Capercaillie Common: incazelo, isithombe

Capercaillie - enye yezinyoni ngobukhulu ezihlala ehlathini. isisindo salo sifinyelela 5 kg. Ordinary Folk grouse unamagama amaningana: Mokhovikov grouse abayizithulu, Moshnikov. Lokhu inyoni inyoni ye-pheasant umndeni (Galliformes oda).

Nasi ngezinhlobo grouse

capercaillie Ordinary - kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu ingenye kwezinhlobo enkulu wildfowl. Buka Capercaillie abavamile ihlukaniswe 3 sub-zinhlobo: white-bellied ukhuni grouse abahlala ezifundeni empumalanga ne-central Russia; ehlathini elimnyama, abahlala ezingxenyeni zasempumalanga futhi enyakatho yezwe; Black-Western Europe (emahlathini ezindaweni entshonalanga yezwe).

Capercaillie Common: izithombe, incazelo

Capercaillie - inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke ye-grouse (subfamily).

Kusukela kwamanye amalungu umsila ihlukile laphetha kakhulu, futhi engavamile izimpaphe side ku emphinjeni.

Izinkuni grouse izimpaphe simnyama wezwakalisa metallic, elikhanyayo obomvu ishiya izimpaphe ngaphansi uqhwaku like "ngesilevu". grouse Female ezinemibala akhanye kakhudlwana (ingxube nokugqwala ophuzi, nokugqwala ansundu, nokugqwala-obomvu nomhlophe). Noqhoqhoqho, engxenyeni engenhla esifubeni ingxenye iphiko babe rzhavovogo umbala obomvu.

Capercaillie abavamile - inyoni usayizi okuyinto abesilisa nabesifazane buhluke kakhulu. Abesilisa 110 cm noma ngaphezulu, namaphiko awo abe neminyaka 1.4 m Abesifazane ingasaphathwa -. 1/3. ikhanda owesilisa blackish. Intamo ohlangothini emuva kuyinto umlotha-grey namabala amnyama, ne phambi - grey-black. Umbala blackish emuva namabala gray nonsundu. Chest uba nombala ogqamile ensimbi, ezinsikeni zawo aphansi embozwe izindawo abamhlophe nabansundu. Umsila kuba mnyama namabala amhlophe, amaphiko ansundu. Uqhwaku lwenhlanzi okuthiwa i simhlophe futhi pink.

Distribution, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo

Capercaillie kuyo ezejwayelekile ngokuvamile emahlathini coniferous, exubile kanye lezihlahla ezintaba zase-Eurasia.

Ekusebenteni, le nyoni umzimba, kodwa kuyenzeka ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi yenza nofuduko kwesizini.

Kudala, Umqeqeshi nezikulufi zazenziwa zonke emahlathini Eurasia, empumalanga yeSiberia neTrans-iBaikal (ingxenye yaso esentshonalanga). Emakhulwini eminyaka th 18-20 kwengcebo Indawo capercaillie ziyancipha kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izindawo ngisho izinyoni wanyamalala. Maphakathi nekhulu le-18 e-UK, lezi zinyoni eyabhujiswa ngokuphelele. Kodwa kamuva, 1837, capercaillie ezivamile kwaphinde ayisungula lapho evela eSweden kahle ngci.

On insimu isiRashiya, ngokuqondene ahlabayo kwamahlathi amaningi, capercaillie labantu waqala siphumele engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe, futhi kwezinye izindawo oseningizimu ihlathi ezindaweni zabo (Tula, Voronezh, eKursk, njll). Lezi izinyoni ziye zanyamalala ngokuphelele. Ngaphandle Russia nase-Sweden, capercaillie lungatholwa eGreece, Spain, i-Alps, ama-Carpathians, e-Asia Minor futhi izintaba Central German.

Grouse uthanda izindawo eziningi ezikude emahlathini.

Isici lokhu entwasahlobo inyoni tokovanie, okuyinto eyenzeka ikakhulukazi emithini. Isethi izici elikhethekile grouse vulgaris.

Ukuziphatha nemikhuba

Ehlobo, ubonakala grouse molt. Ngalesi sikhathi, they bhibha emahlathini ikakhulukazi obukhulu.

Esikhathini esinjalo ebonwe lezi zinyoni ukuziphatha eyinqaba: ngezikhathi ezithile ephakanyiswe umsila bese ngihlaliswa ikhanda lakhe, futhi, wazibuza yona futhi ukugcwala, kanti uhamba kancane emagatsheni.

Ngokuvamile, capercaillie ngalesi sikhathi ngentshiseko lihlabelela ukuthi iba abayizithulu isikhathi esithile. Yingakho igama lalowo-ke: capercaillie. Insikazi, esikhundleni salokho, ifika kuze kube lamanje, lapho kokuzalela senzeka, okwathi ngemva kwalokho babuyela ukuhamba naye futhi wahlela izindawo eziqhele kakhulu futhi kuyo ihlathi lapho kukhona molt yabo.

Capercaillie abavamile ngezikhathi livela emahlathini exubile kanye lezihlahla. Ngiyakuthanda lezi zinyoni futhi bogs moss, okuyinto abacebile ezihlukahlukene amajikijolo.

Flying inyoni esinda kakhulu, ezinomsindo, ngokuvamile akuveza ukubhakuzisa amaphiko abo, futhi ngokuyisisekelo kwenza izindiza ezincane.

grouse zasemini uchitha phansi ahlale ubusuku bonke phezu amagatsha esihlahla. Ngokuvamile izikhathi kuba nolaka ngokweqile ukubukeka nezinye izilwane. Kukhona amacala ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi grouse wazama ukuhlasela izinja kanye nezinye ezifuywayo nezilwane ezincane (izindaba izakhamizi Norwegian).

Capercaillie abavamile esikhundleni zinsizwa, ongezwa kakhulu amehlo. Ngakho-ke, ukuzingela ubhekwa nzima.

yesizukulwane

Ukukhathazeka main ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela ulala nowesifazane. Yena uhlela isidleke phansi, ngokuvamile ngaphansi isembozo kwezihlahla notshani awile, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo futhi izalela amaqanda. Gcwalisa bamba ngokuvamile siqukethe amaqanda mayelana 5-16.

Insikazi incubates amaqanda yena. Wabuye oqhubekayo ekunakekela hatchlings: lifudumeza, ivikela ezilwaneni eziyingozi.

ukudla

Uhlobo main ukudla grouse e entwasahlobo nasehlobo nezikhathi amahlumela izitshalo, imibala ehlukahlukene, ukhuni efihlekile, amaqabunga, utshani, amajikijolo, imbewu kanye izinambuzane. In autumn lezi zinyoni zidla khona ikakhulu izinaliti larch, futhi ebusika basuke bakhangwa ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi and kaphayini izinaliti nezinso. Ingabe amaphuphu ukudla olukhethekile izicabucabu nezinambuzane.

isiphetho

grouse Ordinary ingenye eyigugu kakhulu zinhlobo commercial abazingeli. Kule ndaba, ezindaweni eziningi ezifana eRussia nakwamanye amazwe emhlabeni, sesiye owakhileyo ngempela ezingavamile, kodwa endaweni ethile ngokuphelele wanyamalala, manje kuthathwe izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokuvikela lezi zilwane.

Capercaillie abavamile ebhaliswe Red Encwadi Russia kanye Tula esifundeni. Kuyadingeka ukukhumbula zonke labo uthanda ukuzingela.

Ukuze kuqhutshekwe cwenga ubukhulu, ukugxilisa ingqondo, futhi banikezwe isimo izinyoni eRussia kudinga ukucwaninga enemininingwane futhi isikhathi eside.