo inja

Inja kwaba ngesinye sezilwane sokuqala domesticated ngomuntu, futhi esikhathini esidlule kusukela leli phuzu ngemva kwamakhulu ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, wawungakaze hlukana. Futhi uma ngendlela efanele usaqala kulezi zidalwa ezine-ezinemilenze tailed futhi uhlakaniphile, okhokho bethu yambheka njengabasizi, ngisho edla inyama yabo ukudla, futhi isikhumba - izingubo, kodwa kwabaningi bethu namuhla amalungu omkhaya nabangane engcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yokuzalanisa izinja eziningi isibe kuyindaba yokuphila. Ngakho-ke ezithakazelisayo ukuthola ukuthi yini edume kunazo inja zohlobo, bangaki kubo bonke elisuselwa, futhi ofana abantu yokuqala yale zenyathi.

Abasizi bokuqala

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kweza nezinja ezifuywayo eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 135 edlule okhokho babo babe nezimpisi izimpungushe. Kulokhu, kukhona kucatshangwa ukuthi akabanga nje umuntu ezama yokulawula impisi, kodwa izilwane ngokwabo, ngenxa yezizathu okwamanje ucaciswa, ashiya imihlambi yawo ezihambayo ukuphila ukujwayelana nabantu. Kususelwa okutholwe ngemivubukulo, zohlobo lokuqala inja, ezifuywa zangenkathi Paleolithic kwa-Israyeli, Iraq and Syria, bekuya cm 60, kanti ezincane kakhulu (emifushane kuka 45 cm) babehlala e-Switzerland, eFrance, eSpain eJalimane. Ngoba izinja ezinkulu, ukwanda kokungabi cm engaphezu kwengu-60, iminonjana zabo zitholakale lapho bemba imizana ensimini ka yesimanje eJalimane, Russia nase-Ukraine.

ngezigaba

Kufanele ngokushesha kuqashelwe ukuthi elithi "idwala" - hhayi ngoba nje enesifiso amabhuku ezimali Zootechnical. Iqiniso ukuthi kuhlanganisa izici zamasiko nezomlando. Ikakhulukazi, u-Aristotle kwelinye yemibhalo yakhe echaza lokho izinhlobo of izinja babe in Ancient Greece. Nokho, lawo makhulu eminyaka base oluthathwa ikakhulu endaweni lapho bebehlala khona: ezifuywa. Kamuva zinhlobo ukwehluka yanda, futhi waqala ngisho ukuhlukanisa yohlobo lwazo. Ngokuphathelene isimo samanje ezindabeni kule ndawo ezweni lakithi, kanye namaqembu 10 kubhekwe eYurophu:

• ukubukela niyigcine izinja;
• izimali;
• zinja;
• abelusi;
• amaphoyisa;
• terriers;
• huskies kanye Retrievers;
• spaniels futhi Retrievers;
• izinja Companion;
• Toy Izinja;
• greyhounds.

Manje njengoba umbuzo eziningi kanjani inja izinhlobo ezikhona jikelele. Lapha-ke kumelwe kuthiwe International Federation of inja bokudla okwamanje ibona 339 izinhlobo. zalelo nani elikhulu kwakungenye inkomba kwezinhloso zenzuzo kangakanani abangane abane-ezinemilenze abantu babo baye babonisa eminyaka.

Izici kwemukelwe ekulinganisweni Canine izinhlobo

Ngaphambi kokuqala inja, kufanele wazi ukuthi yini oyifunayo lapho ukhetha. Ikakhulu, i-izici izinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• ukubusa;
• okuqukethwe efulethini;
• yokufunda;
• isidingo umsebenzi;
• yinkimbinkimbi ukunakekelwa;
• isipiliyoni yomnikazi;
• Ukuhambelana nezingane;
• ikhono ukubukela;
• ukuzimela;
• ezingeni molting;
• nobungane;
• ukuthambekela sebekhathele ukukhonkotha kwazo;
• ubude bempilo.

Ngakho, ngokukhetha uhlobo, uqaphele iyiphi afanelekile kakhulu umndeni othize. Ngokwesibonelo, Dobermanns edingekayo amahora amaningi umzimba nsuku zonke, futhi bengebona esingcono kakhulu imindeni enezingane, kanye poodle kungaba umngane osondelene naye kakhulu izingane, kodwa izindleko wokunakekela ungenza isifaca e ibhajethi umndeni abahola isilinganiso.

izinja ukuzingela

Nakuba umdlalo namuhla kuphela wokuhamba amaphesenti yokudla yenkomo wesintu ngokuthi lonke zohlobo izinja adaliwe ukusiza abazingeli, athandwa ngisho nanamuhla. Inani 45. bhalisiwe Futhi phakathi kwabo kukhona emadwaleni lasendulo, njengoba empeleni esasisesisha, etholakala iminyaka 200-300 edlule futhi ngaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye bendabuko ukuzingela izinja ithathwa njengokuhlola nokuvikeleka namuhla. Phela, iningi lazo cishe akudingeki ukuba bahlanganyele ukuphishekela izilwane zasendle. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, okwamanje zohlobo esaziwa kakhulu izinja zokuzingela - Labrador Retriever.

baba abangane abahle kakhulu. lapho ukuphishekela umdlalo nazo greyhounds, dachshund, Bloodhounds, borzoi isiRashiya, setter nabanye.

Inja Kuzala wocela ukuvikelwa

Man isilwane kuqala domesticated ekuqaleni eklanyelwe ukusiza umnikazi ngokuzingela kuvikelwe ukuphila kwabantu bakhe futhi ikhaya. Futhi namhlanje bangaki abantu abafuna ukwazi libizwa kanjani zohlobo inja ukuthi kangcono le njongo. Inja bokudla bathi kwasekuqaleni kule simo izinja nokuvikeleka sokuvikelwa emizi, yebo, kungokwalabo uMalusi isiJalimane zaseCaucasia, Giant Schnauzer, wabathengi eMoscow futhi ALABAY. Uma kucatshangwa ukuthi inja abayophila ifulethi, kungcono ukhetha abantu okuqondene zinhlobo ezifana boxer, Cane Corso, Rottweiler noma Doberman. Ukunikeza umqondo Dog, kubalulekile ukuba ukhulume nabanye babo kabanzi:

• Umalusi German. Njengoba iye wathi, "the best, best, iningi" izinhlobo of izinja ukuvikela - owabe abelusi izinja, ezifuywa e emakhoneni ezahlukene iplanethi yethu. Ikakhulukazi, uMalusi German kakhulu amandla, dexterity kanye wit. Nokho, it is abaqeqeshiwe kalula futhi ezinikele kakhulu enkosini yakhe, ngubani ukulungele ukuvikela ngisho noma lokho kusho ukulahlekelwa ukuphila kwakhe.

• Umalusi Caucasian. Zohlobo inja ngokukhethekile waletha nokuvikelwa kwempahla nemfuyo. Ukholelwa abanikazi nomkhaya wakhe futhi uyokwenza konke ukubavikela. Kodwa inja ochwepheshe baxwayisa ngokuthi ashiye nomntwana kungaba kuphela ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi baye bona bakhulela ndawonye.

• Giant Schnauzer. Lena izinja smart kakhulu nelalelayo ukuthi ngeke ukukhonkotha ngaphandle kwesizathu, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kubonise noma yimuphi kuhlaselwa umninikhaya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bezalwa abazingeli nehamba ungaya ngemva ikati noma izingwejeje, okuzoba ensimini yabo umbono.

inja lokulwa

Wahlala ubufakazi incontrovertible ukuthi ngisho iminyaka 6,000 edlule, kweza nezinja, zingasetshenziswa empini. AmaRoma asendulo ngisho wagqoka izinja ezifana amagobolondo ezinjengenyanga ekhethekile anameva ukuthi ungayeki isitha a amasosha zemilenze emine ubambe emphinjeni, futhi ukunqoba iGibhithe ngo namaPheresiya waba nendima mastiff ezinkulu. Ngokuphambene, abantu yeAsiriya uncamela izinja impi ababe akalungile kuye ngokuthi greyhounds ohambisana imashi amaViking.

Futhi namhlanje, e amabutho emazweni amaningi amayunithi baye zinabantu izinja. Ikakhulukazi, sonke siyazi ukuthi izinja zinhle kakhulu abasizi sappers, futhi amabutho umngcele, azilona Irreplaceable lapho ogcine izaphula-mthetho. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke inja izinhlobo (ngezithombe ingatholakala ngezansi) ukuze baqhube ezempi ngo emazweni amaningi aseYurophu futhi eRussia - umalusi isiJalimane, Doberman futhi a Retriever segolide.

nezinja ezidonsa izihlibhi

Izinja kubanga Husky, Samoyed futhi Malamute ngoba zisetshenziswa iminyaka engaphezu kuka-8000 njengoba amandla okusalungiswa sleds ehamba iqhwa. Kepha onjani inja izinhlobo abangu ezifuywa ezweni lethu ukuthuthwa kwabantu nezimpahla, bayingcosana: Yenisei, Gilyak eKamchatka, Yakutsk, Anadyr futhi Chukotka. By endleleni, lapha kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula owaziwa "Omkhulu esiza abantulayo umjaho", okuyinto lahlelwa ngo-1925 futhi uye kwasindisa izimpilo zezingane kusukela serum anti-idiphtheria walethwa Alaska inja ledding.

Namuhla, le ndlela zokuhamba kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa, kodwa njalo ihlelwe imicimbi yezemidlalo for nezinja ezidonsa izihlibhi.

inja Fluffy kakhulu: uhlobo

Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke, ngisho impela yobudala ehloniphekayo simdumise amathoyizi esithambile. Futhi lapho lesi simangaliso ubuye fun ukusebenzisa isikhathi somhlangano, ukutshikizisa umsila wakhe, khona-ke kungaba akekho ongamelana. Akumangazi ukuthi kukhona njalo amaningi labo abafisa ukuba inja Fluffy.

Phakathi lokho okungasetshenziswa Kunconywa, sifanelwe ekhethekile kukhulunywa bobtail, chow-chow futhi ngokuphelele ebukekayo Bichon Frize. Nokho, ngokusho kongoti, le mastiff Tibetan - inja Fluffy. Lolu hlobo ubhekwa omunye endala kakhulu emhlabeni futhi yasungulwa ngo-Buddhist izindela, ababedinga abasizi phakathi nohambo lwabo ezintabeni zaseHimalaya.

Breed lapdogs

Eminyakeni yamuva, phakathi okuthiwa izintokazi bubuhle kubhekwe imfashini avele emicimbini ehlukahlukene nge Yelp amancane ubukhona. Futhi slimmer kuka inja, ohlonishwa ngaphezulu ukuze babe khona. Kodwa sina, izinhlobo ethandwa kakhulu izinja ukuthi mahle fana ncane of zokuhlala, ezifana Shih tzu, Coton de Tulear, Pekingese, Pomeranian, nabanye ngisho esetshenziswa ngodokotela ukuze ayokwelashwa, ngoba Ungabonisa zabanikazi besesimweni zokucindezeleka. Basuke izimpawu usayizi amancane uhlamvu kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abameleli Parodi Chihuahua nesisindo g 500 kuphela 10-15 cm ukuphakama.

Iningi izinja ezinkulu zohlobo

umngane Big, eziqinile futhi abaqotho - yini kangcono?! Nokho, zohlobo izinja ezinkulu ukuze ekhaya isimo liqukathe yonke yasendlini. Okokuqala, labo onesibindi ukuqala Neapolitan, IsiZulu noma mastiffs Tibetan, Borzoi isiRashiya, elise-Asia Ephakathi, Umalusi, Omkhulu Dane nezinye imidondoshiya, uzilungiselele ukuchitha imali eningi ku ukudla kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi izinja kumele kube nesikhala esanele futhi uwagcine eduze efulethini ezisemadolobheni - kumane nje okunonya. Futhi ekugcineni, badinga ukuhamba nsuku zonke amahora ambalwa, njengoba ukungawuvivinyi umzimba kuyingozi emzimbeni yabo.

izinja Rescue

Ngenxa umuzwa wazo ongavamile zokuhogela kanye amandla nokukhuthazela, abangane abane-ezinemilenze sekuyisikhathi eside umuntu lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi zokutakula ezintabeni, phezu kwamanzi, imililo kanye nezinye izimo eziphuthumayo.

It likhishwa ngisho zohlobo ekhethekile enamalungu eminyaka lwasiza ekusindiseni izimpilo izinkulungwane zabantu. Ngokwesibonelo, e-St Bernard bekwi wokutakula uhamba bezintaba ezintabeni kusukela ngekhulu le-17, njengoba unekhono ukuzizwa kusondela ngendathane, futhi bangase bakuthole abasubathi ehlangeni noma abalimele kanye nezivakashi. Kodwa futhi elalidume kunawo wonke wokutakula izinja ukuzalela - kuba Yiqiniso, Newfoundland, noma diver. Lezi zilwane asesabi frost futhi bayakwazi ukuntanta emanzini ngisho ezingeni lokushisa kancane ngenhla 0 degrees. Ngenxa yalokho yokuzalanisa phakathi izinzwane abo kwi izinyawo ezathintwa leWebhu, futhi ukuba khona phakathi nekhulu lesithathu, futhi isakhiwo olukhethekile ezindlebeni futhi ngezidladla avumele lezi zilwane ungene ku-30 m ukujula niwele ibanga km 20. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Newfoundland ukuzingela lingekho isazela, okuyinto sithathelwe indawo yisifiso bagxumela emanzini bese udonsa umuntu uhamba phansi.

Zibonisa ezinye izinhlobo ezingu owaziwa izinja

Minyaka yonke abantu abaningi uzozala ngokwayo ezifuywayo abane-ezinemilenze. I izinhlobo ethandwa kakhulu izinja ukuthi zivame kakhulu ezikhethiwe izakhamuzi - isiNgisi Cocker Spaniel, Pug kanye Yorkshire Terrier. Nazi izici eziyinhloko:

• Yorkshire Terriers. Lezi izinja babe uhlamvu bejabule kakhulu futhi nobudlelwano, lapho umngane omkhulu. Nokho, imvelo eziningana ezimele ngezinye izikhathi iba isithiyo abakufundayo. Phakathi kwalezi zimo ezinhle eyayikuzo Ungase futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi usebenzisane kahle nomuntu nezinye ezifuywayo, kodwa uzama ababuse, ngisho ukunaka umehluko ngosayizi. Uma izingane ukuhlala endlini, abanikazi akukho okumele ukhathazeke, njengoba lokhu isilwane ethambile ayikwazi kubangele sanoma yikuphi ukulimala kwe izingane. Kunalokho, kufanele zinakekelwe ukuze izingane sizinakekele umngane wakho ezine-ezinemilenze.

• Pug. Pugs, ikakhulukazi yobudala emaphakathi - lokhu isilwane ngempela lazy nokuzola, okuyinto asivamile ukubonwa egqoke amafulethi. Ngenxa yalesi izinga basuke kubhekwe nabangane ekahle asebekhulile, okuholela ekuphileni kulinganiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bona asikubekezeleli wedwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho labo bachitha isikhathi esincane ekhaya, kungcono ukuba ukhethe inja yanoma yisiphi esinye zohlobo.

• IsiZulu Cocker Spaniel. Lezi izinja bahlakaniphile futhi ngenxa yalokho abaqeqeshiwe kalula kakhulu. Nokho, abanye abantu bathanda ukukhonkotha, okungase kubangele izinkinga nomakhelwane. Ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi amafulethi nge umsindo ukwahlukanisa okubi kufanele ucabange kahle ngaphambi kokuthi uqale le isilwane esinamadlebe amade. Enye ingqinamba zalolu hlobo - it is a isidingo ku ecwaninga njalo. Iqiniso lokuthi izinwele izinja kungenziwa kalula matted uma hhayi ukumenza ukunakekelwa njalo futhi ngokucophelela.

uhlobo olungavamile futhi ezisengcupheni

Uma bulldog, spaniel, inja, Sheepdog, noma Dalmatians zingatholakala kunoma iyiphi inkantolo, le leonberger, levhena noma Brussels Griffon wabona ikhambi elilodwa vó. Ngakho, uthole ukuthi yini edume kunazo inja zohlobo, kufanele siphindze sicele ukuthi izinja izinguqulo ezingavamile noma ezisengcupheni wadala uma umfuyi inja.

• New Guinea ukucula. Lezi izinja babe eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-30 eziyinkulungwane, sasihlala bahlukaniswe ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezisemaphandleni Papua New Guinea, futhi akekho kubo babengakuqapheli kuze 50s kwekhulu lama-20. Ixhunywe ku igama lesibili zalolu hlobo, ezwakala sengathi "inja Yamatshe Ubudala."

• Sholoittskuintli. Lolu hlobo yasungulwa ngesikhathi kubusa yamandulo Indian of Mexico, futhi umlando wayo iya emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-ayizinkulungwane ezintathu. abameleli balo kuthanda ongaziwa, njengoba umzimba wabo ngaphandle ikhanda, cishe elingenalo izinwele.

• Wolfdog Czechoslovakian. Izinja kwalesi silwane lasendulo bomdabu European eduze timphisi kokubili ukubukeka kanye nezinye izici. Kunenkolelo evamile ukuthi zingabantu Lesisemkhatsini phakathi kwamalungu zasendle bohlobo lwazo, futhi abelusi-German.

• Bergamo umalusi inja. Lokhu inja umalusi iye ezifuywa e-Alps futhi izici shaggy kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi izinja bona abanakho ukuthambekela moult futhi abaqotho kakhulu kubanikazi bazo.

• Ukudla kwasekuseni valhaund. Lezi izinja babe abasizi eyake yaba qotho futhi Viking iziphuphutheki emikhankasweni yabo nokuthi ososayensi-inja izazi zikholelwa umlando lokhu zohlobo uhlehlela emuva ngeminyaka engu engaphezu kuka-1000. Ngaphezu kwalokho, valhaundov abaqeqeshiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziklabile izinkomo amagundane babhubhisa imizi yamakhosi abo.

Manje uyazi lapho izinhlobo of izinja emhlabeni futhi Belifana izinja wokuqala ezifuywayo.