CSS-nezinhlaka zokubamba design isabele

"Sesizoyaphi ukwenza okhalweni?" - ebuzwa highness yabo (ifilimu mayelana Baron Munchausen), kodwa zibuze, ngoba ngokwalo impendulo. Framework - uhlale into enhle, ikakhulukazi uma isuka Unjiniyela yizicukuthwane: indlela ukuqalisa on Twitter, njengoba isisekelo ZURB, noma i-cherry isihlahla inyamazane ebunzini, zitshalwe ngokucophelela ngaleyo ndlela Baron.

Zonke CSS-izinhlaka - kuhle futhi ezingokoqobo. Iqiniso lokuthi into ethile ngasibuyisela ukubaluleka kwalo futhi zayiswa kanye yonke indlela esiqongweni efanayo, wathi umbuzo - lapho ukwenza okhalweni - akakamtholi isinqumo sokugcina, futhi vertices ezisele, ongakaqaliswa linqotshiwe.

Eguquguqukayo isakhiwo: iziphequluli Isobho

isevisi ye-Inthanethi iyatholakala kuphi nanoma nini, kodwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa isiphequluli. Kuphela nge platform ethize electronic. Zonke ezinye izinketho zingaphezu esibonakalayo ezibukwayo. Isiphequluli isebenza kahle ngaphakathi amakhono isiteji ethile electronic: PC, laptop, ithebhulethi noma ifoni. Kukhona ezinye izinketho, kodwa obizwa ngokuthi kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe.

Ngesikhathi lapho "ophakeme» IE, okuyinto kusukela ekuzalweni azange abe ukubusa okuphelele, futhi umncintiswano wayedabuka eduze, kube nemizamo elifanele okuthile.

Njengoba inqubo ukukhiqizwa imishini computer futhi kumadivayisi eselula ayikwazi ukulawulwa, kanye nokuthuthukiswa isiphequluli njalo ezihambayo ohlangothini yeningi, bonke kulawulwa uqobo, ukuthi kukhona ukungezwani yemvelo nezinselelo konjiniyela. isikhala-Inthanethi alamukeli yimiphi amapulazi collective, futhi imiphakathi, noma ezazihlala epulazini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bonke abalandeli nabalandeli umphakathi amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ngokuqhubekayo uthuthe ku nomunye, zinyamalale futhi ivele.

Ngokuvamile, uma kukhona isidingo sokudala izinsiza isikhala Inthanethi, sidinga isisekelo ucishe okuthembekile, kunokuba sithembele kokwethu esintengayo Sands wake ukuguquguquka kolwazi nobuchwepheshe. Amagama athi "oluhambelana", "iraba", "cross-isiphequluli" kanjalonjalo. Yafika nomaka, njengoba iwuphawu ezokwenza umsebenzi ngeke balahlekelwa ize, ukuthi kuyoba ukubukeka efanayo futhi ukwenza umsebenzi walo kunoma iyiphi idivayisi kunoma yisiphi isiphequluli.

CSS-nohlaka sokuqalisa

Incazelo nenjongo imikhiqizo ukwenza lula uhlelo. Kukholakala ukuthi wayengomunye wabokuqala, uphakathi eziphambili kakhulu futhi azinake. Ngenxa ngezithako zawo:

• Mesh, ikholomu amabhlogo;
• izifanekiso, fixed, iraba nabanye;
• ihluzo, amafonti, nezincazelo zawo;
• abezindaba, izithombe nama-movie ukuphathwa;
• itafula, imvume evamile, ukuhlunga, ukusebenza entsha;
• ukuma, amasimu design okokufaka ephathelene nezehlakalo, amagama;
• Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, amathebhu, amathebhu, amakhasi, amamenyu, wamathuluzi;
• izaziso, izingxoxo, amathiphu elintantayo izakhi.

Lolu hlaka uthi ngaphezulu inkululeko wokudala uhlelo osebenzisa nakho esibe nakho lapha e ukuthuthukiswa inkampani Twitter. Konke lokhu kulungile, kubalulekile futhi ezithakazelisayo, kodwa kufanele ngokucophelela wafunda phambi amakhono amangalelwe izotholakala unjiniyela.

Sokuqalisa, abalandeli bakhe kanye izimbangi

Ngokuyisisekelo zonke izinhlaka - i-HTML, CSS, ne-JavaScript enikwe - kungcono a trio owaziwayo inhlanganisela ezahlukene. umklami ngamunye inikeza ezahlukene nobunzima ukuqonda futhi kudinga isikhathi esithile sokuthuthukisa. Kodwa, Okumangazayo uhlukanise inqubo wokwakha isayithi front end kanye Basque ekupheleni, kodwa zonke okufanayo: out of husk Imininingwane ngamazwi, eclipsing kuphela umqondo ikhasimende (bese okwesikhashana kuphela), kukhona njalo ngempela enesiphetho esijabulisayo - ukuphila kwangempela, inselele yangempela nesibopho izixazululo zayo.

Ngempela, unjiniyela, ayehlome sokuqalisa, Foundation, Kube, i-UI semantic, Uikit, UniCSS, Maxmertkit, ... kungasebenza kahle ku-formula 10/12 ukufaka esikhundleni ifomula 1`000 / 100`000 (ngezandla) + Factor "Pi". Ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, CSS-nezinhlaka ugcine ukuthuthukiswa project isikhathi infinity noma inani elikhulu amahora (ngezandla), kuze 10-12 amahora iyiphi iphrojekthi.

Ukukhumbula ukuthi ngaphambi walala iqanda, ngisho inkukhu kuyodingeka ngokufaneleyo naye sithukwa, sibe kuthathwa: umehluko isikhathi ukuthuthukisa kuphi ayikwazi zinyamalale, iyaqhubeka ibe cwaningo kohlaka, kukhethwa ubani okufanele athathe, futhi eziningi nezinye isikhathi kwezokuzilibazisa kude enchubeni ukuthuthukiswa.

onjiniyela abanolwazi uzovuma ukuthi ngisho ebusuku akunakwenzeka ukuba enze indawo ehloniphekile. Ingqondo yomuntu isebenza ngokushesha kunokuba iyiphi ikhompuyutha, kodwa ingxenye abaqaphela ke - kakhulu kancane ngokucophelela nesisindo konke ngaphambi kokwenza ngisho isixazululo silula. Zokwandisa nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi esetshenziswa amathuluzi yesimanje lutho engasho lutho nhlobo yibhange.

indawo Modern - lokhu akukona iqoqo Amakhasi, ebabonisa isakhiwo oluhambelana. Ukunakekela ngokuphelele kunoma iyiphi isayithi hhayi ukuze abonise indlela ohlakaniphile nonjiniyela wayo, futhi yini engcono CSS-nezinhlaka babe kuyizikhali zikaNkulunkulu, kodwa kunalokho ukugcwalisa ukusebenza okudingekayo yikhasimende.

Nezimo eqinisweni, futhi empeleni

Umsebenzi kudinga isixazululo - umthetho ngokuqinile. Ukuthuthukiswa esekelwe oluhambelana futhi cross-isiphequluli, kwi iraba isakhiwo mqondo amathebhu kohlaziyo ku "izinhlobo" ezithile iraba - Umsebenzi ezithakazelisayo, kodwa engasekho. Eguquguqukayo Umhlahlandlela CSS, i-HTML, JS - ezithembisa, kodwa ukubheka ukuthi yikuphi umongo kufanele ucabangele lokhu ngombono.

Have kuvisisa ukusebenza okudingekayo. Kukhona ngokuqiniseka ukuthi isisetshenziswa kufanele isebenze kukhompyutha yakho futhi efonini yakho. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi inkinga oluhambelana isakhiwo ukugcwaliseka imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza.

Ungakwazi awafuni kusukela amahhashi kanye ngamahhashi amancane kusukela sinye siyafanana: okufanayo ukudonsa wayibhinca nge impumelelo efanayo. Kwenza akukho mqondo ukuthi aqhubeke nokudlala, ngisho amazambane ngoba ummbila (izindiza, zithandwa kakhulu kwenkathi zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni), lapho evela endle ukuze nginikeze ifayela isitoreji. Lapha, ngisho nalowo amahhashi kakhulu ukubhekana.

Igama elithi "oluhambelana" ngomqondo zakho izwi akusho saziso isidingo okuthile ingenza into enjengale, njengoba bewenza phambi, endaweni ehlukile noma kwezinye izimo. Kunenkinga nokusebenza kwayo, kukhona amapulatifomu ehlukahlukene Isobho lapho lokhu kusebenza ukusebenza. Nxa ilitshe lelo e inqubo kwefrakshini, umklamo kanye nokuxoxisana - lena utopia yangempela, uma umgomo ekuxazululeni izinkinga - ke zako kungenye indaba.

Futhi baba nethemba umzuzu oyingqophamlando

Program ayakhula ngokushesha, futhi ngesilinganiso lomchazi - iyona ngqo mkhakha. Babecabanga uMklami njalo ngokushesha kunokuba iyiphi ikhompuyutha, ngoba ukuhlukanisa esibonakalayo kusukela ikhodi, kwanqunywa ukuba intuitively selokhu Imininingwane ukwakhiwa impucuko. Kodwa uMnyango incane, kubalulekile ukuba kahle ukwazi lapho ubuso oyifunayo.

La maphuzu amathathu (esibonakalayo, ikhodi, ubuso) kuphela ingxenye inhlangano ulwazi. Kukhona inkinga idatha kanye isethulo yayo. Kuyinto kuphela efika kuqala kungase kubonakale sengathi idatha ne-CSS-nezinhlaka kungukuthi kuhlobene. Eqinisweni, umqondo njalo azimisele ukungahlanganyeli kuphela ikhodi, kodwa futhi iqiniso ukuthi iphatha nendlela ikwenze, okokuqala kunakho konke, ngesikhathi.

Ekunqumeni ukusebenzisa CSS-nezinhlaka, ngokukhetha omunye, kulinganiswa isikhathi esidingekayo sokuthuthukisa lelihambisana ukusebenza yayo ukuthi liyadingeka ukuxazulula inkinga, kufanele aqondwe - kubaluleke kabi, hhayi ngohlaka ngokwayo, kodwa yenza kuphela yokuthi le nkinga ezibangelwa esikhathini esidlule, futhi Yathola ukubaluleka. Kubalulekile ukunikeza, kulokho isiqondiso kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa inkinga kanye nezixazululo zalo.

Mayelana imikhandlu, abeluleki kanye nokuhlola izinhlelo

Empeleni, ukuhambisana nokuqonda umbuzo esingamethemba futhi ubani cha, ubani okufanele anikeze iseluleko futhi ubani akufanele, izinkinga ngeke kuphakama. Kodwa esikhaleni virtual nalokhu, zikhona izingqinamba.

Njalo uhlelo (ikakhulukazi labo babantu ngokuhlanganyela) isipiliyoni aqoqana. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho e ngandlela-thile futhi has nohlaka lalo. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuthatha inkambo okholweni yomunye, ngisho noma zithandwa kakhulu futhi emangalisayo, udinga uzibeka yokuma umcwaningi, kodwa hhayi ukuba umlandeli.

Experience ozakwabo - kungcono never ngesisekelo okuyisidingo umsebenzi, ikakhulukazi ensimini enjalo ashukumisayo like An ulwazi kodwa isisusa esihle ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi lwabo kanye nakho.

Ngisho noma yini ukufeza okuthile, akukho ephumula ukufunda kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye. Kunoma yikuphi simo, okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kanye nozakwabo kule mkhakha - kungcono kuka nelwatinchanti lwabo kuphela, futhi izinhlelo kusukela ezokwenza Akungabazeki ukuthi ethembisa kakhulu futhi ibonakala ingokoqobo.