Archaisms futhi historicism. Izibonelo value futhi

Wonke umuntu ofuna ukufunda nokuthuthukisa, ngaso sonke isikhathi silwele ukufunda okuthile okusha futhi ewusizo bona. Kubhekwe silulumagama ebalulekile ikakhulukazi ngokuthi sekuyisikhathi eside hhayi kuphela kwaba ngezinga elithile erudition, kodwa futhi kungasiza nasezimweni ezingalindelekile. Kulesi sihloko uzofunda mayelana lokho archaisms futhi historicism. Izibonelo amazwi kanye nesimongcondvo saleso futhi ingase ibe wusizo ikakhulukazi ukwazi ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi.

historicism

Archaisms futhi historicism - uhlobo oluthile silulumagama. Lokhu kuhlanganisa eside amazwi zaphela. Izibonelo: historicism - ngembazo; archaisms - Zelo, lokhu. Ngu historicism angamagama izinto ezazisetshenziswa okhokho bethu, futhi kuze kube manje lapho ngaphandle ngayo eminyuziyamu. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "musket", esimelela isikhali lasendulo esasetshenziswa eRussia emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka edlule. Ngu historicism osebenza igama elithi "ngembazo", umele omunye izinhlobo ukulwa izimpahla. Kuyinto into lifana nembazo yesimanje, kodwa izindwani ezimbili.

Kanjani historicism

Isizathu esiyinhloko yokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ulimi uvele historicism, kwaba ushintsho ekuphileni evamile wawobaba, amasiko, isayensi kanye namasiko. Ngokwesibonelo, izinto eziphilayo wengubo izingubo -'s, elingenamikhono, ibhantshi - ungasakwazi ukusebenzisa, futhi lokhu kuye kwaholela ukunyamalala amagama abo ezivela olimini. Manje le miqondo kungatholakala kuphela izincazelo zomlando. Maningi amagama angasasekelwa esetshenziswa, futhi manje base zibizwa ngokuthi "historicism" isigaba. Isibonelo salokhu - umbono wokuthi ngandlela-thile uthinte of serfdom eRussia. Phakathi kwabo - intela, nezibopho zabasebenzi, ukufaka.

archaisms

Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa amagama asho nasezintweni nasemiqondweni ethile ukuthi khona kuze kube manje, kodwa anamagama esishintshile. Ngokwesibonelo, okhokho bethu, esikhundleni wanamuhla ngokuthi "lo" uthi "lokhu" futhi "kakhulu" linjengezwi "kakhulu." Historicism futhi archaisms, izibonelo zazo zitholakala imisebenzi eminingi tetemibhalo, akuyona ilikhiphile ngokuphelele ngamanye amazwi, bayazibuza nje kancane ukushintshwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ifonotiki noma morphologically.

Indlela archaisms benza

Lolu hlobo amazwi esiphelelwe wabonakala ngenxa yokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngusiphi silulumagama uyashintsha, namatemu kufakwe nge nezinye izilimi. Ngakho, amanye amagama esikhundleni abanye, kodwa anomqondo ofanayo. Lena ingxenye lamagama uye abaselona okwakhe, kodwa ingabe usekhona ngokuphelele olimini. La mazwi zigcinwa izincwadi, imibhalo nokunye. Ukudala tindzaba temlandvo letingasilo liciniso abazi kudingeka bakwazi lokuphinda ukunambitheka kwenkathi kuchazwe.

archaisms ifonotiki

Ukuze lolu hlobo zihlanganisa amazwi yesimanje kanye imiqondo ukuthi sihluke ifa kuphela imisindo ambalwa, ngezinye izikhathi igama elilodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, archaisms ifonotiki kungafaka phakathi amagama anjengokuthi "imbongi", eyagcina savela zibe "imbongi" nelithi "umlilo" waba "umlilo."

archaisms morphological

Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa amazwi ziye zaphelelwa isikhathi e oyiyo. Lezi zihlanganisa ibizo elithi "ngesihluku" owaba "ngesihluku", sichasiso "ethukile" savela ibe "kwemizwa", igama eliyisenzo elithi "ukugoqwa", okuyinto manje ofunda ngokuthi "wehluleka" kanye nabanye abaningi.

archaisms semantic

Archaisms futhi historicism, izibonelo amazwi atholakala yonke indawo, futhi ivame ukuba ekugcineni alahlekelwe ilungelo ukuthi sisho ukuthini ngempela. Ngokwesibonelo, "ngehlazo" yesimanje phambi kwakusho limane nje "umbukwane" kanye esidala "abavamile 'wayesho into kwenziwe ngosuku olulodwa (isibonelo," ngendlela evamile "), hhayi" abavamile ".

ukusetshenziswa wesimanje

Ngezinye izikhathi la mazwi, akusebenzi, washintsha ukuze uqale ukusebenzisa inani elisha. Lokhu kungathiwani archaisms kanjani futhi historicism obakhathalelayo. Isibonelo salokhu - igama elithi "lwamakhosi". Esikhathini esithile esidlule ke okwamiswa ngalo ukuba kusetshenziswe, kodwa manje emuva vogue. Uma ngaphambili kwakungase kuphela kuhlanganiswe amagama anjengokuthi "bobukhosi 'futhi" monarchical ", kodwa manje ububanzi bokusebenzisa yayo ikhule kakhulu. Manje ungakwazi ukuzwa lwamakhosi of abagawuli noma abavukuzi, okuyinto kusho ukuthi lo msebenzi luthathwe ubaba endodaneni. Ngesinye isikhathi amagama akusebenzi kungatholakala i umongo kuyindida.

inkulumo esitebeleni

amazwi esiphelelwe siqhubeke ibe seyisebenza ngokugcwele ngolimi njengengxenye izinkulumo isilungisiwe. Ngakho, siyaqhubeka ezinye historicism. Isibonelo: igama elithi "izithupha" isasetshenziswa ngolimi ku "nokunensa" ibinzana, okusho "asonge". I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana inkulumo ozinzile "lola fritters," okusho ukuthi, "yammer".

Ukonakala VS Revival

Kwenzeka kanjalo ukuthi amazwi izazi zezilimi ziye babehlanganyela historicism, futhi zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi imiqondo abakubonisayo, waphinda zaqala ukusetshenziswa. Into efanayo kungenzeka nalapho ke sidalwe into entsha ukuthi nganoma iyiphi indlela efana umqondo yisikhathi noma ehambisana nayo. Manje la mazwi historicism neze okusikhumbuza. Isibonelo: kusihlwa esiza abantulayo, Ensign.

isiphetho

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi nakuba wonke la mazwi angenhla akusebenzi kukhona ichibi kunalokho yokwenziwa silulumagama, bona bengayeki ukuthi lidlale indima ebalulekile. Ukufunda imisebenzi enjalo abalobi ovelele njengoba UTolstoy, Dostoevsky noma Mayakovsky, ungakwazi ngokuvamile kakhulu ingatholakala historicism futhi archaisms, futhi ukuqonda ngokunembile umqondo wokuthi umbhali wayechaza ukuthini, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kwabo. Ngakho-ke, uma bethola igama elingajwayelekile, kungcono ubheke isichazamazwi onegunya.