Bashkirs futhi AmaTatar: umehluko ababukeka uhlamvu

Uma AmaTatar futhi Bashkirs bahlala ndawonye wakha umbuso omkhulu. Bakhuluma close ulimi, kodwa manje lezi ubudlelwane ngezinye izikhathi ayeka ukuba khona anobuhlobo. Abantu abaye ngokomlando wabusa esifundeni amakhulu eminyaka, ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi ulimi abantu, futhi emakhulwini eminyaka zokuphila emphakathini wembulunga - kuphela lwesigodi of ulimi omkhulu futhi lasendulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho khona i umakhelwane ezimele ngaphansi mbuzo: "Thina - Bathi - yisizwe esisodwa." Kwaba njalo ngempela, endaweni eyayihlala Bashkirs futhi AmaTatar, umehluko yokuphila kwansuku zonke ngokuvamile zero.

Izimbangela zokungezwani

Umakhelwane alivumelani. "Uhlala bona, kodwa sizibonga futhi ikhiphe." Omakhelwane bayaqiniseka ukuthi bangobani yayo, efana ngolimi lwabo, ukwakha isimo sabo siqu. izimangalo ezinjalo ukuzimela abantu evelele kubonakale bethanda. Bayaqiniseka ukuthi izwe elingumakhelwane - ibhizinisi yokufakelwa. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi kulesi yelula isithembiso ukuthi ingxenye enkulu bashkorstana ubuswa AmaTatar zobuzwe Bashkirs, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile kakhulu ukukhuluma ngesiTatar. Isifiso esingokwemvelo sabantu evelele endaweni - ukwenza ulimi lakhona olusemthethweni futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhamizi ukuyisebenzisa. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abanikazi balelo zwe - the Bashkirs futhi AmaTatar umehluko sengqondo ngabe kufanele sivume.

Nokho, lokhu akusebenzi. AmaTatar futhi Bashkirs - yisizwe sinye, siqiniseka e Tatarstan nesiTatar nemizana bashkorstana eziningi. Bashkirov usolwa ngokunukubeza ephoqelela nokwenziwa yokufakelwa nolimi. Lokhu kanye nesidingo sokuthi ngolimi lwesiTatar saba umbuso wesibili e Tatarstan.

Ngakho, lapho ukubusa zomlando esondela chauvinism ngokumelene kuphoqeleke nokwakha isizwe. Ubani ilungelo ngaphezulu? Bashkirs futhi AmaTatar - umehluko noma ungubani?

Indlela ukumisa nemibango engokohlanga osekuthathe

Cishe, akunakwenzeka ukuba umuntu eRussia kwase wezwa kwalokhu kungqubuzana, kodwa hhayi ngoba lezi ukuphikisana abangelutho. Ziyakwazi kungenzeka kube kunamanje Russian-Ukraine. Abazi ngazo Akubangelwa abaseRussia awubi nandaba nokuthi siphile Isi-Chuvash, AmaTatar futhi Bashkirs. Futhi Adygeys, Shor, Nenets futhi Dolgan. Futhi-ke, le Yakuts.

Futhi AmaTatar, Bashkirs futhi eseduze abantu isiRashiya, njengazo zonke ezinye 194 bezizwe ezwe elaliyi-USSR. Lokho singabali izizwe ezincane, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi uhlu omkhulu. Nasi isithombe Bashkirs futhi AmaTatar. Umehluko izithombe okuhambisa kuphela zokulingisa. Omunye umkhaya efanayo!

Kunzima ukuxazulula ngaphandle ukuvuselelwa isiko inkhulumomphendvulwano ukonakala pheze ephelele izigwili kazwelonke: i-Bashkirs futhi AmaTatar - umbango. Nakuba izingxabano Awungenile kuze kufike, bathi, eCaucasus, lapho yangaphambili Cumans (Kumyks) angizange sengihlale ngokuthula nabantu entabeni. Uma becindezelwa lesi sici anivunyelwe ngaphandle isicelo force indlela. AmaTatar futhi Bashkirs elahlekile akupheleli lapho.

eyinkimbinkimbi kazwelonke

Cabanga Ukwakheka yobuhlanga eduze. Yokubalwa kwabantu okugcinile wabonisa ama-29% Bashkirs e Bashkorstane. AmaTatar sakhiwe 25%. Ngaphansi kokubusa kweSoviet, le Ukubalwa kwabantu kwabonisa inombolo cishe kulingana kokubili. Manje AmaTatar osolwa Bashkorstan e postscript kanye nokwenziwa, futhi Bashkirs kufakazela ukuthi 'otatarennye "Bashkirs wabuyela bangobani. Nokho, kudingeka okungaphezu nje Bashkorstane Russian - 36%, kanye nalokho abacabanga ngayo, akekho ucela.

Russian bukhoma ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, kuyilapho ezindaweni zasemakhaya ubuswa Bashkirs futhi AmaTatar, umehluko Russian lapho iso akusilo obonakalayo futhi. Ngo-Russian kukhona ngakho izingxabano timayelana nanoma iyiphi enye abantu, ngisho nalabo okuyinto zathuthukisa lo Bashkirs futhi AmaTatar. Umehluko ubunjalo ubuhlobo bukhulu kangangokuthi ingxabano wendawo wendawo-Turks Russian kungenzeka ingasaphathwa.

Kusukela umlando isimo

Ngokomlando, Russia kwamiswa kusukela ezindaweni kuhlale zezizwe ezihlukahlukene, njenge-Quilt zezindwangu. Futhi emva kwempi, yebo, umbuzo lokuzibusa yalezi zizwe. Eminyakeni yokuqala amandla Soviet futhi zakha umngcele Bashkortostan, kuhlanganise inqwaba AmaTatar ethile ensimini yawo. Tatarstan ahlinzekwa imiklamo yabo yibobonke isimanga eboniswe lapha SRS Idel-Ural, futhi amaBolshevik Tatar-Bashkir Soviet Republic. It kucatshangwa isimo esisodwa nabantu eyodwa.

Nokho, Bashkirs ababengenabani Russian Empire, isigaba lempi, kuyafana Cossacks, kwakhiwa ibutho ashaqa amandla esifundeni esise-Ural esifundeni. Soviet Russia awamukela emva kokusayina inkontileka. Kwakubonakala ukuthi Bashkurdistan Small, lapho Bashkirs yobuhlanga, kuyoba ngaphansi kwegunya Bashkirs. Imigomo yesivumelwano Yiqiniso, ngezikhathi ezithile wephule, Bashkirs wasukuma, kodwa ngagcina ngo-1922, cishe wonke sifundazwe Ufa kwaba kakade Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Ngemva kwalokho, ayesekhona izinguquko umngcele: Bashkorstan elahlekile ezindaweni ezikude owakhiwe ngokukhethekile Bashkirs, kodwa washiya isikhundla sakhe.

Namuhla bashkorstana umngcele - ingxenye ukwazi kazwelonke we Bashkirs, futhi abaqondile ukubanika. Yingakho Bashkirs futhi AmaTatar, umehluko phakathi okuyinto isiRashiya, isibonelo, akubonakali kakhulu bese uyazama ukuncibilikisa ngokwabo komunye nomunye. Nakuba isibalo AmaTatar ekhatsi Bashkortostan ifaniswe ne inani Bashkirs, self Bashkir inhlangano indawo engaphansi kosongo. Yiqiniso, le AmaTatar ophilayo ekhatsi Bashkortostan, wonke amabutho simelana futhi ufuna isimo kazwelonke onobunye.

Non-ubudlova inhlanganiso

kunempi yobuhlanga phakathi AmaTatar futhi Bashkirs Russia ephethwe ukumisa. Akubangakho abulawe, kunobungozi ukuthi ngelinye ilanga bagqashule kulo mkhuba. Uma Republic babe lelitimele, kuba izingxabano akunakwenzeka ukuba ngempela kwahlala isikhathi eside kuphela, kodwa, noma kunjalo, ungazama. Uhulumeni wobandlululo - njalo into embi: lapha kungenzeka kokukhumbula Ossetic omdabu futhi Abkhazians, Georgia esatshwe iphrojekthi ubuzwe, Gagauz wabantu baseMoldova, amaSerbia, eCroatia. Ngendlela efanayo, futhi AmaTatar ungafuni ukuhlanganisa isiko Bashkirs, kusale ukutjho kwakhe.

Kuze igazi elachithwa, futhi isimangalo umemezele kakade, singalindela inkhulumomphendvulwano enokuthula futhi ngokulungiswa okugcwele eziphikisanayo. Umehluko phakathi AmaTatar futhi Bashkirs ezimweni zengqondo zinganqotshwa.

Ngakho, iziphi izimangalo amaqembu? Bashkirs ufuna bangasephula imingcele futhi nomqondo Bashkir State. AmaTatar ungafuni ukulahlekelwa phambili esifundeni. AmaTatar bashkorstanskie ufuna ungubani yabo futhi ngolimi lwabo. Futhi akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi e Tatarstan inani elikhulu isizwe abafuna Enkulu Tatarstan.

kusebentisana izithakazelo

Bashkirs ufuna "Bashkir" endaweni yayo - mtshele nihlangene bangasephula imingcele. AmaTatar ungafuni sokwetshisa - ake wamukele liqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke abeke Bashkir Bashkir ulimi kanye nesazisi. Tatarstan ufuna ukuba abe umholi esifundeni - yaneliswani ukulingana.

Zonke izizwe bashkorstana kumele babe nelungelo lokuthola imfundo ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko (ne cwaningo saziso Bashkir njengoba isihloko ehlukile). Tatar ulimi ingasetshenziswa amandla bashkorstana, kodwa akazange abe ulimi olusemthethweni belingana ne Bashkir.

Bashkorstan angethula quota kazwelonke, babe nendima evelele we Bashkirs, kodwa sasiqinile omele ezinye izizwe, futhi iyoqhubela senqabe sokwetshisa AmaTatar futhi manipulation yokubalwa kwabantu. Tatarstan makalahle izimangalo indawo futhi elungiselelweni lobuzwe ezimbili. Bashkorstan waives imfuno kuya ukuzimela kazwelonke-indawo. Kodwa ithemba ukuthi inkhulumomphendvulwano enjalo izobanjelwa maduzane, hhayi okwamanje.

Justice wahlala esihogweni futhi ipharadesi - thanda kuphela

uhlelo mazwi angase abonakale engasebenzi ngokungafanele futhi ngokuqinisekile nasekubeni umuntu kanti olunye uhlangothi. Kodwa uyini okunye, kuka kuyomthokozisa? Umehluko phakathi AmaTatar futhi Bashkirs kulokhu ayikho, futhi kuzoba kubi kakhulu kubo bonke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-AmaTatar kufanele siqonde ukuthi izwe - isihluthulelo izimangalo zabo ubuholi. AmaTatar abahlala Bashkorstane, uzosebenza njengenhloko isixhumanisi phakathi ezingama-republic.

Futhi uma impi, ngisho enqobile kwenzeke, Tatarstan uthola isitha okubi kakhulu emingceleni, plus kule, hhayi ukubona semthethweni ngamazwe, kodwa kuyoba eziningi izinsolo kusukela republic eduze. Ngokuthula le Bashkirs akazange adikibale imingcele ye-republic futhi indima abantu bayo kule ndawo.

Bashkirs futhi Ziningi ukuqonda. Londoloza emngceleni isimo isizwe titular kungenzeka kuphela uma isivumelwano nabantu abahlala republic. Kukhona okukhethwa kukho: ubushiqela we kazwelonke kohlanga. Akukho kuhle bashkorstana lithembisa - akukho isimo ngamazwe, noma ebuhlotsheni bayo nomakhelwane balo abaseduze.

Manje ngenxa isiRashiya, lapho iningi

Kanjani ukuba ngibe kulesi simo, abaphilayo Russian ezindaweni bashkorstana futhi Tatarstan? Manje isiRashiya has a inzuzo ongalingani kuzo zombili republic, naphezu kwakho konke ubuzwe babo. Kukhona ukubusa ingqikithi isiRashiya kwezamabhizinisi, kuzo zonke imithombo yabezindaba ukushicilela, futhi okungamele ukuphathwa komphakathi cishe ngokuphelele olwenziwa ngesiRashiya, ngisho lapho isibalo sabantu Russian incane.

Ekhatsi Bashkortostan elula ukwenyukela isitebhisi umsebenzi, engazi Tatar noma Bashkir. Kodwa ngisho funny ukukhuluma ngakho, uma umuntu akazi Russian. Angeke uqhathanise emfundisweni Bashkir nesiTatar izingane Russian nge efundisa Russian AmaTatar futhi Bashkirs. umyalo Russian we ulimi, ngaphandle kokukhetha futhi ngokugcwele ezingeke ishiwo ubunikazi Russian ulimi kazwelonke republic.

Russian kunjalo, "bashkirizatsiya 'lenzeka noma" tatarizatsiya "- noma kunjalo, kula mashumi eminyaka ambalwa ezayo okungenani isabelo isiRashiya kuyoba ephakeme kakhulu kokwanoma yimuphi kazwelonke. Kwenzeka isimanga, naphezu kwazo zonke izimangalo ukuba ukulingana kanye nobulungiswa benhlalo. A ukumelwa zezombusazwe kungenziwa isakazwe sivumelwano, njengoba isikhundla futhi ifayela futhi ufuna Bashkirs futhi AmaTatar. Umahluko phakathi kwabo azilutho futhi ezindaweni ezibalulekile ezifana inkolo: ngaphandle ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu nasenkolweni yobu-Orthodox, okuyinto zikhona kokubili republic, iningi abathi US Islam.

intuthuko enhle

Ithemba yokuthuthukisa ubuhlobo Bashkir-Tatar sekukhona emuva kokuthi uMengameli M. Rakhimov. UMongameli WeRiphabhulikhi benana ukuvakashelwa. Ngo Ufa Ngaqala Tatar TNV isiteshi ngesimo ihhovisi cindezela.

Ukwandiswa nokubambisana kwamasiko kanye nezomnotho kula ma-republic. Nakuba izinkinga ezingaxazululeki asikabi babi futhi bahlale uhlobano phakathi kwala mazwe womabili kukhona ningi ngavumelani. Empeleni, kuyinto exakayo ukuthi izigwili ezizwe, ulimi elilandelayo kanye isiko efanayo athuthukile, akunakwenzeka ngokubambisana indlela izinkinga ekwakheni isizwe.

Indawo kungumbono ezahlukene isikhala Ethno nezombangazwe? 1917-D okubi yayo, mhlawumbe ikhambi Liyindawo kude samanje, kodwa, yize kunjalo, kukhona izingxabano ezifihliwe ezisasithinta isimo sengqondo abantu ababili lobuzalwane.

Izimbangela zokungezwani

Uma ngimbe emaceleni awo, ungakhetha kusukela ngendwangu izenzakalo ka eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule izizathu ezinhlanu eyinhloko lesi senzakalo. Eyokuqala - the subjective, elinye - inhloso ngempela.

1. ubutha futhi ukungabakhathaleli nhlobo ukuqonda phakathi kwabaholi Zaki Validi futhi Gayazom Iskhaki.

Zaki Walid wayengumholi we Bashkir yenkhululeko kusuka 1917 kuya 1920. Orientalist, mlando, Ph.D., profesa ilungu zokuhlonipha wase-University of Manchester esikhathini esizayo. Nokho - nje umholi.

Ayaz İshaki - umholi kazwelonke ukuhamba Tatarstan, umshicileli kanye umbhali, isikhulumi sezombusazwe. Muslim Abashisekayo - predominated ekulungiseleleni, bese ukubamba ingqungquthela yokuqala amaSulumane e Moscow zangaphambi wamavukelambuso. Smart abantu abafundile kahle, kungani akunjalo?

2. Udaba Izwe liye iphendulwa AmaTatar futhi Bashkirs ngezindlela ezahlukene.

AmaTatar iminyaka 365 kusukela kwaqala ukwenziwa kwamakoloni kancane kancane balahlekelwa wonke amazwe ezabanjwa phakathi ijoka Mongol-Tatar, njengoba isimo kulezi zindawo kwaba amasu: imifula, imigwaqo, imizila yezohwebo. Okokuqala - emva 1552, khona-ke - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 kuya umyalo wombusi e Tatarstan abangu uyekwa izinduna nezwe idluliselwe kwabokufika Russian nasendlini yengcebo. Njengoba ukuswela isibe inhlekelele mbamba letimayelana nalesihloko AmaTatar.

Kuhlukile endaweni Bashkir, eyabika esikhathini tsarist umbuso patrimonial kwesokudla futhi ngangilwa njalo ngoba kamuva. Ngesikhathi sendlala, kunjalo ngaphansi tsars ngezikhathi - kanye eminyakeni 3-5, kanye ngesikhathi lo Stolypin kwekuhlela kabusha e Bashkiria efika izifiki ezivela eRussia nase kusuka ngaphakathi fusha zwe. Kwakheka abalimi sezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Udaba sendawo kwakuzodingeka Bashkiria njalo kakhulu ngqo, futhi kusukela ngo-1917 uye abe isici ukuze kwakhiwe ukunyakaza kazwelonke.

3. Hlanza indawo ye isiTatar Bashkir amazwe.

Umhlaba AmaTatar babekhona ekujuleni Empire, babengenazo imingcele nanoma yimuphi izifunda abekelwe emaceleni, okungase sihlanganise imizamo ku izithakazelo ezivamile. Bashkiria cishe kutshengisa Kazakhstan - Russian futhi amakhilomitha ayisihlanu ezweni bekumnyama tshu yoke indawo.Wahlukanisa Republic komunye nomunye. Amathuba inyunyana lwalulukhulu kakhulu.

4. Abanye umehluko ohlelweni yokukhokha Bashkirs futhi AmaTatar eMbusweni Russian.

Bahlakazeka zokuhlala AmaTatar phambi inguquko, ngisho emazweni awo azisona iningi, ngokumelene Bashkirs, yezingxenye ku emazweni awo kuyinto iningi.

5. Different ezingeni kwezamasiko kanye nezemfundo we Bashkirs futhi AmaTatar.

Lapho bahlakazeka Izindawo we AmaTatar, isikhali ababekhathazeke ngayo kakhulu kwakuwukutholela intelligence, ubuqotho kanye nenhlangano. Amandla Bashkirs kwakungafanele madrassas kanye nezobunhloli. Bona Yayinepulazi, babe elihlomile futhi ukulungele nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuvikela ukuzimela.

Naphezu zonke lezi zinto kungaba Bashkirs banobungane kakhulu futhi AmaTatar. Izithombe esihlokweni wabonisa ubudlelwane izikhathi eziningi anobuhlobo ngempela futhi enhle ngomakhelwane.