Bloch Epiphany Cathedral eMoscow. I imifanekiso sesonto

Cathedral esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ithempeli esemqoka yedolobha. Kulokhu, ngokuvamile kufanele kube uMnyango - sesimweni esa- kuyiphi ngesikhathi inkonzo izenzo Bishop (umfundisi ephakeme, wesithathu degree ubupristi).

Umlando igama

Kodwa eMoscow - idolobha elikhulu kakhulu, futhi, yebo, ayinayo isonto lombhishobhi. Lokho Bloch Cathedral eMoscow, inegama yesibili Epiphany Cathedral Yelokhovo, esinye sezakhiwo amabili enkolo yalolu hlobo. Ngokusho yetinsita esizeni yangaphambili yethempeli (ekhulwini XIV) kwaba ehlathini Alder, isifula Olkhovets, futhi lo muzi wawakhiwe ngokuthi uNkulunkulu (a cognate izwi nge alders). Kuze kube manje kule ndawo walondoloza emgwaqweni futhi alley Alder. Lezi zindawo abadumile ukuzalwa lapha 1469 isiwula Vasiliya Blazhennogo noma Basil nqunu, sibalo impikiswano kangako futhi okuphawulekayo ukuthi lomngcwabo nendikimba saint, abashone kulezi 1552 (eyaziwa ngisho inombolo - Agasti 2), wathwala Ivan Grozny ne boyars, kanye nenkonzo yakhe yokungcwaba uzikhohlise Metropolitan Macarius.

umlando ocebile

Cathedral Bloch BakaJehova eMoscow, etholakala kule ndawo Basmanny ku Spartakovskaya emgwaqweni okuqondene District Central, inomlando ekhazimulayo. Kwakuthinta christened A. S. Pushkina (1799, ngosuku 8th lokuzalwa). Kusukela ngo-1938, isonto lombhishobhi waba lombhishobhi, futhi kusukela ngo-1945 kuya ku-1991 - i-wezinzalamizi (manje, emva ukudluliswa uMnyango Umbhishobhi omkhulu Zonke eRussia Cathedral of the Dormition ku ezibiyele, Epiphany Cathedral usihlalo eMoscow Sabefundisi). Kukulo muzi lapho ngo-1943, 1945, 1971 no-1990, kwakunabaningana ukwakhiwa kwalesi Primate elisanda kuqokwa we the Church (ababhishobhi) esihlalweni. emkhubeni ebekwa esihlalweni sobukhosi, kutawenteka ngesikhatsi ezinkonzweni. Hierarch begqoke izingubo ezifanele isikhundla sakhe. Ngo-1925, umkhosi Presentation izimfundiso sesonto wakhonza njengephayona uTikhon. Cathedral Bloch BakaJehova eMoscow idume iqiniso lokuthi yezinto esenyakatho St Nicholas ungcwatshwe emva Umngcwabo ngo-May 1944, uMbhishobhi Omkhulu uSergiyu. endaweni yakhe itshe lethuna yokungcwaba lihlotshiswe e zemabula. He is nombhali uA abadumile V Schusev. Alexiy II, PM 15, futhi, wangcwatyelwa lombhishobhi - esontweni aseningizimu Annunciation ngo-2008.

Izintandokazi Cathedral Muscovites

Cathedral Bloch BakaJehova eMoscow akuyona abadumile kuphela, futhi kakhulu efana Muscovites, uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "lombhishobhi lapho ngisemncane." Lesi ngesinye futhi isizathu ukuthi akukaze isivaliwe. Bede iminyaka amnyama kokushushiswa iSonto wahamba eceleni kwakhe, intsha eningi kangaka ihlanga- enhlokodolobha yase ugogo wabo waxosha lapha esekude, futhi bagcinelwe lombhishobhi waba ngunina.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke Iminyaka yempi Bloch Epiphany Cathedral eMoscow lokuphekiwe ukuzivikela 835 900 ruble, futhi izipho amasosha - 535,1. Indlela kwadingeka asuse! Besifuna ukuba adilize ukuze bandise endaweni Elohinskoy, wenze House ezingavamile encwadini noma movie. Kodwa esikhathini iyiphi nokuhlupheka, ngisho ezinsukwini ngetimphi nengucuko, musa ukuvala umnyango Bloch lombhishobhi eMoscow. Epiphany noma umkhosi the Epiphany - usuku lapho ithempeli lalikhona, abazinikele e Yelokhovo. It lugujwa Januwari 18 futhi idili sesonto.

izimbangela

Umlando nesenzakalo lethempeli yendabuko - kuqala 1698 elohovtsy wakha isonto lokhuni emzaneni. Ngezinye Peter mina (1717-1722) ngezinye kabusha Tile yayo ethempelini. Eminyakeni 1722-1731 ngaphansi ukusekelwa Princess Praskovi Ioannovny yayakhiwe indlwana behlonipha we Annunciation. Nge inkosi enkulu ehlotshaniswa ne zinganekwane eziningi, enye yazo yathi: ukuthi yena ngokwakhe ezinikelwe itshe ukuze kwakhiwe ithempeli. Eminyakeni 1790-1792 esontweni ukuze sandise nge ekamelweni i enamathiselwe yokudlela ne aisles ezimbili (behlonipha St Nicholas yesonto we sibuyekeze Annunciation) nombhoshongo insimbi. EMoscow eminyakeni elandelayo ukuthuthukiswa olunzulu, futhi ithempeli, manje esemgwaqweni eduze enkabeni yedolobha, futhi siba sincane ukuze likwazi ukuhlalisa inani elandayo ayeke ukuza esontweni.

Sokuqala isikhathi ukwakhiwa lombhishobhi

Futhi manje, 1837 kwisayithi ye adiliza isonto Yelokhovskaya siqala ayakhiwe ngu umakhi Evgraf Tyurin (1796-1872), isonto elisha ivulekile. Lokhu wezakhiwo liyaziwa yokuthi kanye O. I. Bove eseqedile umsebenzi sokuhlala ezweni Ukubala Yusupov e Uyingelosi Enkulu. Yena iqhaza ekwakhiweni eMoscow State University ku Moss futhi University Church igama Tatiana. Nokho, umsebenzi wokwakha ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali babe isikhathi eside, kepha isevisi ezindongeni sidle njalo babhekana. Ngu-1845, lapho wakhushulwa bendabuko amamitha yenkolelo intilibathwa isakhiwo main sethempeli, ebekiwe umqhele domes ezinhlanu. Leli sonto lakhiwa ngo-isitayela classicism sekwephuzile futhi high in the isitayela Empire. Ukuze umsebenzi kwaze kwaba kuphelile, inhlangano yomthengisi 2nd V I. Schapov, owaba isakhamuzi zokuhlonipha eMoscow, zanikela isizumbulu kakhulu imali - ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu Kubiza umsebenzi. Kuphela 1853 ibandla ngayingcwelisa Filaret, Metropolitan eMoscow Kolomna.

sokubuyiselwa okwalandela

Umsebenzi wokwakha eqhubekile - ngo-1889 Dome kanye elisophahleni (udonga zokuhlobisa, engaphezulu cornice) ezakhiwa phezu Refectory. Ngokusho iphrojekthi Zykov, lombhishobhi ngakho kwadingeka ukuba ngilaliswe elilodwa kuphela kanti uqimba lokuqala umbhoshongo insimbi. Ngemva kabusha lombhishobhi waba omunye izakhiwo zenkolo umxhwele kakhulu eMoscow. I ukuvuselela elandelayo ingaphakathi senzeka ngo-1912 - leli sonto kabusha ngesineke. iconostasis eyayibhalwe uyasinda kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngesikhathi Bolshoi Theatre wathenga insimbi futhi esikhundleni sazo aqhephukile.

ilungiselelo yesimanje

sokubuyiselwa sina kakhulu lombhishobhi waqala ngo-1969, ngemva amakhetho mqaphi Kapchuka NS, owayehola ukulungisa kanye nokubuyiselwa umsebenzi eyathatha cishe engu-20. Ngenxa yalokho, wenza okuningi: esikhundleni ngokuphelele leaf igolide wafaka kocingo zethusi esitulweni futhi solea. Zonke phansi indawo nge zemabula. Futhi phansi kwe-altare futhi Sole (e obuKristu - ekuphakameni phansi phambi iconostasis noma esibukweni altare) ephakanyiswe phansi. Bahlanza odongeni imidwebo, ngesineke, entsha amafasitela ahlotshiswe ngokweqile ibala, ezakhiwe workshop sokubuyiselwa. Wena igama it. Cathedral kuyinto enhle futhi kufanelekile uyakufanelekela ibe isikhungo ebuyekeziwe eMoscow. Kodwa ukubuyiselwa imicabango yabantu labetibambile ezahlukene kakhulu - kusuka udumo nomdlandla ukuze ukuhlolwa "samovarschina". Cathedral Bloch BakaJehova eMoscow (isithombe lidlulisela ngokugcwele ubuhle kokuvamile proportionality eyodwa yezindawo kuwumgogodla wokukhulekela yenhloko-dolobha) kuyinto lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo kazwelonke.

Cathedral namuhla

Kuze kube namuhla, kuba sesonto Protopresbyter Mathewu Stadnyuk esakhiwe kule isikhundla ngo-1978. Ukusebenzisa uthando ongqongqoshe amalungu esonto, akwenzayo konke kwenzeleni udumo lombhishobhi awuzange sehliselwe inkonzo, izinkulungwane zabantu wabuthelwa njalo guest ukuyowubona inhloko-dolobha Cathedral Bloch BakaJehova eMoscow, okuyinto izithonjana ukwenza kube ezidumile emhlabeni wonke yobuKristu. Lena ngokuyinhloko edume ohlonishwayo isithonjana Kazan uNina kaNkulunkulu.

Ngu sesonto amathempelana ayizinsalela nesithombe ngokuyisimangaliso St Nicholas. Ungakwazi ukukhothamela lesi uhlala owayephila futhi abakanye Sergiya Radonezhskogo - U-Alexis, Metropolitan eMoscow, owayengomunye le abeluleki D. Don. "Ababhubhayo" - ohlonishwayo isithombe UnguNina KaNkulunkulu - lilondolozwe izindonga lombhishobhi Elokhovskiy. kungenziwa ngokuthi kusukela uhlu ezingavamile kodwa laseTheotokos isithonjana "olunikeza ukuphila Spring", lapho isikhalazo usizo zemali. Ayikho Muscovite, ngubani kungabi namuntu owaziyo ukuthi leli thempeli abadumile, noma akakwazi ukufonela inkulumo yakhe. Cathedral Bloch BakaJehova eMoscow isendaweni Spartakovskaya emgwaqweni, ngesikhathi inombolo 15. Budebuduze iyona eMoscow metro station Baumanovskaya.