Amazinga Certification: Rosstandart. Isinqumo amazinga isitifiketi

Ngo-September 2010, isimemezelo kwanikezwa uhulumeni waseRussia, lapho inqubo enqunyiwe amazinga isitifiketi. Rosstandart athuthukile isiqondiso imibhalo isiqondiso ekuqinisekiseni ukufana izilinganiso. Ulwazi mayelana namazinga nesilinganiso eqinisekisiwe yethulwe Imininingwane Federation Isikhwama, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekisa indinganiso zifane ezweni lonke. Iyini mazinga isitifiketi, Rosstandart kunqunywa njalo futhi icubungulisise, yilokho kanye ezocatshangelwa kulesi sihloko.

Iyini indinganiso

I umthamo ngamayunithi angakahleleki tintfo lucobo (nesilinganiso ejwayelekile) ngokuthi yokulinganisa izindlela noma iqoqo kubo, okuyinto senzelwe ukugcina futhi (noma) ukudlala unit, futhi ukudlulisa lingakanani nesilinganiso kusho ebhekene aphansi Samandla isikimu. Lokhu kusho yokulinganisa (noma izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi) avume njengendawo inqubo ejwayelekile esungulwe, okuyinto namazinga isitifiketi. Rosstandart inikeza nenkambo yayo eyinhloko amanothi.

Okokuqala, umklamo inkomba, kuba iqoqo izakhiwo nezindlela ekukhiqizweni iyunithi inquma ubunjalo nobungako bomzimba, lizinga imishini nesilinganiso endaweni ethile. Okwesibili, Rosstandart amazinga isitifiketi inikeza kuphela esimweni lapho inkomba inezici okungenani ezintathu ezibalulekile, nomunye ahlobene eduze. Lokhu nokungaguquguquki, reproducibility futhi slichaemost.

Amazinga aphansi nezamabanga aphakeme

1. Izinga oyinhloko (standard okuyinhloko) ngokuthi umuntu enikeza ukudlala iyunithi ngokunemba eziphakeme kakhulu kuleli zwe uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga unit efanayo. Nalapha futhi, ukwenza inothi Rosstandart. isitifiketi amazinga Metrological izakhiwo (kuphela amazinga eyinhloko amayunithi) akuxhomekile property nezinye amazinga Metrology, lapho kulinganiswa ingcosana iyunithi efanayo.

2. eyinhloko ngokuthi standard ekhethekile lapho eveza iyunithi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, isb at amaza okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ultrahigh at amandla ongaphakeme futhi high, amazinga okushisa, izingcindezi ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile, futhi izinto ezifanayo. Futhi lezi zimo ukusebenzisa indlela athuthukile kototye Rosstandart. amazinga Certification ekukhiqizweni iyunithi ngaphansi kwezimo ngokucacile kakhulu, kwenziwe ngokuvumelana neziqondiso kuzo.

3. ejwayelekile Okwesibili (standard zesibili) ngokuthi umuntu othola Usayizi iyunithi endinganisweni eyinhloko iyunithi ngokwayo. Lezi zihlanganisa amazinga ukusebenza, amazinga amakhophi namazinga inkomba, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

Izikhombo ejwayelekile futhi umthombo

1. Izinga ukuqhathanisa (ukudluliswa ejwayelekile) ngokuthi secondary, esetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa, uma oyinhloko akukwazi ngononina ngqo. amazinga Certification amayunithi Rosstandart sinquma ukuziphatha futhi ezimweni ezinjalo.

2. I-ONLINE LIBRARY okujwayelekile (inkomba ejwayelekile) ngokuthi nguye has izimfanelo eliphakeme metrological walabo atholakalayo lolu hlobo nesilinganiso endaweni yokucwaninga, esikhathini ibhizinisi, inhlangano, inkonzo noma i-ejensi esifundeni, izwe noma eqenjini elithile lamazwe . Lisuselwa original inkomba isinqumo amayunithi ongaphansi ke ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi wokulinganisa.

Lapha, maqondana namazinga isitifiketi amayunithi Rosstandart futhi kukunika amanothi amabili. Okokuqala nje, amanye amazwe CIS zisebenzisa esikhundleni original ejwayelekile yesibili enikeza umqaphi ejwayelekile iyunithi usayizi, kuba ejwayelekile eyinhloko yezwe. Okwesibili, labo amazinga ngaphansana kokuqala Samandla isikimu uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi amazinga abangaphansi.

Etalon-ikhophi umsebenzi, kanye nendinganiso isimo

1. Izinga ikhophi okuthiwa yesibili, esiklanyelwe ukuba adlulisele ejwayelekile iyunithi usayizi umsebenzi, indawo kwezinye izimo kulingane, ngisho izinga eyinhloko, nakuba akusiyo ikhophi esiqondile ngokomzimba wakhe njalo. amazinga Certification amayunithi lungaphezu mancane amathuba okuthi ukusebenzisa le ndlela.

2. Izinga zokusebenza (standard ukusebenza) ibizwa ngokuthi yesibili okuxhunyanwa iyunithi sayizi imodeli olunembile kakhulu kusho angakahleleki.

3. State ejwayelekile eyinhloko isizathu esiyinhloko, ngesinqumo egunyaziwe isimo umzimba umthombo neyaziwayo endaweni ukuthi State. Isibonelo zindinganiso isitifiketi amayunithi kungenzeka yomphakathi namazinga Kilogram -meter, esesibili, Kelvin, ampere, Newton, Candela, Pascal, BQ, volt.

Ukuze isimo eyinhloko esezingeni iyunithi kunemithetho ethile: bona zihlale impahla kahulumeni hhayi kuncike azimele, lokho Ibeke imithetho efanele. Zisetshenziswa futhi agcinwe State Research Centre of Metrology.

Amazinga ezweni noma emhlabeni jikelele

Izinga kazwelonke (standard kazwelonke) is elibizwa yaqashelwa ngokomthetho njengezwe umthombo kuleli zwe. Empeleni, lo mqondo kuvumelana nencazelo yesibili ejwayelekile isimo, ngenhlonipho lapho kukhona isinqumo ekhethekile izindinganiso isitifiketi. Ngakho-ke, leli gama osebenza ku amacala ukuqhathanisa ledzingekako namazinga amazwe ahlukene ne kwamazinga amazwe ngamazwe, kanye iziqhathaniso isiyingi (inombolo yamazwe amazinga). Kodwa okokuqala, izwe ngalinye eyenziwa namazinga izitifiketi ngosayizi. Rosstandart uthi ubukhulu unit ngayinye kuleli zwe.

standard International (standard international) ngokuthi umuntu utholwa isivumelwano samazwe njengoba njalo jikelele harmonization usayizi amayunithi ezigcinwa futhi idlalwe emuva njengoba izilinganiso zikazwelonke. Ngokwesibonelo, amakhilogramu sibonelo okuyinto lilondolozwe BIPM, kwabulala Jikelele lenkomfa lokuqala izilinganiso (CGPM).

Amazinga olulodwa futhi iqembu

standard Single ngokuthi nguye likabani isakhiwo kukhona eyodwa kuphela idivayisi wokulinganisa (umshini ejwayelekile, ukulinganisa insimbi noma ngesilinganiso) yokugcina futhi (noma) ukudlala a unit. Lapho ubabonisa ngokuvumelana Rosstandart, amazinga isitifiketi, uyala Federal Agency for Metrology futhi Technical Regulation phezu izindlela zokulinganisa kumele kwenziwe ngokuqinile. Yizo ezinquma oda yokucabangela kwemibhalo wedlula kubo yokugunyazwa ukuqinisekisa ukufana ephelele izilinganiso, lapho endaweni ngabe lokhu imisebenzi eyenziwa.

iqembu Izikhombo (standard collective) ngokuthi ireferensi, lapho kudingeka khona nesilinganiso ezuziwe kusho uhlobo olulodwa noma ububanzi bamanani okuzisholo isicelo ndawonye ukunemba noma ukukhiqizwa kabusha Iyunithi uyibeka. amazinga zeqembu zingcono Ukwakheka variable noma njalo. Umphumela arithmetic kusho emva amayunithi wokulinganisa noma uhlobo olufanayo inkomba sokulinganisa zomculo.

amazinga abajikelezayo inkomba isethi

Izikhombo isethi (iqembu ejwayelekile) ngokuthi yereferensi, ka esakhiwa iqoqo sokulinganisa zomculo ezahlukene, bese kuba nokwenzeka ukugcina eyodwa noma ukukhiqiza kabusha kuyo amabanga united yalo. Ukuze lolu hlobo amazinga nezilinganiso, kukhona irejista (Rosstandart). amazinga isitifiketi kwenzeka ezimeni isidingo ezimboze indawo ethile ngokomzimba ubuningi amagugu.

standard Uthuthwa (standard ojikelezayo) ejwayelekile ngokuvamile ukwakhiwa ekhethekile okuhloswe ukuthutha endaweni zokuqhathanisa amazinga noma ethize iyunithi yokulinganisa (Samandla) nesilinganiso izindlela. Ukuqinisekisa amazinga Rosstandart iyunithi uchitha esiteji ezithile. amazinga Umnikazi lokuqala ukulungiselela iphakheji kwemibhalo (inombolo oda 36 ka 2014), okubandakanya isitifiketi iqinisekiswa kokuqala kanye nokukhipha izitifiketi passport ejwayelekile nesicelo futhi okuqukethwe standard, equkethe SiGaba indlela nokuhlola. Ngaphezu kwalokho umnikazi ejwayelekile idwetshwa nesicelo e Rosstandart. Certification migomo idinga kuhanjiswa yayo, ukuze bakwazi ukuqinisekisa imiphumela kokuqala isitifiketi futhi urekhode idatha ngalezi lokuma ku wokuBhaliswa Federal Imininingwane Isikhwama.

recertification

Indinganiso kufanele kube njalo ukuthola isiqinisekiso ukuhambisana, ngakho ngesikhathi esifanele umnikazi ithumela imibhalo luhlolo. Uma imiphumela emihle ke, Rosstandart wakhipha umyalelo ekuvumeleni idatha inkomba, futhi ziyoba isisekelo ngokufaka lolu lwazi ku esigabeni esifanele Federal Imininingwane Isikhwama.

ukunquma izindinganiso ezinjalo zidinga isitifiketi Rosstandart kwenziwe njalo, futhi isikhathi ngasinye umnikazi kumelwe ubazise imiphumela. amazinga abafanelekayo ahlelwe, ayothunyelelwa kuya electronic mbhalo yokuphathwa uhlelo, ngoba lapho umnikazi kumele ugcwalise ifomu. Uma imiphumela yokuhlola ongathandeki Rosstandart wathumela incwadi esemthethweni mayelana unsuitability ngoba ukuchibiyela idatha ye-Federal Imininingwane Isikhwama.

Isinqumo amazinga isitifiketi

Rosstandart - kuba Federal Agency for Technical Regulation futhi Metrology, okuyinto isigungu, sihlinzeke izinhlelo zomphakathi kanye nokuphatha isimo impahla emkhakheni Metrology nomthethonqubo lobuchwepheshe. Le nhlangano ibhekele kusukela 2004 Ministry of Trade and Industry of the Russian Federation. Ngo-2010, uHulumeni bamukela inani Ukulungiswa 734 nezinhlinzeko elawula ukwethulwa izidingo zomthetho izindinganiso nesilinganiso elisetshenziswa umthetho kahulumeni nokunikeza ukulandeleka.

Kukhona futhi liqukethe ulwazi mayelana nendlela ukuhlola ukuhambisana ngamunye ngosayizi ojwayelekile amayunithi angaphansi, futhi inqubo ukudluliswa amazinga isimo. Lokhu Regulation iqukethe imithi inqubo ukuqhathanisa, okuqukethwe, futhi ogunyazwe isicelo izindinganiso isimo primary. Uhulumeni Isinqumo kwethulwa izinqubo gqwa kokuqala amazinga isitifiketi yekuhlola sibuye sinike yokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nazo zonke izidingo.

inqubo isitifiketi

Isikhundla okunikezwa Ukulungiswa № 734, futhi inquma ukubunjwa imibhalo edingekayo izindinganiso isitifiketi nezinqubo. Ziyakwazi:

1. Ulwazi mayelana isitifiketi eyinhloko nocwaningo.

2. Imithetho kwesicelo kanye okuqukethwe standard.

3. Ukunqunywa mezhattestatsionnogo isikhawu.

Abanikazi izindinganiso eqinisekisiwe kungenzeka osomabhizinisi ngabanye noma izinhlangano ezingokomthetho. Bathumela yonke imibhalo ibhalwe Rosstandart ukwenza isinqumo mayelana imvume amazinga banamathela.

Oda Rosstandart

Ngo-January 2014 kwaba khona ngenombolo 36 Rosstandart, okuyinto kushiwo imvume ziqu kokuqala gqwa kanye ukulungiswa namazinga ukuvunywa.

Kumayelana namazinga nesilinganiso elisetshenziswa umthetho kahulumeni nekufana kokulinganisela. Certification kumele kwenziwe izincomo, equkethe izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyisishiyagalolunye kanye izincazelo izigaba isitifiketi oyinhloko (Isijobelelo 1) futhi ngezikhathi ezithile (Isijobelelo 9).

imisebenzi Rosstandart

Metrology eHhovisi Federal Agency ngokuhamba namazinga izitifiketi izenzo ezilandelayo:

1.'Bhalisa abanikazi isicelo.

2. Sivumo materials enikeza umnikazi nazo zonke izidingo komthetho waseRussia.

3. Nikeza oda okusalungiswa ku-Deputy Head of Federal Agency for Regulation zobuchwepheshe Metrology sokuvunywa indinganiso isignesha.

4. Umlando amazinga nezilinganiso.

5. Ikhophi ye-oda Ikhishwe ngezi ukwamukelwa umnikazi ejwayelekile.

6. Gcwalisa ezimali iphephabhuku udaba amakhophi ukuze zokuvunywa.

Okulandelayo FSUE "VNIIMS" ichaza inombolo yereferensi bese isitifiketi isifakazelo, okuyinto enomthelela isizinda solwazi.

okutholakele

amazinga Certification - umsebenzi volumetric, okuyinto eyenziwa hhayi kuphela inhlangano Rosstandart (FMC GNMI), kodwa osomabhizinisi ngabanye kakhulu noma izinhlangano ezingokomthetho eziqukethe isimo futhi sisebenzise izindinganiso futhi akukho ukufana izilinganiso.

Ukuze 2016 eRussia kukhona irejista 65 688 amazinga sivunyiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, FBU "Rostov UCM" yehlulekile qinisa namazinga 2016 1125, i-FBU "Volgograd cum" - 657, FBU "Krasnodar CSM" - 1256, i-FBU "laseStavropol cum" - 704, kanye FBU "cum Crimean" - 417.