Culture of India sidilizwa. Izigaba main kanye nezici

India kubhekwa omunye izikhungo endala impucuko womuntu, kokuba ezingeni lelisetulu isiko. On insimu yezwe wathola semali ubufakazi ngemvelaphi yokuphila lasendulo. Eziningi zalezi uyathola basonta umphakathi bakudala, inkathi Lower Paleolithic, Mesolithic futhi ikakhulukazi Neolithic. Sikhuluma ezihlukahlukene ukuzingela izibhamu, imbazo grinders, izinsalela kwezicubu, shards imithambo nokunye. Kwatholakala migede imidwebo, okubonisa izibalo ahlukene abantu nezilwane, kanye ukuzingela. Isiko sidilizwa India ingenye esiyingqayizivele futhi ngokungangabazeki ezithakazelisayo.

Ekumbeni, okuyinto zavezwa esigodini Indus River baye bafakazela ukuthi impucuko lapha eyesithathu - enkulungwaneni yesibili yeminyaka BC. Ngaphandle ngamathuluzi bendabuko babe imikhiqizo zethusi-zethusi (imikhonto, izimbazo, arrowheads, ukudoba izingwegwe, imimese, amashizolo, namanye izihlahla ezihluthulelwe). Izakhamuzi bafunda indlela spin ukotini. zobumba Yande nezinto zokuhloba ukwenziwa. Imizana babe ezimbili futhi esinezitezi ezintathu izakhiwo, kanye amapayipi kanye nezinhlelo zamanzi.

Engxenyeni enkulungwaneni yesithathu yeminyaka BC yesibili. Culture of India sidilizwa libhekene yokuthi waqala ukuthatha ukuma kolwazi lwesayensi. Kukhona ngokubhala, ezolimo, Blacksmithing, imithi, i-geometry kanye chess yasungulwa.

Ukwanda kwezimpi Okuqotho kanye zezimbali ubhekwa yesine - nekhulu lesibili leminyaka. BC, lapho imithetho Gupta no Maurya lwamakhosi. Ososayensi baye wadala idesimali uhlelo inombolo, uphawu samanje sedijithali, algebra, izibalo, trigonometry, ukufunda izinkanyezi.

Ngalesi sikhathi, isayensi kanye namasiko India asendulo eyayihambisana ulwazi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali. Lokhu sekwenze kwaba lula ukulungisa ekwakhiweni eziyinkimbinkimbi mercury zensimbi, usimende, amakha, nemithi, udayi, acid nokunye.

Lwati lolutfolakele nomthelela ekwakheni impucuko yesimanje futhi athuthukile.

Art nesiko eNdiya yasendulo waqala ukuthuthukisa ekupheleni yesibili - ekuqaleni yokuqala yeminyaka BC. Phakathi ezikhumbuzo izincwadi, kufanele kuphawulwe Vedas, izincwadi Vedic, "legend Engcwele", le sutras (izincomo nohlelo imihlatshelo yokukhuluma kwemithetho wokuphila komkhaya), futhi phakathi izinhlobo - izincwadi yeqhawe. Ngesisekelo asinazo izithombe zenkolo futhi abantu kwaba yidrama eyingqayizivele kanye izinkondlo ezinesigqi.

Culture of India sidilizwa idume emhlabeni wonke futhi ugcine usesikhathini, umculo wabo oyingqayizivele, ubunye kuculwa ngamazwi nangezinsimbi, ephelezelwa ebusweni kudingekile izinkulumo, ukuthinta nangemidanso.

Iqophelo eliphezulu lokuphelela kukhona amasampula yobuciko esihle (yasezindongeni, ebaziwe kanye nemisebenzi yezandla), futhi izakhiwo esiyingqayizivele. izinhlobo osetshenziswayo of ukujula esingokwemvelo, ekhululekile, izithombe esiyingqayizivele, izixazululo ngokugqamile yokudala, ukwehluka nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwengoma.

Izici isiko eNdiya yasendulo babé evelele, nalapho leliya lizwe sandile nobuBuddha. Nkolo entsha kuye kwaholela ukuthuthukiswa ebaziwe nokwakhiwa omkhulu izakhiwo zenkolo: emathempelini emhumeni, izinsika Monolithic, eziqoshiwe onkulunkulu nokunye.

With ukuthuthukiswa isiko kanye nesayensi zaqala ukushintsha isakhiwo somphakathi Indian lasendulo. Lokhu kwamvulela ithuba lokunikeza kwamangqamuzana baqinisa kanye babhekane nezinga elikhulu eqinile kuleli zwe. Yayisekelwe kuphela umsuka kwezenhlalo kanye nohlobo yomsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye waholela kumiswa amaqembu avaliwe:

• ngu izigodi ezikhonjwe ezine Varna;
• womsebenzi professional - emithathu nengxenye ayizinkulungwane castes.

Culture of India ngenxa endulo zawo lasendulo namanje uhlala ehlukile. UBooysen wakwazi ukusho ukuthi ugcine labo izici ezenza kube kazwelonke ngempela futhi liyabonakala emhlabeni wonke.