Art lesidze Islam

Ubuciko Islam - uhlobo art, ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho inkolo isimo kwaba Islam. Ngo izici zako ezisemqoka, kwavela phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi. Yingaleso sikhathi emazweni Arab kanye nezifunda lapho Islam wazalelwa, babamba iqhaza elikhulu ku-impucuko izwe. Sikhalo ekhethekile yobuciko Islamic, okwakhe zalo nasemasikweni alo bakwazi ukuthola ukuba ahambe beyond isikhathi nendawo futhi babe yingxenye yefa jikelele.

indaba

Isiko Islamic uye kwavela njengoba enzeka yesikhombisa AD leminyaka. Kodwa izimiso zenkolo eshiwo izazi zemfundiso yenkolo yayo kanye nokuqeda ivela incazelo Torah wamenqabela ukwenza izithombe eziphilayo. Ngisho nemithetho kakhulu ukhathazekile akunakwenzeka ukusebenza umdwebo noma ebaziwe kaNkulunkulu (Allah). Ngakho-ke, lapho le nkolo embula ehlane Arabian empumalanga, kuze kufike e-India, futhi sibhekene amasiko endawo, it is okokuqala wabaphatha ubutha. Okokuqala, Islam kubhekwa ubuciko kwamanye amazwe, abangamaqaba, futhi, okwesibili, kube lalibuswa izithombe onkulunkulu abahlukahlukene, abantu kanye nezilwane. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isiko Muslim namanje zamukela izimiso yobuciko, reworked kubo bese udala isitayela sakho siqu kanye nemithetho. kwavela Ngakho ubuciko Islam. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba nje izazi Muslim kusifunda ngasinye has izici zayo siqu namasiko isibe sincike zezwe kanye namasiko alo.

izici Isici ezobuciko Islam

Okokuqala, njengoba nohlu lwezincwadi lokhu isiko yasungulwa izakhiwo kanye umhlobiso. Yayisekelwe amasiko WaseByzantium, amaGibhithe nabama art Persian kwesikhathi pre-Islamic. Kwamanye amazwe, kuvinjelwe nokuboniswa abantu nezilwane egqoka ephemeral kakhulu emvelweni, njengensimbi e-Iran. Kamuva wasuka art Islamic nezobuciko plastic amafomu. libhekene ukwakhiwa ne domes ezinkulu namasiko Muslim, a lot of ukunakwa ikhokhelwa imidwebo kwangaphakathi yamatshe futhi ingaphakathi, hhayi ukubukeka, ezinemibala egqamile futhi ecebile, wesimethri, futhi ukuba khona i Arabesque, okubizwa ngokuthi mukarnasov. Zehla ngesimo honeycombs, nge izigodi eziningi futhi ayimigodi.

zinhlobo

art Islamic yilona eliphezulu ukuwedlula wonke ukuthuthukiswa yayo bekulokhu emkhakheni bokwakha. Kulesi isitayela ezakhiwa izakhiwo zenkolo hhayi kuphela, ezifana amathempeli noma madrassas, kodwa futhi izakhiwo wokuziphilisa. Omunye izinhlobo ebaluleke kakhulu lokhu art calligraphy, okuyinto wasishiyela ifa ocebile ezaqanjwa zokuhlobisa. E-Iran kanye Muslim India, kwandile ezifana art amafomu ezingavamile yamaSulumane, efana umdwebo bese yesikhumbuzo. Futhi cishe kuwo wonke amazwe lapho le nkolo ababethi, kuye kwasungulwa onjalo owawuthandwa izinhlobo isicelo lokusungula njengoba ukhaphethi ukwelukwa kanye ukukhiqizwa izitsha zobumba.

izakhiwo

Banquma ukwaba ubuciko enkulu Islam enjalo kule ndawo - isitayela waseGibhithe, isiTatar, namaMoor futhi WaseTurkey. Olunye uhlobo bokwakha ezibhekwa lesibili noma ethathwe ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. AmaSulumane baye basungula imithetho yabo yokwakha kanye umhlobiso zezakhiwo, lapho Islam baba inkolo isimo emazweni ahlukahlukene, inani labakhulekeli yanda, futhi imihlangano yabo kwadingeka ukwakha mosque. Ekuqaleni, abakhi aphuma izidingo sokusebenza. Okungukuthi, mosque kwaba igumbi kunesidingo khona abantu, lo mihrab (niche ebhekene Mecca), minbar (epulpiti), kukhona igceke nge izindawo zokudlala, amanzi babezihlambulula isiko, nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey, kusukela lapho kukhona izingcingo umthandazo. Ukuze emathempelini lokuqala zibala Dome of the Rock (eJerusalema, ekhulwini lesikhombisa AD). Enkabeni yalo, kuba octagon futhi phakathi egcekeni anamagalari. Ngaphezu amathempeli kanye zenkolo ezikoleni - madrassas - izici Muslim eqondene babe izakhiwo ezahlukene zomphakathi. Ngokuyisisekelo caravansaries (yezihambi) hammams (okugeza), izimakethe zasendlini.

Amazwe kanye nezifunda

art Islamic ithole ukuthuthukiswa yayo isitayela waseGibhithe bokwakha. Izibonelo Mosque Ibn Tuluna (ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye) kanye Hassan Sultan (ekhulwini le-14) e Cairo. Lezi amathempeli kunikeze umuzwa amandla, babe usayizi umxhwele. Basuke embozwe eyinkimbinkimbi kwakunemibhalo eqoshiwe KaMose, futhi izindonga zabo ornamented nge arabesques, okungukuthi, izakhi eliqoshiwe Jomethri nalabo isitshalo. imihlobiso okunjalo okuphindayo ukuthi ugcwalise zonke imigodi wabonakalisa agumenti izazi Islamic mayelana engapheli "Indwangu yonke." Nemengamo ku amathempeli Dome umumo, futhi zisekelwa kwi ikholomu ngesimo elilengayo. Ngenxa Ngokwesibonelo ejwayelekile ka Iranian futhi Asian izakhiwo phambili Mausoleum Samadinov lwamakhosi e eBukhara. I Muslim yasePheresiya ikakhulukazi bathandile ukusebenzisa ekwakheni amathayili ukwakhiwa esime izinkanyezi phansi neziphambano, kuyiphi aliveza ezihlukahlukene izingoma.

Moresque

ezobuciko Islam, kanye bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo, yayina kakhulu ngesikhathi kubusa ama-Arabhu e-Spain. Ukubonakaliswa yesiteleka kakhulu ngakho angabizwa ngokuthi Isigodlo Alhambra e Granada. Lesi sakhiwo kanokusho ezihlukahlukene amakamelo ngokucebile ukuhlotshiswa namahholo manje nayo yayibiyelwe ngodonga nge imibhoshongo nezinqaba. It kudingeka siyinake ngokukhethekile, okubizwa ngokuthi egcekeni Myrtle nge emphemeni. Kusukela ke ungaya ehholo Wezithunywa, Dome zasendlini. Ngokusho yetinsita lapho ababusi Granada wathatha abameleli kwamanye amazwe. Enye egcekeni aziwa Lion. It is ibizwa kanjalo ngoba lo mthombo, okuyinto phakathi, esekelwe ukubaza 12 kwalezi zilwane. Esigodlweni kunezinye izindlu eziningi - odade ababili, iJudicial - eseqedile nge zikanokusho amakamelo KaMose namagumbi nge balcony, imipheme. Alhambra ibe yinhle kangaka isakhiwo elise phakathi izingadi kanye zezimbali. Ngo besenze nesitayela esifanako, futhi lakha i-Mosque Omkhulu e Cordoba (Mezquita).

India

Izici yobuciko Islamic ngokuphelele ezikuleli wobuciko bokwakha Islamic njengoba Taj Mahal. Kuyinto umkhiqizo ezikhathini zamuva. Libhekisela ekhulwini lesikhombisa kanye yayakhiwe oda umbusi Islamic Mughal lwamakhosi eNdiya Shah Cihan Okokuqala. Ngokwalesi sigaba isakhiwo inqanyulwa sikwele Dome phezulu, emi isiteji yokufakelwa eyenziwe ngemabula. Ezingosini ze-isakhiwo kukhona nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey. I Mausoleum yakhiwe eyenziwe ngemabula bese sandstone pink futhi ehlotshiswe namatshe ayigugu. Isakhiwo futhi ornamented nge kwakunemibhalo eqoshiwe segolide on isizinda black. Ngakho-ke, ngempumelelo umi phakathi esibhakabhakeni kanye zasemazweni. Ngaphakathi, it has a elingaphakathi ocebile, ehlotshiswe ngemihlobiso yegolide, isiliva nezinto KaMose.

Turkey

Ubuciko Islam amazwe ngokwanele emelelwa kulelizwe. Ekuqaleni, abaseTurkey eyakhelwe amathempeli abo kanye Arabhu. Kodwa kusukela ngekhulu nanhlanu, emva kokunqotshwa woMbuso WaseByzantium, art yabo kakhulu kuthonywa sesakhiwo umbuso bona Ayedle. Ngu uhlobo lamasonto endawo, bakhela mosque bunjwa wamaqhuqhuva, ne domes eziningi izakhiwo eduze, kanye egcekeni - iwan. I izimbali enkulu bokwakha Turkish ngenkathi Ottoman ufinyelelwe, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi Sinan. Lokhu wezakhiwo zaklama futhi zakha izindawo lenqwaba amathempeli, kodwa naye wakhetha ezintathu: ezimbili e Istanbul (Shah-emshabam futhi Suleymaniye) nowodwa Edirne (Selimiye). Letakhi abelwe nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey elinendawo domes ezinkulu kanye nemengamo ezicijile.

calligraphy

ezobuciko Islam kuyinto umkhakha ezibalulekile, njengoba umdwebo isicelo Muslim. It savela ikhophi kwezobuciko ngobunyoninco - Izincwadi engcwele. Ngemva kwalokho abe eseqala ezosetshenziswa umhlobiso amathempeli. Lencwadi ibizwa ngokuthi i-zesi-Arabhu noma 'Kufic', ngoba kukholakala ukuthi kungenxa kulo muzi wase-Iraq. Emazweni ahlukahlukene Islamic, calligraphy walethwa ngezinga eliphakeme sokuphelela. Master of the incwadi wayebuye stylist, isazi sezibalo bese umculi. Izinhlobo calligraphy emazweni Muslim babeze abagcotshwa. Ngo xv-XVII eminyaka, uhlobo olusha lokubhala - okubizwa ngokuthi i-China, lapho ogunyazwe wesandla eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izinhlobo wadala konke okuhilelekile. ithuluzi lomdwebi kwaba mhlanga ipeni (kalam), yena ochinki indlela ebheka isitayela. Calligrapher kwakudingeka babonise ukunambitheka yakho enkulu hhayi kuphela ikhono enhle yokubonisa izinhlamvu Arabhu, kodwa futhi ulwazi geometry kwendawo, kanye ifa ubuciko nomhlobiso - weJiyomethri, isitshalo, zoo, noma laba balobi abakuloba.

Okuncane kakhulu

Izici of Fine Arts Islam liqukethe yokuthi ungavumeli Nkulunkulu laba balobi abakuloba kule inkolo. Ngakho-ke, lokusungula kwezobuciko ngaphandle ngesikhathi endaweni sacral washiya kuphela isiko wokuziphilisa. Kodwa ukusakazeka kwalo uye kwakuxhomeke emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ngo Qur'an, akukho ukuvinjelwa ngqo ku nokuboniswa abantu nezilwane, kodwa e-Hadith - amasiko Islamic - sola esinjalo siyisivikelo. Ngokuyinhloko Painting unabe umhlobiso ukunethezeka ncwadi imifanekiso - emincanyana. Ngokuyinhloko, kwafinyelelwa lalichumile enkulu e-Iran, e-Asia Ephakathi futhi Indian Mughal Empire. emincanyana Persian esekelwe imidwebo mural yezwe isikhathi pre-Islamic. It savela ncwadi imifanekiso, kodwa abaculi Iranian ngokushesha kwamenza i uhlobo ezimele. Baye basungula enhle kakhulu uhlelo olungokomfanekiso lapho umbala, isimo, ukwakheka kanye inkulumo kuye kwahlanganiswa ukudala linye. abaculi Persian esetshenziswa ngamabomu indiza uhlobo image, kunokuba ngakuthathu. Amaqhawe salo mdwebo, njengoba umthetho, kukhona ephelele yengxoxo futhi baphila ezweni ephelele. Workshop emincanyana kwakuvame emtatsheni shah, noma kitabhane. Kusukela ngekhulu le-nesishiyagalombili Umdwebo Iranian waqala zinethonya elinamandla ubuchwepheshe European nasesikweni lamaJuda.

Arts & Crafts: zobumba, ukweluka

Lezi izimboni, kuye kwasungulwa Iran, Azerbaijan, I-Asia emaphakathi, naseTurkey. Ikakhulukazi bodumo zobumba yezakhiwo. Kungaba ukuba bafaniswe akhiwe noma ubumba ezibaziweyo. Kodwa futhi elalidume kunawo wonke kwakuyi-ebheke zezakhiwo ngosizo multi-umbala ngesineke majolica. Lokho ulunika Chic futhi zikhanyise izigodlo asempumalanga. Njengoba ngoba izitsha imidwebo, kukhona indima eyadlalwa ukuvinjelwa ukusetshenziswa isiliva negolide izidingo zasendlini. Nokho, inkosi Islamic wazama ukwenza zobumba ziyavutha futhi kukhanye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, saqala ukwenza nokucwebezela okuzothile phambili, futhi wazama ukwakha into efana zobumba Chinese. Ngakho-ke yasungulwa koqweqwe lwawo imhlophe ilungele enamathela Cookware, kanye igolide nesiliva imiphumela ukucelela ngonyaka. Amatshe eminingi yasendulo zatholakala eGibhithe. Bangabakhe ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye. Carpet ukwelukwa esikhiqiza nangezinhlaka zizalelwe ngaphandle ukuze athandaze. Izinhlobo zalesi art sasingamashumi amabili - fancy lapho amaphethini kanye bobunjwa Jomethri ezihlangene, futhi olungokomfanekiso, nge izigcawu wokuzingela, izimpi kanye namathafa. Uhlobo wesibili bungavami. Thina won enkulu Inkazimulo futhi Fluffy mata Persian, futhi isu elikhethekile amakhosi Turkish.

Inani yobuciko Islamic

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi sikhuluma izici zamasiko enkolo ethile, the lisho ukuthini igama elithi kudlulela ukuzwana nabantu. Ezweni Muslim, imidwebo, izakhiwo, nezinye izinhlobo zobuciko kubonise bezibona kwabantu ingokomoya, amagugu futhi yini ebazungezile. Isici esiyinhloko lolu isiko kuyinto ukuphishekela ubuhle, okuyisibonakaliso wemfundiso yenkolo. Bobunjwa be-Jomethri futhi amaphethini afana Ciphers zembula ulimi yonke, futhi amaphethini ngokuphinda abonisa infinity yayo. ubuciko obusetshenzisiwe uzama ukwenza izinto zansuku zonke enhle. Isiko Islam liye laba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni eNtshonalanga Yurophu, kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi.