Cathedral Square YaseMoscow ezibiyele: uhlelo, umdwebo, incazelo, umlando, kanye nezithombe. Likuphi Cathedral Square?

Cathedral Square YaseMoscow ezibiyele - a yezakhiwo somlando esiyingqayizivele. Isikhathi eyinhloko ekwakhekeni Ensemble omangalisayo - xv-XVI leminyaka.

Indlela Bonke baqala

Ukuqinisa isikhundla kwezomnotho of the ubukhulu eMoscow okwaholela ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa amabandla omangalisayo futhi amasonto ababhishobhi. Duke Dmitrii Donskoy no-Ivan Kalyta ngaphambilini ukwakha amathempeli, okuyinto atholakala e isakhiwo esizayo futhi ngekwendzawo isakhiwo endaweni kwengoma. Ngeshwa, izakhiwo yasekuqaleni ungazange lalondolozwa. Phakathi nokubusa Ivan III endaweni efanayo Yakhiwa nethempeli Elisha, okufanelekelayo ukuba inhloko-dolobha enkulu-state Russian.

Ukuze Isakhiwo

Kusukela ekuqaleni yendlela ebukeka ngayo Cathedral Square YaseMoscow ezibiyele isetjentiswe emikhosini, ukushaya udwendwe. Emishadweni ngesikhathi sokubusa ukugcotshwa futhi ezinsukwini zika ngamaholidi enkolo omkhulu ensimini yayo yaqhutshelwa isinyathelo eziminyene. Beka kompheme Faceted Chamber yayihloselwe ukwamukela amanxusa akwamanye amazwe. Le ndawo awela ngisho nomngcwabo endaweni yesiphephelo lokugcina izinzalamizi, nababhishobhi basemasontweni, amakhosi nezikhulu eziphakeme grand.

Cathedral Square e Moscow ekhulwini weshumi nesishiyagalombili futhi nesishiyagalolunye, hhayi kanye badedele ematsheni eyenziwe sandstone. Abambalwa emashumini kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kwaba egandayiwe. Phakathi kabusha ngo-1955 endaweni ngasibuyisela itshe izibuya zayo.

Izinto musa ezisekhona

The Ensemble of Cathedral Square YaseMoscow ezibiyele uye ishintsha ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ekuqaleni bazakha emhlabeni azungezwe ukwakhiwa isihlahla. Omunye wabo ephethwe ukusinda inhlokodolobha unomphela imililo, abanye nje ayetha, bese endaweni yabo esakhiwe amasha. Cishe zonke emathempelini, manje imi Cathedral Square, kwadingeka ngaphambili. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke izinto manje-ekhona - Isonto sebethule Robe, Temple Solovetsky isimangaliso abasebenzi, Ekulu Cathedral, le Annunciation futhi kweNyuka, Palace uMbhishobhi Omkhulu okudala.

Kwakukhona izakhiwo ukuthi ubhujiswe noma buzilimaze isitha. Ngakho kwakuphakathi Isikhathi Olukhulu Nezinkinga (ngonyaka 1612) kanye nokuhlaselwa Napoleon (1812). Ngokwesibonelo, lapho amabutho French abangu emuva kusukela dolobha, lachithwa ngumuntu esiyingqayizivele Filaret Annex isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi Ivana Velikogo. Zabulawa ngabomvu eseduze emithathu span belfry. Engafakwanga futhi isonto Ioanna Lestvichnika. It lamiswao ngisho ngomyalo Ivan Kalita e 1329. Isakhiwo kwaba ukuma octagonal nge nemengamo for izinsimbi, esemgwaqweni esitezi sesibili. Imila kalula ukuqonda e ngekhulu nanhlanu ngenhloso ukusula insimu ukuze kwakhiwe umbhoshongo insimbi behlonipha Ivana Velikogo.

Ukubukeka ezakhiwo ukwakhiwa amasonto esishintsha indlela ukuthi isikhathi esidingekayo. Ezinye izindawo ziye kulekelelwa izahluko entsha, cloisters nezinye izakhi.

Izici isitayela yezakhiwo

Cathedral of the Moscow ezibiyele Square (isithombe okwethulwa kulesi sihloko) inezici ezithile evamile izikole yezakhiwo uVladimir-Suzdal ubukhulu kanye Pskov. Masters abamenyiwe kusukela izikhungo ezimbili Russian itshe izakhiwo, ekwakhiweni nangapha amasonto amancane namakhulu kungukuthi nje ayesanamathele izindlela zakudala, kodwa futhi uletha entsha. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-inqubo ukwakhiwa isonto Rizopolozhensky okokuqala wenza egumbini eliphezulu. Pskov sikole siye saba nomthelela obalulekile umhlobiso mbumbulu. Ngakho, ngo-amathempeli amaningi ungabona curbs, ibhande Ornamental on izigubhu Domes beguntsy, inguqulo emithathu bladed olungaphambili lwesonto ephelele. Kepha uVladimir-Suzdal esikoleni, ithonya sobala kakhulu ekuklanyweni kweNyuka Cathedral (ewumngcingo amafasitela arched nebhande phezu Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba) yayo.

isitayela entsha

Ngesisekelo synthesis izici ezivelele izikole ezimbili izakhiwo ukubaluleka yesifunda e ngekhulu nanhlanu kwakukhona isitayela rannemoskovskogo isici itshe izakhiwo, kamuva elaba Zonke-Russian. Engafani keel corbel nemengamo phezu olungaphambili lwesonto, ukwanda yi emaphakathi uthi lokuphotha whorls futhi nemengamo podpruzhnymi. Kulokhu, isigubhu lemcoka Dome sigudluke ngokucace kakhudlwana ukuba zone empumalanga ivolumu ukwakhiwa.

izitayela zaphesheya kwezilwandle

Okwesikhathi esithile Cathedral Square YaseMoscow ezibiyele kwamiswa bedle izakhiwo okunzima Italian Renaissance. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abamenyiwe abaklami bokufika ababezama ukunamathela kukho yendabuko ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo itshe eRussia, izakhi umhlobiso mbumbulu kwezinye izakhiwo (Cathedral of iNgelosi Enkulu, i-Faceted Chamber nabanye) abelwe ejwayelekile ye-Florentine izakhiwo. Phakathi kwabo, Umklamo emafasiteleni, futhi ngamathamborini, kanye imihlobiso. Ngokwesibonelo, Bon Fryazin okokuqala eRussia isicelo screed metal enqubeni ukwakhiwa. Ngemva kwalokho, lesi sici obonakala ungelutho uvinjelwe Ngokuwa isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi Ivana Velikogo uma uzama ukushaya it up in 1812

Okuncane abakhi

Ngeshwa, ngo-imibhalo ye ngekhulu nanhlanu ababaningi walabo amagama, sibonga kubani uvele Cathedral Square YaseMoscow Kremlin. Imibhalo yisho Krivtsov futhi Myshkin - Shona Artisanal nabakhi kusukela Pskov, wahlanganyela ukwakhiwa we Annunciation Church futhi isonto Rizopolozhensky.

Ngenxa yokushoda abaklami ayo onekhono eMoscow aqala ukumema abantu bezinye izizwe. Omunye Ukufika lokuqala ochwepheshe Italian - Aristotle Fioravanti. Wayehola inqubo ukwakhiwa kweNyuka Cathedral. Ukwakhiwa edumile Isigodlo Izici wahlanganyela Marko Fryazin Pierre Antonio solari. Ekuqaleni ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha, ukwakhiwa kweNyuka Cathedral ephethwe Aleviz entsha.

Oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke eenkhulwini Italy okuthiwa Bona Fryazino. Mayelana ukuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi, cishe akukho lwazi. , Wengamela inqubo ukwakhiwa we letimbili temandla lokuqala belfry Ivana Velikogo. Lokhu kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-1505-1508. Icala lakhe baqhubeka Petroc Minor - futhi Italian. Wayesebenza emasayithini ukwakhiwa kwe-Kremlin iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa (1522), ikhono lakhe elikhulu kanye nesimo kuqinisekisa isihloko Architecton. ukuqashelwa okunjalo kungenza ngiziqhayise ezimbili kuphela-Italian - solari naseNew Aleviz.

yesimanjemanje

Njengoba Cathedral Square YaseMoscow manje ubukeka ezibiyele? Ukushayela Ensemble, yebo, savela ngesikhathi. Okubalulekile, izazi-mlando, restorers nezinye izazi ziye zasebenza amashumi eminyaka ukubuyisela ukubukeka ahlukile ezikhumbuzo eziningi izindawo zamasiko nezomlando. Okwamanje, iphrojekthi esivelele xv-XVI eminyaka, livela phambi izivakashi bencoma e yonke inkazimulo yayo. Cabangela ezinye izici ngokuningiliziwe.

Cathedral of the Annunciation

Cathedral of the Moscow ezibiyele Square (uhlelo ntshonalanga okuyingxenye kuzoveza) liyaziwa Cathedral, ezakhiwe Pskov okuyinhloko 1484-1489. Kusukela ezinsukwini wokubusa Ivan III kanye ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesikhombisa le Annunciation Cathedral kwaba esontweni ekhaya zamakhosi akwa-Russia. Ithempeli, okuyinto ethwele domes ezinhlanu zegolide - laqanjwa obunobunye e rannemoskovskogo yezakhiwo isitayela esikoleni. Ngaphakathi ke ungajabulela izibonelo ezingavamile yokudweba benkolo ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha. Olunothile ifomu eziyinkimbinkimbi eveza umbono mission leSonto Lobu-Orthodox e-Russia njengoba umuntu owayezothatha isikhundla ngqo yoMbuso WaseByzantium.

Cathedral of Ingelosi Eyinhloko

Njengamanje lesi sakhiwo ukhonza njengelungu ethuneni ababusi abaningi Russian. Itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe yomphakathi ephakathi nalesi siqhingi. On ukubukeka zokuhlobisa lethempeli kakhulu ukuthonywa izimiso lesikole Italian bokwakha Yenguquko. Kubuyekeziwe lombhishobhi lamiswao kusayithi babeyalisiswa ehlaselwe isiphepho esontweni Arhangela Mihaila (ukwakhiwa yobudala - nane). Ukwakhiwa ukuvumelana okuphelele ne Ensemble we Kremlin.

faceted Chamber

Lesi sakhiwo senzelwe emikhosini enkantolo nemikhosi. It lamiswao esikhathini kusuka 1487 by 1491 Italian abaklami solari futhi Ruffo wengamela ukwakhiwa. Ukwenza empumalanga olungaphambili lwesonto faceted dummy amafasitela Lancet ngokuhlanganyela kanye apharathasi zibangelwa ithonya bokwakha Italy. Ekhulwini lesikhombisa ezindongeni House zaveza yena Ushakov.

Ivan Bell Omkhulu

ukwakhiwa yangaphandle senzelwe ukuze ifanekisele amandla Russia. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, umbhoshongo insimbi kwaba Isakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke e-dolobha odlale indima ebalulekile njengoba main wokubuka-kwemibhoshongo we Kremlin. Sekuvele benchmark ekwakhiweni kwalezi insika-amasonto yonkana isimo.

Assumption Cathedral

Lona main sesonto lobu-Orthodox waseRussia. Yakhiwa imodeli lombhishobhi e uVladimir. Iminyaka yokwakhiwa - 1475-1479. Ngesikhathi Dome emaphakathi esiphambanweni eyayibhalwe igibele ezingeni ukuphakama kwamamitha amane nanhlanu. Ngaphakathi kwezindonga lelithempeli sashada ngo wokubusa ababusi Russian futhi waphakanyiselwa isikhundla Orthodox iziKhulu. Namuhla, lapho bangcwatshwe eziningi yezinzalamizi nababhishobhi basemasontweni lizwe. Bright ihholo emaphakathi ngesineke amakhosi ayikhulu izikebhe zabo.

Kanjani ukuze baye khona?

Likuphi Cathedral Square? Ensemble abahlukile ikhona Insimu eMoscow Kremlin. Kungenzeka ukushayela ibhasi № 6 noma №№ inqola 1, 33 (Stop hamba "endaweni Borovitskaya"), kanye esitimeleni (Zokusebenzela "Alexander Garden", "Borovitskaya", "Arbatskaja", "Library kubo. Lenin ").

isiphetho

Cathedral of the Moscow ezibiyele Square (ibalazwe Ensemble uvezwa sihloko) - iphrojekthi nabafuna izikhundla. Phakathi indaba yakhe ezinhlanu-engamakhulu yena ngokuphindaphindiwe waba yindawo lapho izenzakalo zomlando ezivusa amadlingozi ezazizokushintsha.