Edvard Lir: izinkondlo of the okungenangqondo

Edvard Lir (1812 - 1888) - i-English umculi, umculi imbongi abaqhubeka wakudala IsiZulu Folk isiko ukudala iDemo izinkondlo "lutho".

imininingwane Omfushane esakhula

Ukulungiswa knob Umndeni lalilikhulu, ngingasho omkhulu ngisho. Edvard Lir wayengomncane kunabo bonke. Eminyakeni emine kwathatha kudadewabo Anne, ngubani wayemdala kunezingane kuye engamashumi amabili nanye. Anne waba umama kuye futhi wahlala naye kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, lapho eseneminyaka engu-50 ubudala. Kusukela ebufaneni ayenakho ukuze uthole isinkwa sabo. Wancika izimpawu zokuqala futhi izimemezelo, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukwenza imifanekiso etshalwe izincwadi. Yena ngesineke izilwane eziningi ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi eziningi ke kwadingeka zonke izinhlobo zopholi. Lear isibe draftsman esinzulu ornithological. Kukhululwa incwadi yokuqala ka watercolors yakhe zopholi waphuma, lapho umculi engu-19 ubudala.

I izindlu Knowsley Hall

I-Earl of Derby kwadingeka izindlu zakhe a menagerie ezinkulu. Wayelazisa umqondo wokuvelela ukushicilela incwadi ngaye. Ngezinye 21 Edvard Lir wamenywa ukwenza imidwebo kwezilwane, futhi lapho kutholakala ithalente lakhe, eyabonakala zonke idili abantwana ababa bemngunga. Wancika izithombe ngabo, okuyinto ubephelezelwa ezihlekisayo izinkondlo ayengayilungiselelanga.

izincomo odokotela '

Eminyakeni emine wachitha Edvard Lir ku Earl, kodwa impilo yakhe yayingeyinhle. wayeyindoda obucayi futhi ethambile. Wayeke ababuthakathaka emaphashini, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula kanye somoya njalo siyabhubha, ngaphezu, yena ngahlushwa isithuthwane. Wakhe nokuquleka akufundile ukulindela njalo zisuswe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye neziqubu zokucindezeleka. Ithathwe ndawonye, kodwa ukukhanya ikakhulukazi, kwaholela odokotela ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi ngonyaka ebusika 1847- 1848 kuyoba owokugcina, uma akakushiyeli eNgilandi kuye. Yilokho Evard Lear sashiya izwe lakubo futhi waya endaweni ukufudumala, noma kunalokho, e-Italy.

Italy nakwamanye amazwe

Kulelizwe efudumele, waqala ukudweba namathafa. Edward ithengiswe imidwebo yakhe futhi watercolors kanye nabantu, futhi abamemezeli, ngoba ngalezo zinsuku isithakazelo emazweni akude wayemkhulu, kanye nezithombe wayengekho. Futhi ngokuhamba zikhonjiswe yezokuvakasha izincwadi.

Naphezu kwakho konke ukugula kwakhe, bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye isihambi bakukhonzile. Umdwebi uye wahambela yonke Mediterranean, zonke ziqhingi zase-Aegean, Greece, e-Italy, Palestine, eseNtabeni Athos, e-Egypt. Waze safinyelela eNdiya naseCeylon.

Futhi kuyo yonke indawo Lear alethwe omkhulu kakhulu imidwebo izincwadi ezinyatheliswa. Ngo-1846, yanyatheliswa imiqulu emibili, eboniswa inqamule Italy. Ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engu-34. Futhi lowo mnyaka wanyathelisa incwadi yakhe yokuqala umbhedo. Kuyinto incwadi enjalo ezingavamile ukuthi akusiyo ngisho emtatsheni wezincwadi waseBrithani. Ibizwa ngokuthi, yayifundwa out, ngakho kwaba yimpumelelo. Futhi lowo mnyaka waba nesithakazelo Queen of England. Wabuza Edward Lear ukumfundisa ukudweba. 12 Futhi waphana ngabanye izifundo kuya Queen, ngubani ngisesemncani: ngisho iminyaka eyishumi akubanga sobukhosi (esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-1837). Ochwepheshe bathi ngemva ukudlala imidwebo yakhe Lear ngcono.

Selokhu kwathi nhlo zigcinwe isifiso ukupenda. Waze kwabonakala ElikaDavide Tennyson.

limericks

Yiziphi? Indlela elakhiwe inkondlo by Edward Lear? Limericks ebengalidluliselanga yasungulwa yena. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa isiko IsiZulu ubudala. Lokhu iwuhlobo lwasendulo, obuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-16 ditty leminyaka. Basuke hhayi kuphela sung, kodwa babedansa ezikhathini Shakespearean, futhi kamuva. Ukubhala ukuthengiswa SMME kanye emigwaqweni, ngokuvamile amanothi. Limerick siqukethe imigqa emihlanu. Amabili eside futhi amabili amafushane, futhi aphinde eside odlule. Uzungu ukuthi:

• Exposition. Le ndoda endala kusukela "H".
• Action. Ukuthi ngahlukana, leli xhegu.
• Imiphumela. Wathini kwalokho, ukuthi yena wathi noma ukuthi kwenziwani kuye.

"ISikhulu Nepal." Imigqa emibili yokuqala ezichazwe Prince ngomkhumbi isikebhe. Isenzo liqukethe yokuthi wawa esikebheni. Futhi ngemiphumela nesokuphela ilula - yawa, wawungasekho. Lokhu kwaba impendulo ehhovisi lenxusa. Ngamunye kwakulandelwa ingcaca iphethini Limerick kumbhali.

Kodwa "ixhegu emngceleni," okuyinto deftly nge ukudansa ikati kanye itiye ukuphuza aphume isigqoko. Uyixoxe akunandaba mqondo. A isithombe sekuyinto yakudala, kanye zonke igalelo Lira.

Yibaphi charm Limerick?

Limerick iqhawe kungaba ubuwula futhi njalo ukukwenza, kodwa kuhilela imvumelwano imithetho yalo mdlalo ukuthi wathatha izintambo. Yeka idrama kwenzekani, eqinisweni, kulezi Limerick?

Lapho, ngalé exhegwini owenze izenzo kungazwakali, basekhona abantu Sane futhi nizithibe emhlabeni, okuyinto, njengoba umthetho, musa like lokho akwenzayo. Abazange ukucwaswa, baxoshwa omuzi wabo, futhi usulu kuye ngisho nje iphawundi.

Lokhu kwalotshwa kahle Oldos Haksli: kumayelana kubo, mayelana nezinye, okukhulunywe ngayo kwasekuqaleni. Eqinisweni, lutho isimanga kuzo ungaphenduki, ezigcina umthetho, nakuba kude. Njengokuvamile, bamangele elenza umuntu omdala. Abantu ukubuza imibuzo engase ibonakale kuzo indawo. Ngokuyisisekelo, Limerick ukumela akukho okunye ngaphandle okuphakade lokulwa iziqephu ubuhlakani noma ome njengeqanda nezihlobo kanye nabanye. Yilokho okwenzekayo e Limerick empeleni.

Nasi self-portrait of Lira ne engaziwa, othi akukho Lear akekho. Edvard Lir uyibonisa ulwelwesi isigqoko sakhe enegama.

Edvard Lir: lokusungula

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, wabhala eziningi limericks Edvard Lir. Izincwadi zakhe futhi zihlanganisa amaculo ne-ballads. Nasi isibonelo ballads yakhe futhi Limerick ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ibizwa ngokuthi "etafuleni kanye isihlalo." Khonza ke njengoba engokwesayensi, kodwana ekulondolozeni imvumelwano.

ithebula esihlalweni Old wathi: "Ngikhathele emi ekhoneni, esekhathele ukuphila ikhiyiwe izindaba ezibuhlungu. Inuka ehlobo ngaphandle, abaleke nawe bonke; boulevards poshurshat, umoya fresh ". Abantu Abadala Abavuthiwe edeskini esihlalweni: "ngizoyeka, umngane wami, wena ngaya, kodwa angiyanga whale, lapha ngimi Ngazi kanjani." "Lutho," - wathi kwesitulo - "bengisayofisa nasibindi, ngoba hhayi lutho ukuthi singamakhosi imilenze, eqinile futhi mncane." Yilokho isimangaliso! Nayi ukumangala: itafula nosihlalo behla hobbled irowu, ngokunqikaza ekuqaleni. Bese frolic, frolicked izitolo esidlule futhi amasonto ukhwele nazo zonke ishesha, njengoba ihhashi, gallop gallop yebo. Kodwa komfula, ibhuloho baqala ukucabanga ukuthi kamuva. Okuhle ikhaya nciphisa, kuze kube manje, ngendlela engaziwa! "Duck, duck, umngane wami engimthandayo, igundane otshanini kanye black ibhungane, faka indlela eqondile, sifika ekhaya." Duck nge igundane kanye ibhungane wabaholela emmzini lapho kokuba belinde isikhathi kwasemini. Babé ngiyocasha futhi izisu bondlekile ukucula amaculo futhi uthele amahlaya doupadu dancing udaba duck umshado.

Ngo amazwana lokhu ubuhle akadingi.

musicality Lira

Edvard Lir kwaba umculi omkhulu. Yena wayethanda, ngaso sonke isikhathi uvele eziningi nabangane. Kwathi esehlezi upiyano (endleleni, akekho uye wafundisa, wafunda Lear yena) futhi iqala ukwenza ezihlukahlukene iculo, ezifana Alfreda Tennisona izinkondlo, odumile esikhathini esiningi. Futhi Tennyson, indoda kunalokho mnyewu futhi udangele, wavuma ukuthi kuzo zonke amalungiselelo omculo izinkondlo zakhe, uyakuzwa iculo kuphela Lira, nakho konke okunye, akusilo izwi elihle.

Ekupheleni ukuphila Lear wahlala villa eSan Remo. Wahlala engashadile wahlala bachelor esaphila. Edward wafela khona, futhi lapho, eSan Remo, lapho ungcwatshwe. Ukuphila yomsebenzi kanye nohambo, waphila Edvard Lir. Biography e intshumayelo yethu iphelile.