Ballerina Istomina Avdotya Ilinichna: Biography, imisebenzi kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

She - owayephila futhi owayephila ngesikhathi Pushkin, omunye edume kakhulu ballet abadansi isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwayo, i-ballet prima Didlo. Igama lakhe akuyona nje atholakala imisebenzi imbongi omkhulu. Bakhandwa wakhulelwa, kodwa awupheli noveli "Abadansi Amabili" lapho i-prototype ye omunye namaqhawekazi kwakuyikho impela ke - Avdotya Ilinichna Istomina. Ngaphezu umdansi ithalente, yena possessed charm emangalisayo nobuhle futhi kubhekwa omunye wabesifazane ebukekayo kakhulu Petersburg ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokwemvelo, ayenakho lonke kwesixuku sabalandeli, futhi phakathi kwawo - abantu evelele kunazo zonke zombuso.

Istomina Avdotya Ilinichna: Biography

Evdokia (njengoba silotshwe encwadini log) wazalelwa 6 Januwari 1799 Petersburg. Mayelana ababe abazali bakhe, kukhona izinguqulo eziningana, kodwa ozwakalayo kakhulu nguye owawuthi ubaba wakhe iphoyisa Ilya Istomin abasilalela baphuze futhi wafa eseneminyaka engu 2-3. Umama wentombazane, Anisa Istomin, futhi washona ngemva nje, futhi oneminyaka eyisithupha Dunya wasala uyintandane. Ngenhlanhla, le ntombazane engakaze kunqunywe lezintandane, futhi wangena Imperial Theatre School. Yena, ngenxa yokuthi iba khona, bathandile esikoleni ozoyisiza yasithatha yasiyisa ebhodini okugcwele. Kulapha Istomina Avdotya ukubuqonda izikebhe ezigcawugcawu. Ngeshwa, akekho abangekho wahlanganyela nabafundi imfundo jikelele.

yokufunda

Umlingisi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, akuyona ukungezwa ohlonishwa, ngakho esikoleni ngokuvamile ubuhanjelwe izingane kusukela amakilasi aphansi, noma intandane, efana Heroine of indaba yethu. Kamuva, lapho waba dancer oluvelele, abaningi baba nesithakazelo umbuzo - owayenguyise uthisha ballet abadansi Avdoti Istominoy? Waqale wafundisa ubuciko ukudansa ngane abadumile Petersburg ballerina Ekaterina Sazonov. It wayengadlali lapho afunda khona ubekezele, siyalwe, esiqhubekayo ungalokothi uphonse ithawula. Nokho, lo thisha oyinhloko Avdoti Istominoy owafundisa wakhe ubuciko umdanso nokwenza - Yebo, amaFulentshi umdansi, Umhleli womdanso futhi uthisha uCharles-Louis Didlo. Wayelethwa zihlukaniswa unya kwebafundzi yabo, kwaba efunwa kakhulu futhi esiqinile, kungakhathaliseki ubulili babo kanye nobudala.

aseqala

Istomina Avdotya, like iningi labafundi we-Imperial School, lwaqala ekuqaleni kakhulu avele enkundleni. Kakade lapho ngineminyaka engu-9 Didlo ngithatha isancinza sami kuze ballet "Zephyr futhi Flora", okuyinto waboniswa itshe nenkundla enkulu yemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Yiqiniso, kunikeza indima nesizotha kakhulu - ibe retinue lonkulunkulukazi Flora - usanta emhlabeni zemifino. Girl ukusebenza phambi kwezilaleli umxhwele kakhulu, naye umxhwele indlela flora Waphupha ukuthi uma futhi kuyoba ballerina prima, futhi uyophinde abe muhle.

Ukungenela Petersburg qembu

Ngo 1815 Avdotya Istomin - ballerina nge-diploma idrama esikoleni - bajoyine Imperial Theatre Petersburg, ogama qembu kwaholela uthisha wakhe Shar Didlo. Ngokushesha wathatha umfundi wakhe abanamakhono ekukhiqizeni "Acis futhi Galatea", futhi indima protagonist. Girl emva ukusebenza kuqala ukhangwa umphakathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakunebandla mahluko esiqinile phakathi izinhlobo waseshashalazini, ballet futhi elalibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe wayebalindele futhi kwadingeka isikhathi ukudlala kule drama futhi ukusebenza vaudeville. Ngokushesha mayelana ballerina ubuhle nakuso sonke ukukhanya Russian ephakeme.

sici

Empeleni leli hholo wokuqala Russian istograf Pimen Nikolaevich Arapov Kodwa njengoba Istomin amchaza lapho ethi: "wayesekhulile ukuphakama Ngokwesilinganiso, enhle kakhulu, ngomzimba, izinwele ezimnyama kanye amehlo zikanokusho abamnyama shiny, nemivimbo engu eside awugqinsi, okwenza ubuso bakhe uhlamvu ekhethekile. Wayengumngane kwemisipha, imilenze enamandla, ukunyakaza wakhe babengabalandeli ukukhanya futhi ngomusa. " Kuyona inikele konke lokhu, akumangazi ukuthi ballerina Avdotya Istomin, biography kuchazwa kulesi sihloko ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezicukuthwane ahlukile. Bathi Pushkin yena akazithelanga ngabandayo kuye, ngisho njengoba sisezinhlungwini abanolwazi wobukhwele. I mores langaleso sikhathi uvunyelwe Madoda ahloniphekile abahlinzeke ballerinas kancane. Okwesikhathi esithile wayenomkhuba pay edumile Jikelele Orlov - the Decembrists esizayo. Pushkin umuntu eqhuma umhawu, wabhala ngesiqubulo phezu kwakhe, eqala ngamazwi athi: "Orlov Istomina embhedeni ...". Wayibiza ngokuthi Laisa ukuthi kwadingeka kunencazelo efanayo igama elithi "courtesan".

Cherche la femme

isoka wokuthoma wakhangiswa ukaputeni abasebenzi Vasiliy vasilevich Sheremetev. Wayekuthanda kuyenga kwayo, futhi cishe iminyaka emibili babephila njengendoda nenkosikazi. Nokho, ngekukhula kwayo wokudansa ballet, waba ukuba bazikhandle kakhudlwana futhi ezingezwakali, futhi ngokushesha bawa naye futhi weza wazohlala nomngane wakhe oseduze kakhulu uMariya Azarevichevoy. Nezintombi njalo uwuvimbezele uthando ebusheni wabo wokuziphilisa, kanye abayithandayo of a ballerina ukuguga ngaphezulu. Wayengumngane abangane nge Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Griboedovym futhi uma wamukela isimemo wemidlalo futhi ohlakaniphile ukuza wayovakashela umngane wakhe A. Zavadovsky, ngubani okwesikhashana wahlala Petersburg. Ngemva kwale ngxoxo, Istomina Avdotya wabuyisana Sheremetev wabuyisela kuye, kodwa ekukhanyeni amahemuhemu useduze naye nge Zavadovsky. Lapho ballerina othandekayo yafuna izincazelo ngalezi amahemuhemu, akazange izaba wavuma ukuthi Griboyedov eyodwa yanukubezwa wakhe ngendlela grossest sivakashile endlini yakhe. Lokhu Sheremetev ayikwazanga ukuthethelela futhi Zavadovskiy wabizelwa duel. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umngane Vasily A. .Yakubovich Futhi, ucabangela konke umqalisi A. Griboyedov kuye, wabekela inselele ukuba duel. Ngakho, ngosuku olufanayo abangu ozoba midlalo emibili. Ngakho, ngo-November 1817 e-volkov Field Petersburg saba ukulwa amabhangqa amabili. Nokho, ngaphambi Duel Griboyedov futhi Yakubovich isikhathi akazange afike, ngoba Zavadovsky Sheremeteva ubulawa futhi Duel yesibili uhlehlisiwe. Uma ukhumbula emlandweni, duel phakathi wemidlalo futhi Jakubowski namanje wathatha ngonyaka, kodwa kakade Tiflis. Ngenxa yalokho, it Griboyedov walimala, kodwa hhayi olimele. Nokho, kuyinto isibazi ichashazi Yakubovicha bavunyelwe okwengeziwe ukubona ukuthi isidumbu wabulala Persian zamanxusa Griboyedov.

Didlo Prima Theatre

Istomina Avdotya, owayeneminyaka engu-18 kuphela ubudala, wezwa ngokufa lover wakhe, kakhulu ukukhathazeka futhi ngazizwa ngimlandu, kodwa leyo ndawo yeshashalazi akekho onendaba ukuhlupheka kwakhe. Ngo 1818-m Charles Didlo sebenqume futhi ukuguqula kancane zakho ozithandayo show - "Zephyr futhi Flora", ogama umculo lalotshwa K. A. Kavosa. Avdotya nengxenye imikhiqizo ezandulele zale ballet ngokuphindaphindiwe. Futhi manje iphupho lakhe lifezekile, futhi kwadingeka ukuba ume endleleni flora amahle ukudlala indima isihloko. Izethameli wabingelela esisha "abavikela flora" nge bang. Kwaba ukunqoba mbamba letimayelana nalesihloko ballerina. Ngemva kwalokho, yena kwakhanya cishe zonke izindima eyinhloko uthisha wakhe: "Afrika Lion", "Umbusi wamaSulumane Baghdad," "Evtimii futhi Evharisa", "owephula," "noLisa Colin", "uCora Alonzo, noma Virgin of the Sun", "Roland futhi Morgan "et al.

Avdotya Istomin futhi Pushkin

Ekuqaleni 1823 ngesikhathi Petersburg Big Stone Theatre isingathwe ukusebenza kwesizini - ballet esekelwe inkondlo Pushkin sika "The Prisoner of eCaucasus", umculo for the play ebhaliwe Katarino Kavos. Istomina waphathiswa party Circassian. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umbhali umsebenzi, A. S. Pushkin, ngaleso sikhathi, wadingiselwa Chisinau. Ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi inhlokodolobha okufanele kwenzeke lokhu ukusebenza, wabhalela umfowabo Leo: "Qhubeka," Prisoner of eCaucasus "futhi tell me about Didlo futhi yami enhle Circassian-Istomin. Nganele trailed ngemuva lalo libe njenge isiboshwa yami. " Yini yithemba kwaba kulezi imigqa. Pushkin wayemncane kakhulu wamthanda ne Istomin abasha. Ababona, njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, babe nobudala obufanayo. Ungomunye abakubona kuqala wakhe phakathi kwesixuku. Kodwa i-ballet "Acis futhi Galatea" ngakho wamphatha, ukuthi uye enikelwe Galatea umugqa zakhe ezimnyama uneso okungenakufa "Eugene Onegin" inoveli. Ngisho noma akazange aliphathe nakancane igama nabo kakhulu igama layo, umuntu ubengacabanga baqonde azichazayo umdansi - Avdotya Istomin. izinkondlo Pushkin baye njalo eziqanjiwe futhi kuyiqiniso, ikakhulukazi lapho abesifazane echaza ukhathazekile. Wayekwazi ukubamba ezinye isenzo ekhethekile noma isimo sobuso ukuthi babengakwazi ngisho nokuthengela lizwakale kwabanye.

Heroine noveli kuhlulekile

Inzalo ka ubuntu imbongi elikhulu Istomin kwaba ijule ngokungaphezulu kuka ukuthi wayefuna yena. Yena yayilokhu ibuyela ku wakhe, ngomfanekiso wakhe engqondweni wayehlale elikhanyayo, kungakhathaliseki ayekuyo. Pushkin wayehlose ukubhala inoveli ngakho, ngisho sketched. It ekuqaleni kuhlelwe ukuqamba noveli "Russian ePelham." Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wanquma ukuthi yayiyobizwa ngokuthi "Abadansi Amabili". Alexander ayefuna ukuba uthinte mayelana nefu elimnyama, okuyinto ibangelwa ungahlosile baba dancer - kumayelana duel phakathi Sheremetev futhi Zavadovsky. Emibhalweni yesandla ye Pushkin watholakala uhlelo inoveli. Wabuka kanje:

• Ballet Didlo.
• Zavadovsky.
• Lover.
• yesehlakalo Backstage.
• Duel.
• AI is ekubambeni ku.
• Isancinza.
• Umshado.
• yithemba
• Istomin emhlabeni.
• Ukwenqabela.
• reception wokuziphilisa
• Inkathazo futhi t. D.

umlando Pointe

Avdotya Ilinichna Istomina iyiphayona kweqiniso Russian ballet art. Nguye okwakubhekwe ukuthi umdansi wokuqala Russian owayemi phezu Pointe. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, abadansi zazizama ukuyicindezela ukuba kule nawoqukula, kodwa i-ballet nezicathulo ekhethekile ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, kwakungelula. Kukholakala ukuthi ekhatsi Pointe lokuqala bevela enkundleni Italian uMariya Taloni. Kwathi qophelo Royal Theatre ngo-1830. iminyaka Kodwa eRussia, kwenzeka ezimbalwa ngaphambili, sibonga Didlo futhi Istomina, lokhu kuye kwaholela izinguquko samanje ballet.

ukuvuthwa

Avdotya ezazikhonze Ballet Imperial iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. izindima wakhe kamuva kubhekwe Rosalba ka "Dona Karlosa", isiNtaliyane uSusanna "Almaviva futhi Rosina" Eliza e "Pazhah Vendôme Duke"; Countess Albert e "Isifundo umthakathi," njll Kuyo yonke le minyaka, waqala gruznet, futhi ngokuvamile baba ukhathele ... Waqala ukunikeza izindima ambalwa. Ngo 1830, waqala isifo uzwane, futhi kwadingeka ukuba ahambe ukulingisa amaqembu. namesake wakhe Avdotia Panaeva e Umlando wakhe wakhokha ballerina oluvelele amakhasi ambalwa. "Istomin iminyaka engu-40 liye laba elingahlelekile, owesifazane rastolstevshie. Wazama Young futhi wasebenzisa eningi ukwakheka - phambili esimhlophe futhi Rouge. Izinwele it is hhayi wathinta nge grey, futhi babesalokhu abamnyama njengoba phezulu. Kwakukhona amahemuhemu ukuthi ubeyisibenzi imibala yawo. "Njengoba bekhula abashisekeli hhayi kuye, futhi wayebasiza abaculi abasha, kwakungabafundi umlingisi okukhulu Godunov. Theatre baxgeki babembheka ezingasebenzi, kodwa Istomin wangaba imibono yabo. + Yena wayengumbulali ezingaphansi kuka wakhe engu-21 Nokho, lokhu ayiwathiyi ukushada. unika ngokumthumelela izipho ezibizayo, amadayimane, ngeqholo wahlala naye emabhokisini nkundla futhi ujabulele izinzuzo ukuphila okwanelisayo. kodwa ngokumangalisayo, umyeni osemusha ngokushesha waphathwa typhus, wafa. Avdotia usizi wanquma ukuya njengoba indelakazi kodwa ngaphambi kokuba mayelana hhayi doschlo, futhi waqhubeka ukukhonza njengephayona yaseshashalazini.

isiphetho sendaba

I ISIKHATHI sokugcina okukhulunywa ngaso igama ballerina phezu playbill kwaba ngoJanuwari 1836, kanye nokusebenza kwakhe kokugcina okwenzeka e Alexandria Theatre ngosuku lokugcina Januwari wonyaka ofanayo. Nokho, ngemva kwalokho, yena waphila iminyaka 12 futhi wafa ikholera. Umngcwabo wayethobekile, akekho ngisho bakhumbula ukuthi kuye kwaba esinye sezikhathi abadansi kulenkhulu isikhathi sakhe.