Bronchiectasis - Iyini? bronchiectasis wamaphaphu

ezifo zivame ezilotshwe imithi yesimanje ngokuthi "bronchiectasis". Lesi isimo esiyingozi esakheka ngokumelene okwenza izifo ezihlukahlukene umgudu wokuphefumula. Yiqiniso, iziguli ebhekene nalo uphethwe, ngifuna yiluphi ulwazi mayelana izingozi, izimpawu kanye uphulukisa lesi sifo.

Bronchiectasis - Iyini?

Nge zinkinga ehilela eziningi izifo umgudu wokuphefumula. What do iziguli ebhekene ukuxilongwa "bronchiectasis"? Lesi simo sihambisana ukunwetshwa enamandla ezindaweni bronchi ngenxa umonakalo odongeni bronchial.

Ukugula kungathinta izingxenye ezahlukene bronchi, kodwa ukunwetshwa ezindongeni bronchioles osayizi isilinganiso evamise uyalandelwa. Inqubo ephathelene nokulahlekelwa izicubu kuyaqina. Ngokwezibalo, amadoda zokugula esinjalo okurekhodiwe okumayelana 3 izikhathi kaningi ngaphezu wobulili obuhlukile. Ngokuvamile egula kwesokunxele wamaphaphu, kodwa ilungelo wamaphaphu bronchiectasis lingaphansi ezivamile. Ochwepheshe bathi izibalo ezifana ukuze mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi we bronchus kwesokunxele lincane kakhulu futhi yakha constriction kule site bokuphila umfula yamaphaphu of Ukuphakama kwephimbo.

Ngeshwa, kusuka bronchiectasis kuyaqabukela kungenzeka ukuqeda ngokuphelele, kodwa ngosizo ukwelashwa kukhethwe kahle ungayeka inqubo nolokubhujiswa odongeni bronchial.

Izimbangela zesifo

Bronchiectasis kungaba azalwa naso noma bathenga. Ingabe ukhuluma ngani anomalies azalwa naso, ke kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa khona kwezinso zofuzo bokuphila. Bronchiectasis sivame ukuba izingane abaphethwe cystic fibrosis futhi mzimba ukuntula uthi, kanye eziningi nezinye izifo, kuhlanganise Young Syndrome, Marfan, Kartagener.

Ngazuza bronchiectasis ezingamahlalakhona ngokuvamile eba ku isizinda nezifo zokuphefumula, kuhlanganise i-pneumonia, isifo sofuba, ukukhwehlela whooping. Izinto eziyingozi ezingabangela i zihlanganisa nezifo nomzimba. I zokugula kungenzeka ehambisana nokuba khona izimila bronchial okuyinto kuthiye ukudlula komoya kanye isikhwehlela. Ukuze uhlu izizathu zihlanganisa futhi omzimba izifo, kuhlanganise ingculaza.

Bronchiectasis akuyona njalo elihlobene ne kwezinso yaleli pheshana zokuphefumula ngqo. Ukunwetshwa odongeni bronchial kungaholela kusuka nesifo okuqhubekayo esidalwa yizilonda emathunjini sibe, isifo samathambo, isifo Crohn, isifo staphylococcal, kungakhathaliseki indawo, hiatus hernia e diaphragm. Izinto eziyingozi ezingabangela i zihlanganisa eziluthayo (ukusebenzisa uphuzo ngokweqile, ukubhema, ukudla izidakamizwa), ingozi ubuthi by isisi esinobuthi.

kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba udokotela ukuze kutholakale imbangela izinguquko sokugembula ze- bronchi, ngoba ngezindlela eziningi incike impumelelo ukwelashwa.

Izimpawu eyinhloko bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis - a zokugula esakheka kancane kancane. Ezigabeni zokuqala kungenzeka ezinye izimpawu nobuntu lingekho ngokuphelele. Iziguli ngokuvamile uhlushwa izifo zemigudu yokuphefumula, kuhlanganise i-pneumonia futhi pleurisy. Ukucinana kwemigudu yomoya emaphashini ne bronchiectasis - futhi nesenzakalo njalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwaba khona ukwanda osenyameni isikhwehlela, ikakhulukazi abandayo, isimo sezulu ezimanzi. Ngokuvamile uzophawula kwesifuba ngesikhathi ukuhogela futhi exhaling.

Njengoba isifo siqhubeka, weziguli wabika ukubukeka ukukhwehlela - nokuhlaselwa kakhulu ekuseni ahambisana ukukhululwa kwe eliningi isikhwehlela muco-ubovu. Ukuba Wedwa ngokuvamile ube nephunga edabukisayo.

Izinguquko Ezenzeka izindonga bronchial kuthinte umoyampilo ezivezwa emzimbeni. Hypoxia kulandelwa kuyadamba jikelele - Iziguli esekhala buthaka njalo, ukozela, isiyezi, njalo. Isikhumba isiguli okhanyayo, ngezinye izikhathi eqala umbala bluish. Izimpawu zihlanganisa iphika, futhi ukuthi izigaba kamuva yentuthuko iba unomphela nomuntu sikhathazeke kuphela ngesikhathi umsebenzi ngokomzimba, kodwa futhi uphumule.

esigabeni isifo

Odokotela izigaba ezintathu zesifo:

• Isigaba sokuqala kuhambisana izilonda bronhoetaza izingqimba mucosa bronchial. izimpawu ejwayelekile cishe akukho nhlobo, futhi kakhulu inkambo isifo kubhekwa kungavamile ukuba ingozi.
• Ngesikhathi qophelo nqubo ebhubhisayo yesibili kakade kuthinta yonke ukushuba we izindonga imithambo emaphashini. Iziguli esekhala inyumoniya yangasese futhi wandise ivolumu yansuku zonke isikhwehlela khulula.
• Ngesikhathi esigabeni sesithathu senqubo sokugembula siyenzeka hhayi kuphela bronchi - isakazekela eduze wamaphaphu izicubu. Iziguli ukuvuvukala okungamahlalakhona, ukukhononda ezinkulu isikhwehlela fetid. Kulesi sigaba, ezivame ukubonakala ukukhwehlela igazi.

Ukwahlukaniswa bronchiectasis

Kukhona izikimu eziningana Ukwahlukaniswa lokhu egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Njengoba sekushiwo, bronchiectasis kungenzeka azalwa naso noma bathenga. Ngezinye izikhathi nqubo ebhubhisayo ihlanganisa ingxenye encane kakhulu ze- bronchi, kodwa ungakwazi luhlanganise nabanye izingxenye ipheshana zokuphefumula (kuleli cala, it is a bronchiectasis ezinkulu). Mhlawumbe ukubukeka izilonda amaningi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene bronchi.

Kuye ngezinga of izimpawu, secrete amafomu imnene, ngokulinganisela futhi ezinzima zokugula. Kuye Pathomorphology, bronchiectasis kungenzeka atrophic noma hypertrophic.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma isifo ingelashwa kungase kube nemiphumela eyingozi, kuhlanganise ne-emphysema yamaphaphu, ukopha olubanzi, amyloidosis yesibili, zokuphefumula futhi senhliziyo.

Bronchiectasis: Laboratory Yokucwaninga nowezinsimbi

Ukuxilongwa lesi sifo - inqubo eside. Phakathi behlolwa isimiso, udokotela wakho ungaqaphela ezinye izinguquko ekubukekeni isiguli - esifubeni lesi sijame njengebhoksi emgqonyeni, washintsha phalanges (esimweni ezigabeni kamuva yentuthuko isifo). Lapho isazi luhlolo auscultatory uthi ukuphefumula kanzima futhi khona rales ezimanzi.

Ngokuphathelene uphethwe laboratory, isiguli yokuqala iqondiswa ukuhlolwa igazi. Against isizinda bronhektaza waphawula ukwanda erythrocyte sedimentation izinga, ukwanda isibalo egazi amhlophe bese kwegazi, okuyinto kuhlobene-mpilo yokulamba komzimba. E-laboratory isikhwehlela kuyabonakala ukuthi ukudedelwa has a isakhiwo emithathu ungqimba.

amasu ahlukahlukene wezinsimbi asetshenziselwa uphethwe wokugcina. Ulwazi kuyinto esifubeni X-ray, onikeza ithuba ubone izindawo cystic, ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona izinhlumba nezandiso bronchial ukunquma noshintsho iphethini semithambo. bronchoscopy Ngaphezu kwalokho kwenziwe (yangaphakathi ukuhlolwa bronchus nge endoscope) kanye tomography ngekhompyutha.

ukwelashwa

ukuphathwa okulondoloza kuncike kakhulu nesigaba lesi sifo. Ngokuvamile, iziguli kuyabekwa imithi mncane lo isikhwehlela. immunomodulators kabanzi, izakhiwo multivitamin. Ephambi kwezinduna yebhaktheriya, kwaze kwangenelela ezinye iziguli isifo kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane - the macrolides ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ( "Azithromycin") futhi fluoroquinolones pneumotropic ( "moxifloxacin" "Levofloxacin").

Ingxenye ebalulekile yokwelapha kuyinto nokusizwa kwalabo abangaboni amashubhu bronchial, umuntu akakwazi ugweme yokujama tsi ka phlegm emaphashini - Iziguli ezingamadoda ebekiwe amaseshini gqwa isixwayisi massage. Lula isikhwehlela usizo futhi esikhethiwe efanele Physiotherapy. ukuphathwa bronchiectasis ngempela kuhilela ukuphefumula izivivinyo. Lapho wokufaka we umgudu inesikhala ubovu uquqaba eyenziwa mikrodrenazh ngemithi elwa namagciwane kanye antiseptics. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-ejenti mucolytic yethulwe zingene inesikhala we bronchus kanye enzyme proteolytic ukuthi Ziyancibilika isikhwehlela expectoration futhi lula ke.

Ngakho iphathwa bronchiectasis. Uphenyo odokotela bathi uma ethole ukwelashwa okufanele kungaba kwenziwe ukuze alulame uhlelo okuvamile zokuphefumula.

kokungenela Steel kanye nezici zayo

Hhayi njalo izindlela olandelanayo yokwelashwa ukusiza babhekane nalesi zokugula njengoba bronchiectasis. Operation nje kudingekile ngezinye izikhathi. Kuye kube sezingeni ukulimala, udokotela angase atuse ukuba ukususwa ephelele iphaphu noma resection olungaphelele ezindaweni ezithintekile ze- bronchi.

ukuphathwa Steel kwezifo ezifana nzima ngokwanele ngemva kokuba isiguli sidinga nokuvuselelwa eside.

Ukudla iziguli

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa bronchiectasis ngempela kuhlanganisa ekudleni esifanele. Ukudla kuzomele sifake inombolo enkulu ukudla amaprotheni, kodwa kutuswa inciphise amafutha kanye 90 amagremu ngosuku.

Esikhathini imenyu kufanele kube ukudla samanje ngaphezulu unothile ngamavithamini B no-, futhi ascorbic acid. Iziguli kufanele belulekwe ukuba badle izithelo eluhlaza nemifino, baphuze ayo fresh. kuzomele sifake isibindi ku imenyu. Isetshenziselwa ukuphuza Iziphungo kakolweni bran, futhi zasendle rose.

izinyathelo

Ngeshwa, azikho nemithi olungavimba ukuthuthukiswa isifo. Kodwa kumelwe siyaqonda ukuthi bronchiectasis - lena zokugula sina, yikuphi okulula ukuvimbela. Iziguli namaqembu ingozi Kunconywa ukuba bangayeki imikhuba emibi (enjengokubhema), balandele yokudla kanye ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba nokwenza imigomo zokuvimbela ngokumelene izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kuhlanganise ukukhwehlela whooping, umkhuhlane, isimungumungwana, kanye nabanye.

Iziguli kakade welashwa kufanele zibhaliswe ne udokotela, kathathu ngonyaka, wedlula ukuhlolwa futhi nginikela cwaningo. Abantu ne bronchiectasis ekhona e ukuthethelelwa kudingeka gqwa yokulungiswa bronchi, izinqubo physiotherapeutic, prophylactic ukwelashwa kulesi sibhedlela.