Calibre 308 Win: ukubuyekezwa, Ukucaciswa, nokunye

Calibre 308 libhekisela eqenjini elikhulu ukulwa kanye ukuzingela cartridges, okuyinto has a ububanzi ubanzi kakhulu kwesicelo kanye nokusabalalisa. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa eziningi ezifanayo kakhulu izici zayo lobuchwepheshe izinhlobonhlobo izinhlamvu, ithuthukiswe ngesisekelo the wamashumi amathathu osezingeni cartridges esetshenziswa e-US Army ekuqa- XIX - XX eminyaka. Calibre 308 ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene futhi kufanelekile izidingo balelo butho nezinye okuzingela. Lokhu igobolondo ikhishwe cishe zonke izinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ziningi ukulungiswa ezahlukene cartridges enzansi 308 osezingeni amachashazi kuthiwa nezakhi ezihlukene ukuthi abe nethonya elikhulu ku-scope ne-idatha ballistic. Umumo ukuzingela izibhamu zempi, usebenzisa le osezingeni ubanzi kakhulu futhi kubandakanya, phakathi kokunye, izinto ezenzekayo yasekhaya. Lokhu osezingeni kuyinto kwemisebenzi yoMnyango ngezindlela eziningi, kuhlanganise ukunemba shot, ukufinyela kancane, ngaphezulu ukukhanya isisindo izikhali ngaphansi kwalesi igobolondo naseduze ashona ezishintshayo amakhono. Sekuyisikhathi eside abakhiqizi Domestic ukuzingela izikhali ezisetshenziswa bezikhali ubukhulu 308 futhi inikeza ezahlukene nezinhlamvu osezingeni 308 ngesikhathi intengo imali, kanye nokuthuthukisa ezahlukeneyo entsha ngezibhamu kuvumelana ukuthambekela zakamuva ubunye ukuzingela izikhali, kuhlanganise ezahlukeneyo nge imiphongolo nezilandiso kanye yesivalo izibungu.

Ababengaphambi wamashumi amathathu osezingeni

Umlando American wamashumi amathathu gauge iphindela "uhulumeni chuck» 45-70 Hulumende, awuzange uqale kwaze kwaba ngo-1873.

Kwakuyisikhathi izinhlamvu kanzima futhi ephansi amandla ngoba monovalent Springfield sokuzingela sokulwa izici ezilandelayo:

1. osezingeni - 11,63 mm.
2. Powder Charge - 4,54 g
3. Bullet Isisindo - 26,2 g
4. Amandla - 3000 Joules.

Kwaba engumxhasi okuqinisekile zesikhashana lapho kwakukhona esikhundleni black powder ukuze ongenantuthu pyroxylin zilwane. ukusebenza kwalo ballistic futhi ephumula umphumela kuyafana shot inhlamvu shotgun 16 osezingeni. Ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka US Army wayedinga igobolondo omusha, engasindi, ongenantuthu neziqhumane futhi ezincane osezingeni ngezibhamu ukwanda. Ngakho 1892 kwakukhona igobolondo 30-40 Krag sokuzingela Krag-Jorgensen. Kwakuwusuku ilungu bokuqala ozala abashisekeli American osezingeni wamashumi amathathu, owawunesihloko zakudala imikhono ibhodlela emise. Umehluko esemqoka yalolu igobolondo kusukela ngentuthuko okulandelayo kuyenziwa projecting flange ekupheleni ezingemuva emkhonweni. izici zayo zimi kanje:

1. Calibre - 7.8 mm.
2. Ubude - 78,5 mm.
3. Bullet - 6-13 g
4. Izinga kokuqala - 883-820 m / s.
5. isifonyo Energy - 2529 J.

Kwakuyisikhathi abukhali gxuma ububanzi phezulu futhi ukunemba umlilo. Ngezinye ibanga kwamamitha angu-200 uma zokudubula trajectory flat inhlamvu wehlela 2 cm. Amasosha isebenzisa le igobolondo elasetshenziselwa eside, kodwa abazingela izilwane ezinkulu kuze 250 kg isasetshenziswa.

Laba bameleli be-main American osezingeni wamashumi amathathu

Zonke abashisekeli umndeni unezimiso imikhono ibhodlela emise, kanye 30-40 Krag, kodwa abazi ukuthi flange ophumile.

Laba bameleli be-eyinhloko ubukhulu wamashumi amathathu ziye zakhiwa njengendawo izinhlamvu esincane ngoba ekilasini namavolovolo. Lezi cartridges kuhluke ubude emikhonweni, esithinta inani neziqhumane, kanye ukuma, isisindo kanye nomklamo zezibhamu. Umkhono we ngaphandle ophumile flange kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa German futhi yakhelwe ngezibhamu nge umagazini ibhokisi uhlobo Mauser M 98. Omele lokuqala eziningi zakudala steel American osezingeni wamashumi amathathu ezakhiwe ngezibhamu Springfield, okuyizinto amakhophi ngezibhamu oshiwo ngenhla German ne umagazini bhokisi svobodnoskolzyaschim ujikelezisa umshudo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kwakukhona amabili nezinhlamvu enjalo. It ulinganisa 30-03 futhi 30-06 Springfield. Bobabili igobolondo ihluke nomunye ngosayizi futhi ukuma igobolondo inhlamvu. Calibre 30-06 has a emikhonweni emifushane ngu 1.77 mm, kodwa umehluko enkulu kakhulu is klamo izinhlamvu. 30-03 has a esindayo osezingeni ichashazi enesisindo 14.3 g nge isiyingi ikhanda ingxenye. Kulesi ichashazi waphenduka anele ukusebenza high flatness ngokudubula, kepha yena kakhulu izakhiwo kokuma. Lezi zimo zokuma sezishiye umsebenzi walo iDemo lempi futhi maduzane ngeke bendlulela esigabeni ukuzingela izinhlamvu. I last Izinombolo ezimbili zibonisa isiqu osezingeni ngonyaka ukwamukela lezi Wezempi nezinhlamvu. Calibre 30-03 - 1903 emzini Calibre 30-06 - 1906 Ukwamukelwa bamukela entsha igobolondo osezingeni wamashumi amathathu iminyaka emithathu nje kwakubangelwa amachashazi. AmaJalimane ngoba umagazini zabo ngezibhamu waqala ukwenza amachashazi kwakubonisa ukuthi babe lula futhi kwadingeka ukunemba kakhudlwana. E-United States ngokushesha asabela ngayo lapho emisha German futhi wathatha inguqulo yabo igobolondo nge inhlamvu ezicijile enesisindo 9.7 polnoobolochnoy Ngakho kwakukhona ubukhulu 30-06, okuyinto isasetshenziswa njengoba izinhlamvu lempi, kubhekwa kakhulu ukuzingela cartridges emhlabeni.

Inkinga kokukhetha wamashumi amathathu osezingeni izikhali

Iqiniso lokuthi kukhona okuhlukile ezimbili eziyinhloko futhi evamile wamashumi amathathu izinhlamvu osezingeni cishe izici ezifanayo ballistic, kodwa bafuna ukuba ezahlukeneyo ezimbili ezahlukene design chamber kanye nosayizi slide. Lokhu isikhali kuyisinqumo 30-06 gauge kanye gauge 308 siyawina. Le nkinga njalo ezibhekene abazingeli imfundamakhwela, ngoba zinikeza cishe isibhamu okufanayo cartridges ne kuqhubeke efanayo, kodwa yizikhali incike sesibopho ukuthobisa uhlobo oluthile nezinhlamvu. Ukuze lesi simo okubangelwa ukuphoxeka kancane, kudingeka uchaze ukuthi kungani le nkinga sekukhona nhlobo. Ukuze ukusola-United States, njengoba bobabili cartridges enzelwe ukulwa isikhali for US Army. Calibre igobolondo 308 inguqulo selithi 30-06 geji. okufushane Efinqiwe yavela ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, lapho izidingo lempi wayedinga igobolondo entsha Lesisemkhatsini nge umthelela buthaka ngesisekelo okuyinto kwakunokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa uhlelo olusha kwezikhali okuzenzakalelayo. emikhonweni emifishane kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudala othomathikhi compact ngenxa unhlangothi esifushane-slide, kanye buthakathaka amandla nomlomo kudala izimfanelo nakakhulu kwesisindo isikhali. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-50-yalolucwaningo we ubukhulu 308 wamukelwa US Army nakwamanye amazwe - amalungu NATO. Lokhu igobolondo isasetshenziswa yemishini, izibhamu kanye sniper izibhamu eNtshonalanga. On isisindo kuqhubeke abazingela izikhali ukushintsha isampula wamashumi amathathu ubukhulu osezingeni igobolondo 1906 cishe awukho umphumela. Yingakho kukhona ezimbili imizuliswano osezingeni, zenziwa cishe isibhamu elifanayo ezahlukene unhlangothi ubude slide ngaphansi kwazo.

Lesikali 308 lihlukile win 30-06 gauge isicelo ukuzingela

Calibre 30-06 isampula 1906 has izici ezilandelayo:

1. Kala - 7,62 mm (ubukhulu esisebenzayo - 7,82 mm).
2. Ubude igobolondo - 84,84 mm.
3. emikhonweni obuphelele - 63,35 mm.
4. Okungenzeka isisindo ububanzi amachashazi - 6,54-16,2 idolobha
5. Izinga kokuqala - 820-976 m / s.
6. Ububanzi nomlomo amandla - J. 3200-4126.
7. Amandla ngesandla ukuhlomisa oyifunayo ichashazi igobolondo lokunyathelisa nenani kudingekile powder.

Calibre 308 win has izici ezilandelayo:

1. Kala - 7,62 mm (ubukhulu esisebenzayo - 7,82 mm).
2. Ubude igobolondo - 71,05 mm.
3. emikhonweni obuphelele - 51,18 mm.
4. Uhla ichashazi izinsimbi - 6,54-13, le
5. Izinga kokuqala - 800-950 m / s.
6. isifonyo Energy - 3600 J.

umehluko Minor umehluko intengo

It cartridges anezici lobuchwepheshe efanayo kanye nokusebenza kwabo ballistic Cishe efanayo. Calibre 30-06 unekhono ukuhlomisa amachashazi laba nzima, kodwa izinzuzo kuya osezingeni emlonyeni 308 zingenzeka kuphela uma amandla elihambisana ubude umgqomo nge twist ehambisana ne ukusetshenziswa powder ekhethekile amandla omlilo eyaqinisa. Umehluko obalulekile kakhulu phakathi kwalezi zikhali kuyinto izindleko zabo nokutholakala emakethe Russian. Ngenisa 308 osezingeni okuzingela lingaphansi kuka 30-06. Kodwa kokubili izinhlamvu calibers yasekhaya, okuyinto ishibhile kunangabangamashumi amazwe zihluke kakhulu ngekhwalithi. Ngo ngokubona abazingeli, 30-06 ukukhiqizwa osezingeni Barnaul ngensimbi icala has a lot of izikhalazo ku ukunemba sokudubula, inani ukubambezeleka Ukudutshulwa yesivalo Amathuba Jamming. Kodwa yasekhaya Calibre 308 has a kancane kakhulu okwanelisayo izinga. Lapho ekhetha izikhali wamashumi amathathu osezingeni American kufanele bacabangele lukhulu intengo izinhlamvu obukhona phakathi izinga amazwe cartridges .30-06 osezingeni lasezindlini izinhlamvu osezingeni 308, liphinde izinga eyamukelekayo ngempela. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, umehluko izici ballistic kuyoba asihlobene. Ngaphansi version mfushane umxhasi American osezingeni wamashumi amathathu ukuzingela izinhlamvu emakethe kukhona inkululeko ebanzi ekukhetheni onobuhle kwezikhali.

kuqhubeke

Kuqhubeke Calibre 308 has a ngokucacile ezithile. ichashazi Ukulahlekelwa isivinini 308 osezingeni futhi yayo offset kusukela indiza ovundlile incike isisindo inhlamvu, hlobo yayo futhi amakhono a igobolondo ethile. Ithebula ubonisa izici ngokuqhathanisa ezahlukene nezinhlamvu ballistic ngesikhathi zokudubula ibanga kwamamitha angu-200 futhi twist of 12 amasentimitha.

Kusukela lelingenhla libonisa ukuthi kuqhubeke ngo-308 osezingeni cartridges ezivela abakhiqizi ezahlukene zingase zihluke kakhulu ngenxa ezahlukene isisindo amachashazi esetshenziswa, bobunjwa zabo ezahlukene kanye nobungako ezahlukene kanye nekhwalithi powder. 308 osezingeni ukusebenza ballistic zokukhiqiza ezifuywayo cartridges cartridges kancane phansi kunabaphostoli amazwe, okuyinto ziboniswa etafuleni.

Izinzuzo ukuzingela izikhali izinhlelo 308 osezingeni

308 osezingeni ukuzingela ngezibhamu kungaba nande, othomathikhi, semiautomatic futhi singly futhi kuhlanganiswe imiphongolo eziningana osezingeni ezahlukene. Self-loading ngezibhamu othomathikhi ngaphansi mfushane osezingeni wamashumi amathathu ashaya ngokunembile ngenxa ukubuyiselwa aphansi. Carabiner 308 osezingeni ukuzingela enezinto eziningi nezinye izinzuzo. Single-shot carbines abe valve ukukhanya ngemivimbo iDemo nolwenza ukunciphisa ubude nesisindo isikhali ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukunemba. Igobolondo 308 kuyinto osezingeni ukwahlukahlukana. Ngaphansi lingatholakala njengoba isibhamu esisodwa-shot nge esangweni nendawo beya, futhi nge thwi beya. Carbines 308 osezingeni nge yesivalo mpo kuyinto compact ikakhulukazi, isisindo ukukhanya elishajekayo buthule, akapholisanga maseko, futhi entwasahlobo nomthelela lokhu kungaba ngesimo omfisha, hhayi Kuvunguza, okwenza nokwethenjelwa uhlelo. Kukhona izinzuzo eziningi ukuthi une Calibre 308 Izibuyekezo abazingeli abonisa ukuthi ukwehluleka esitolo lezi cartridges kulula ukushaja ekamelweni ngesandla, esisodwa ngesikhathi, kodwa cartridges eside ezifana .30-06 osezingeni nabanye, le ndlela akuyona kahle noma cha nhlobo kuyinto engenakwenzeka ngenxa ubude. Futhi omunye inzuzo eyengeziwe. Ezitolo ngaphansi izibhamu eside cartridges kaningi kukhona ukusonteka of ethambile igobolondo amachashazi nokuhamba ngokuzenzekelayo ekamelweni, esithinta ukunemba ingacaci. Kakhulu kangakanani okwanelisayo yini kuloku osezingeni 308 Izibuyekezo ochwepheshe omuhle ukulinganisa kuyinto 308 osezingeni kulesi sici kuka izinguqulo eside 30-geji.

308 osezingeni isikhali izinhlelo nge imiphongolo nezilandiso

308 osezingeni igobolondo kwaba njalo kuhambisana mikhuba ekuthuthukiseni ukuzingela izikhali. Zonke kuthandwa uhlelo jikelele, ungasebenzisa amanye calibers ethandwa kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zazo. Kukhona amaphethini ezingaba ilungiswe emkhakheni okungenani ku-carbine 308 osezingeni, okungenani 30-06 carbine hummingbird, kanye ukushintsha osezingeni umgqomo. Ngokwesibonelo, e Browning Maral uhlelo ikhithi kuhlanganisa imiphongolo nezilandiso kanye yesivalo isibungu. indlela yayo kakhulu efana lo mshini AK, kodwa kukhona kudivayisi igesi eziqhutshwa. Lesi sikhathi ashona Kwenziwa ngesandla ngokudonsa ibhawudo emuva naphambili. Phakathi ngentuthuko basezindlini ngokunakekelwa imiphongolo nezilandiso kanye yesivalo izibungu kungenziwa ngokuthi ukukhiqizwa carbine othomathikhi VPO "The Hammer". Lena esiyingqayizivele ukuzingela izikhali zokukhiqiza isiRashiya seboy carbine othomathikhi ngokugcwele umagazini Ukubonakalisa indlela, okuyinto ongasebenza ngayo njengoba isibhamu 308-osezingeni, kanye carabiner 223 iNsalela futhi 20H76. Lokhu - kanti isibhamu, futhi izinhlobo ezimbili mbutho e uhlelo olulodwa, wabulawelwa ilayisensi eyodwa.

twist elikhulu 308 gauge

Kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzona ngokuba neziqu nge twist osezingeni 308th, kusuka 10 kuya 14 intshi emgqonyeni obuphelele. Twist - inhlamvu revolution ngokugcwele emhlabeni axis awo, okuyinto lenzani lapho ushayela emgqonyeni. Ngenxa yalokho, twist-10 intshi - lena ichashazi ithuba eliphelele umgqomo, okwenza ichashazi ngemuva kokuphumelela eziyishumi run esiqwini. I usinde eside inhlamvu, omfushane kumele kube isenzakalo. Ukuze sithole twist eliphezulu 308 gauge, odinga ukukwazi uhlobo inhlamvu, okuyinto ikakhulukazi elisetshenziswa ekuzingeleni. Standard ichashazi isisindo 168 Grand Prix angabhekwa elilungile yi osezingeni 308. Izimpendulo basikisela ukuthi lokhu slug ephansi kungenzeka twist kuyoba ulingana 14 amayintshi. amachashazi Lighter salokhu twist ngeke perestabilizirovannymi, kodwa kuqhubeke bangeqi ukubekezelelana. Ukuze amachashazi ngoyisiwula kusinda osezingeni 308 kakade kudingeka okungaphezu twist iDemo. Abazingeli abaningi bathi i-308 12-osezingeni twist ezidingekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-carbine Chezet 550 gauge 308 e ukulungiswa ehlukahlukene zivame ukuliveza njengesibonelo. ngezibhamu Czech kuhluke esangweni jikelele ngaphansi ezahlukene obuphelele 308 osezingeni amachashazi, okuyinto kukodwa ngempela omkhulu. Ukuze wehlise isisindo isikhali, le armorers Czech wasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile ukukhiqiza imiphini mncane-ngabafaka, esithinta kakhulu kuqhubeke we okweqile besikhashana emgqonyeni. Ukuze ukuzingela commercial idinga isiqu obukhulu, emehlweni elula, lapho ungakwazi ngokushesha ukubamba lonke inhloso, indlela failsafe umshudo ngoba eshibhe 30-osezingeni igobolondo, okuyinto 308 osezingeni. Twist kumele yenzelwe isisindo esiphezulu futhi ubude amachashazi. Nge zonke izinzuzo nezingozi ukuzingela ngezibhamu osezingeni 308 Kufanele kukhethwe nge twist-12 intshi ezonikeza shot esinokwethenjelwa izinhlamvu yasekhaya ifakwe amachashazi yasekhaya. Ngezinye 308, a amachashazi osezingeni uhlanganyela lokuzikhethela ngesikhathi intengo imali, ngakho 12 twist - kungcono amathuba amaningi isikhali.

Izinga ukunemba - 308 Remington osezingeni

Ukuzingela izikhali ngaphansi 308 gauge kusuka "Remington" inkampani inebanga ocebile kakhulu imodeli ezahlukeneyo. Rolling onobuhle eziyisisekelo yesivalo singly futhi umagazini ngezibhamu wale nkampani kusekelwe eyakhayo Mauser sokuzingela yasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-20. 308 osezingeni ikuvumela ukudala ezahlukene izikhali, ezisukela kwezemidlalo onobuhle nokudoba izikhali, isici okuzingela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho eMelika. Ukunemba Remington ngezibhamu ngaphansi igobolondo 308th akunakuqhathaniswa. Phakathi 3000 zamadola kungatholakala ngaphansi sokuzingela Remington 308 osezingeni cishe kunoma yisiphi izinjongo empini, kuhlanganise ukuzingela, ezemidlalo kanye ukuzivikela. Ukunemba okuphezulu kungenxa ukwethembela US izingalo yesiko kanye ihlangabezana NATO zempi, lapho igobolondo 308 kuyinto izinhlamvu ezinkulu izibhamu izibhamu ukuze. emikhonweni Efinqiwe ngaphandle Flanges ngesikhathi osezingeni 30 kunikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu onjiniyela ukwakha izikhali enokwethenjelwa futhi ukucacisa, ukugxila ezidingweni emkhakheni abangekho empini. ongakhetha kushibhile yasekhaya izinhlamvu osezingeni 308 nge efanayo nozakwabo entshonalanga izici ballistic ukwandisa izinzuzo elingenakuphikwa 308 osezingeni for abazingeli eRussia. kahle engaqinile, ukunemba kwawo kanye izinkomba eziqinile ngoba icala lokwenziwa 308 osezingeni esisemqoka zonke izicelo, kuhlanganise ukuzingela hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ezokuvikela.