Bobani Salafis, Sunnis, Shiites, Alawites kanye Wahhabis? Umehluko phakathi Sunnis kanye Salafis

Izwe Islamic has izinkolo eziningi. Iqembu ngalinye has ukubukwa ayo okholweni lesifanele. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaSulumane unokuqonda ezahlukene ngokuyisisekelo inkolo yabo, tiyashayisana. Ngezinye izikhathi abalutholayo anamandla amakhulu ukuqeda ukuchitheka kwegazi.

ukungavumelani kwangaphakathi phakathi abamele ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba Muslim, ngisho nangaphezu kokubhema nabantu bezinye izinkolo. Ukuze uqonde umehluko ku ukubukwa yamaSulumane, kubalulekile ukuba uhlole ngobani Salafis, Sunni, Wahhabi, Shia futhi Alawites. Indlela ayeqonda ngayo izici kokholo ibe imbangela izimpi fratricidal, sandla resonance emazweni omhlaba.

Umlando ukungqubuzana

Ukuze uthole ukuthi abenza lo Salafis, Shiites, Sunnis, Alawites, Wahhabis kanye nabanye abameleli imibono Islamic, kufanele abheke ekuqaleni ingxabano.

Ngonyaka ka-632 BC. e. Prophet Muhammad wafa. abalandeli bakhe baqala unqume ukuthi ubani kuyoba owalandela umholi wabo. Ekuqaleni, Salafis, Alawites nezinye izindawo wayengakamazi khona. Kwaqale kwafika Sunnis kanye Shiites. Eyokuqala kubhekwe owalandela kumuntu umprofethi abaqokelwe sompristi. Futhi laba bantu babe ku-iningi. Izinto eziningi ezincane kakhulu ngesikhathi laba labammele umbono ohlukile. Shia waqala ukukhetha owalandela Muhammad naphakathi kwezihlobo zakhe. Imam ngabo kwaba umzala of the Prophet okuthiwa Ali. Ngaleso sikhathi, abalandeli lokhu kubukwa nabizelwa Shia Ali.

Ingxabano siphakamisele ngonyaka 680, lapho indodana ka-Imam Ali, ogama lakhe lalingu-Hussein, owabulawa Sunnis. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni iqiniso lokuthi ngisho namuhla mehluko ezithinta umphakathi, isimiso somthetho, umndeni kanye nokunye. D. Isinqumo elite babhekana ukuhlukunyezwa abamele engqubuzanayo. Ngakho-ke, umhlaba Islamic zingaqiniseki kuze kube yilolu suku.

ukubukwa Modern ngokwahlukana

Njengoba inkolo ngobukhulu ukuthula, Islam ekugcineni eyaqanjwa amahlelo amaningi, Amathrendi nokubukwa okushiwo inkolo. Salafis futhi Sunnis, umehluko phakathi kwabo kuzoxoxwa ngezansi, yaqala inkathi ezahlukene isikhathi. Sunnis babe isiqondiso ekuqaleni ayisisekelo, kanye Salafists eyavela kamuva kakhulu. Popular namuhla icatshangelwe ziyingozi ukunyakaza. Izazi zenkolo abaningi bathi Salafi futhi Wahhabi amaSulumane Ungashayela kuphela inqolobane enkulu. Ukuvela imiphakathi engokwenkolo yiso ngenxa Islam amahlelo.

Esikhathini ngokoqobo isimo sezombangazwe samanje kuba amaqembu ziyingozi amaSulumane kungaba ibe imbangela ukungqubuzana olunegazi eMpumalanga. Sinenkosi imithombo yezimali eside futhi angafeza inguquko, emisa ukubusa yayo phezu amazwe amaSulumane.

Umehluko phakathi Sunnis kanye Salafis mikhulu, kodwa efika kuqala. Ucwaningo ezijulile izimiso zabo siyavela isithombe ehluke ngokuphelele. Ukuze uqonde ke, kufanele ucabangele izimfanelo ngamunye ezindaweni.

Sunnis nezinkolelo zabo

Elikhulu kunawo wonke (cishe u-90% Muslims) kuyinto iqembu Islam Sunnis. Balandela indlela uMprofethi futhi bakubone Injongo yayo enkulu.

Eyesibili incwadi ngemva ngobunyoninco siyinhloko lo mkhuba esivuna inkolo-Sunnah. Ekuqaleni, elikuqukethe badlula ngamazwi, bese eyakhishwa ngesimo hadith. Amalungu ezindaweni ezifana kakhulu sensitive mithombo ezimbili inkolo yabo. Uma Qur'an and Sunnah akudingeki impendulo yimuphi umbuzo, abantu abavunyelwe isinqumo indlela yakhe yokucabanga.

Sunnis zihluke Shia Salafis kanye nezinye izinhlangano zenkululeko indlela cazelo of hadith. Kwamanye amazwe iinjamiso ezilandelako, esekelwe impilo isibonelo Prophet, wafika ukuqonda okungokoqobo okushiwo ukulunga. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho ubude nesilevu imininingwane izingubo besilisa babe nse iziqondiso Sunnah. Lena umehluko zabo eziyinhloko.

Sunni, Shia, Salafi nezinye izindawo banemibono engafani ngobuhlobo Allah. AmaSulumane iningi kukhona oyikholelwayo ukuthi bezibona izwi likaNkulunkulu akudingeki nomlomo, ukuze amandla idluliselwa ngokubamba ukhetho.

Shiites futhi amafilosofi abo

Ngokungafani Sunnis, le Shiites bakholelwa ukuthi amandla waphezulu udluliselwa izindlalifa uMprofethi. Ngakho-ke, bayalivuma kungenzeka incazelo bezimiso zawo. Kungaba kuphela ukwenza labo abantu abanale ilungelo elikhethekile.

Isibalo Shiites emhlabeni usuthathelwa egatsheni Sunni. Salafis ofanayo Islam kakhulu kunokusebenza ukubukwa mayelana nokuchazwa imithombo ukholo Kwakufana Shiites. Lesi sakamuva neyaziwayo ilungelo uMprofethi, abaholi eqenjini labo, ukuba balamuli phakathi kukaNkulunkulu nabantu izindlalifa. Ziyakwazi ngokuthi imams.

Salafis futhi Sunnis bakholelwa ukuthi Shiites zavumela ezintsha obungemthetho ekuqondeni Sunnah. Ngakho-ke, imibono yabo ngakho waphikiswa. Kukhona namahlelo amaningi nokunyakaza, athathelwe isisekelo ukuqonda inkolo Shiite. Lezi zihlanganisa Alawites, Ismailis, Ngini, Druze, Shaykhism nabanye abaningi.

Lokhu ehlukanisa isiqondiso Muslim amadrama. Ngosuku Ashura, le Shiites emazweni ahlukahlukene ukuchitha ukulila senzo. Kuyinto enzima, inqubo ngokomzwelo, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho abahlanganyeli beat igazi yabo ngamaketanga futhi izinkemba.

Abamele kokubili ezindaweni Sunni and Shiite yakhiwa sebuningini amaqembu, okuyinto ngisho akunakubangelwa inkolo ethile. Kuzo zonke ezicashile nzima ukuwaqonda, ngisho nalapho cwaningo kwetheksthi ukubukwa ngayinye igagasi Muslim.

Alawites

Salafis futhi Alawites ezibhekwa zezinhlangano zenkolo entsha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, banayo eziningi izimiso, ezifana izindlela Orthodox. Alawite izazi eziningi ubheke abalandeli izimfundiso Shiite. Nokho, ngenxa izimiso zalo akhethekile kungathiwa inkolo ehlukile. Ukufana indawo Alawite Shia Muslim inkululeko esiboniswe ngomhla Quran kanye neziqondiso Sunnah.

Leli qembu yenkolo isici esasenza, yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "takyyya". Kuyinto ikhono ukwenza rites nezinye izinkolelo Alawite, kuyilapho kulondolozwa imibono yabo eshaweni. Lena iqembu avaliwe, lapho kukhona iqoqo izinkomba nemibono.

Sunni, Shia, Salafi, Alawites kuyaphikisana nezinye. Lokhu kubonakala ngendlela ngokwezinga elikhulu noma elincane. Alawites ngokuthi konkulunkulu abaningi, ngokuvumelana abameleli izinkomba olukhulu, babe umonakalo omkhulu ukuze umphakathi Muslim ngaphandle "infidels."

It ngempela ukholo ahlukene inkolo. Alawites ehlangana zibe uhlelo lwayo izakhi Islam nobuKristu. They kholwa Ali Muhammad futhi Salman al-isiFarsi, kuyilapho siphawula Easter, Christmas, ukuhlonipha Isaya (uJesu) kanye nabaphostoli. Ekukhulekeleni Alawites zingafunda iVangeli. Sunnis kungaba ephila ngokuthula ne Alawites. Ukungqubuzana instigate umphakathi nolaka abanomqondo ovulekile, ezifana Wahhabis.

Salafis

Sunnis baye elakhiwe eziningi izindawo ngaphakathi kweqembu zabo ezingokwenkolo ukuze lapho amaSulumane ezahlukene kakhulu eyakhe. Salafis ungomunye inhlangano enjalo.

Bakha imibono yabo eyisisekelo ekhulwini th 9-14. Imibono yamaKhomanisi zabo eziyisisekelo isimiso kubhekwa ukulandela indlela yokuphila yokuhlonipha okhokho abangasekho, owayehola khona ngakhethi.

Ezweni, kuhlanganise eRussia, kukhona abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-50 Salafis. Bona cha amukela phi ezintsha mayelana nokuchazwa okholweni. Lokhu isiqondiso libizwa ayisisekelo. Salafis akholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa, ukugxeka abanye imisinga Muslim, okuvumela wena ukwenza nokuchazwa Qur'an and Sunnah. Ngokombono wabo, uma ezinye izindawo kulezi amathempelana engaqondakali ukuthi indoda, kufanele yokutholwa kwindlela umbhalo uvezwa.

Ezweni lethu, ama-Muslim lo mkhuba, kunabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-20. Yiqiniso, Salafis eRussia futhi iyikhaya nemiphakathi emincane. Okuningi kwenqatshwa babangela akuzona amaKristu futhi "infidels" Shiites nemikhiqizo yabo agobhoze.

Wahhabis

Omunye izinkomba entsha Wahhabis olukhulu abambele inkolo yamaSulumane. Ziyakwazi unganakile afana Salafists. Wahhabis ongaphika ezintsha okholweni, belwela umqondo monotheism. Abanaso ukwamukela konke wayengekho Islam yasekuqaleni. Nokho, isici esiphawula leli Wahhabis is bo ahluthuke nokuqonda kwabo izimiso eziyisisekelo ukholo Muslim.

Lokhu kuvele ngesikhathi ngekhulu le-18. It ukunyakaza pobornicheskoe evela umshumayeli Nejad Muhammad Abdel Wahhab. Wayefuna "nihlanze" Islam kusukela ezintsha. Ngaphansi kwalolu siqubulo, behlela ukuvukela, lapho bathunjwa yi emazweni angomakhelwane we isiziba of Al-Qatif.

Ekhulwini le-19 ukuhamba Wahhabi egqilazwe ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Iminyaka engu-150 kamuva, wakwazi ukuphinde avuselele imibono Al Saud Abdelaziiz. Wanqoba abaphikisi bakhe e Central Arabia. Ngo-1932 idaliwe uhulumeni Saudi Arabia. Ngo ukuthuthukiswa lamafutha Amasimu lwemali US agelezela emfuleni Wahhabi clan.

In the 70s kwekhulu elidlule, ngesikhathi impi e-Afghanistan, izikole Salafi Kwamiswa. Ayefaka uhlobo olukhulu nemibono Wahhabi. Fighters abazimisele lezi zikhungo, ebizwa ngokuthi mujahideen. Lokhu ukuhamba ivame ukuhlotshaniswa ubuphekula.

Ngokungafani izimiso Wahhabi-Sunni ka salafitizma

Ukuze uqonde ngobani Salafis futhi Wahhabis, cabangela izimiso zabo eziyinhloko ngemibono. Abacwaningi bathi le imiphakathi emibili yenkolo ngaphakathi kokuchaza okufanayo. Nokho, kufanele zihlukaniswa kusukela Salafi ukunyakaza takfiritskogo.

Namuhla, iqiniso liwukuthi Salafis abalamukeli ukutolika entsha izimiso zenkolo zasendulo. Ngokuthenga ithikithi isiqondiso ezinkulu ukuthuthukiswa, balahlekelwa imiqondo yabo eyisisekelo. Ngisho ukubabiza amaSulumane kungaba elula. Ukuthi yizinto ezihlobene Islam kuphela ukuqashelwa angumtfombo Quran izwi Allah. Ezinye izindaba zika-Wahhabis ehluke ngokuphelele kusukela Salafi Sunni. Konke kuncike ungubani ukuthini igama lesihloko elivamile. Salafis kukhona abamele iqembu elikhulu Sunni amaSulumane kweqiniso. Musa ukudida nabo bamahlelo olukhulu. Salafis futhi Wahhabis, okuyinto kuhluke ngokuphelele, banemibono engafani inkolo.

Manje la amaqembu amabili aphikisanayo sinonimiziruyut abazalwa eyiphutha. Wahhabi-Salafi ngokuzithandela yokutholwa izimiso eyisisekelo yokholo lwawo alien ngokuphelele izici Islam. Abavumelani kwayo yonke indikimba yezikhonzi ulwazi (Iqupha) wadluliselwa amaSulumane kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Salafis futhi Sunnis, okuyinto umehluko ukhona kuphela kwezinye ngomhla inkolo, kuqhathaniswa Wahhabis. Kusukela yokugcina zingabantu nemibono engafani ezindabeni umthetho.

Eqinisweni, i-Wahhabis esikhundleni zonke izimiso ubudala Islamic nge entsha, ukudala sharihad yakho (nokubusa inkolo zensimu). Abanaso bahloniphe ezisithekileyo, Emathuneni asendulo, futhi uMprofethi kubhekwa umlamuleli phakathi kukaNkulunkulu nabantu, ngaphandle kokuba phambi kwabo ezehlela bonke amaSulumane nangokuthuthumela. Ngokusho izimiso Islamic, jihad ayikwazi limenyezelwe ngokuzithandela.

Wahhabism kuvunyelwe ekuphileni nabulungisa, kodwa emva Ukwamukelwa "ukufa ulungile" (ukuqhumisa ngokwabo ukubulala "infidels") Siyaqiniseka indawo ezulwini. Islam uyazicabangela ukuzibulala kuyisono esibi ezingeke zithethelelwe.

Ingqikithi ukubukwa olukhulu

Salafis ngokuyiphutha kuhlobene nezinga Wahhabis. Nakuba imibono yokungabi nandaba kwabo namanje oluhambisana Sunnis. Kodwa ezingokoqobo ezweni lanamuhla elingaphansi kwethonya Salafi-Wahhabi ayiswe kusho takfiritov. Uma uthatha lezi amaqembu ku value efile, ungakhetha eziningi umehluko.

Salafis, sizilahlile essence babo bangempela, uhlukanisa ukubukwa olukhulu, cabanga bonke abanye njengoba izihlubuki esifanelwe ukujeziswa. Salafis kukhona Sunni, kunalokho, ngisho Kholwa Juda abizwa ngokuthi "Abantu of the Book" ngubani bayakholelwa ekuseni. Abakwazi babambisane ezikhona ngokuthula nabanye imibono.

Ukuze uqonde ngobani Salafis Islam, kufanele sinake iqiniso omunye esihlukanisa okwamanje kusukela Fundamentalist lamahlubuka amahlelo (okuyilokho, eqinisweni, kukhona Wahhabis).

Salafis Sunni abalamukeli ukutolika entsha wemithombo intando Allah lasendulo. A amaqembu amasha olukhulu ngibale, esikhundleni imibono evamile weqiniso sisihle izimiso. Imane nje esebenzisa ukulawula abantu izinjongo zabo ukufeza amandla nakakhulu.

Lena akuyona Islam nhlobo. Phela, izimiso zalo eziyinhloko, amagugu nezinto ezingcwele abangu ukhukhulwe, wanyathelwa futhi kungase kutholakale zamanga. Kunalokho, ezingqondweni zabantu babekwa eyayenziwe evumayo isinqumo imiqondo elite kanye ukuziphatha. Kuyinto amandla okubhubhisa eqaphela isenzo esihle nokubulawa kwabesifazane, izingane nasebekhulile.

zokunqoba ubutha

Lokumba sihilela indaba yokuthi ubani lo Salafis, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa imibono zezinhlangano zenkolo e ngezinhloso mercenary elibusayo elite babangele ngezimpi zezimpi ezichitha igazi eziqhubekayo. Ngalesi sikhathi kukhona ushintsho kwamandla. Nokho, njengoba ayekholelwa zabantu akufanele kube imbangela ukuxabana fratricidal.

Njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho uthi eziningi East, ukuba babambisane ezikhona ngokuthula kungenzeka amalungu kokubili legatsha Orthodox Islam. Lokhu kungenzeka ne isikhundla ohambelana iziphathimandla maqondana imibono yenkolo omphakathi ngamunye. Noma yimuphi umuntu okumele akwazi ukuqhuba kanye inkolo eyayiyithanda lapho ubheka efanele, hhayi ukwenza iziphakamiso ukuthi abaphikisi bombuso - izitha.

Isibonelo nokuhlalisana ngokuthula phakathi abalandeli yezinkolo ezahlukene emphakathini Muslim imele umndeni ka uMengameli yaseSiriya Bashada Assad. Yena othi endaweni Alawite, kodwa umkayo Sunni. Yena igubha kokubili Muslim Sunni Eid al-ADF kanye Christian Easter.

Sijule imibono yenkolo Muslim, kungenzeka ukuba baqonde Imibandela, ubani Salafis. Nakuba banquma ukuthi uyakuqonda lokho okushiwo Wahhabis, ngokuyisisekelo le nkolelo kweqiniso ikude imibono enjalo Islam. Rough esikhundleni izimiso eziyisisekelo inkolo Eastern evumayo elibusayo izimiso elite kuholela ukwanda izingxabano phakathi kwamalungu imiphakathi engokwenkolo ehlukile futhi zichitha igazi.