Amathrendi ku ukuthuthukiswa kwemfundo eRussia. Ukuthambekela yentuthuko yesimanje uhlelo lwemfundo emhlabeni. Amathrendi ekuthuthukiseni imfundo ephakeme

Imfundo - umthombo amasu ka intuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho kanye namasiko kwezokukhiqiza umphakathi, ukuqinisekisa izithakazelo zezwe, ukuthuthukisa amaphoyinti kanye nobuqiniso ukuncintisana zombuso kuwo wonke amazinga womsebenzi enkundleni ngamazwe. Inqubo ukuhlanganiswa kwezindawo zamasiko kanye nokuqeqeshwa, ezesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe ukwethulwa kwezinkambiso yesimanje kanye namazinga e imfundo, isayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukusabalala siqu abazifezile kwamasiko kanye kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe. A umsebenzi obalulekile ikakhulukazi kungaba ukuqala yesayensi, indabuko, imfundo kanye nezinye amaphrojekthi ngokuhlanganyela, ukubandakanywa ososayensi nochwepheshe e izinhlelo zocwaningo.

Incazelo kanye nokuqaliswa emazinga emfundvo kazwelonke

Incazelo kanye nokuqaliswa emazinga emfundvo kazwelonke - lawa Amathrendi lomcoka ukuthuthukiswa imfundo eRussia lanamuhla. ukuqeqeshwa Integration siphathelene wonke amazinga, kodwa ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa kumiswa okuqukethwe yemfundo eyisisekelo. namazinga kaZwelonke zemfundo aqukethe isizumbulu ecacile nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho lokucuketfwe. Isilinganiso yothisha elifanele ukuqeqesha edidayo. Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ubunye ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni elawula ezenza zonke izingane ezivame imodeli kwamasiko nabanengqondo ngaphandle kokucabangela eyanele izimo zabo ngabanye. Bayanda, ungezwa umqondo wokuthi izilinganiso okuqukethwe wezemfundo akufanele kusho eqophelweni eliphezulu umfundi ngamunye. Ngakho, ngo-ukuqeqeshwa kungcono ukulungisa ubuncane ulwazi nemakhono ladzingekile, ngenkathi sigcina indawo ebanzi variativnyh lwezifundo. Yile ukuthi inquma isidingo izilinganiso imfundo nge ukwenzangcono amasistimu yokufundiswa umahluko.

Lithathelwe zezifundo kule mibandela futhi izidingo ezithinta abantu bamasiko ahlukahlukene kanye ne-multi-yobuhlanga umfundi akuxhomekile

izinhlelo okusha ukuqeqeshwa ubeka ukuziphendulela okukhulu nezinjongo: ukunikeza izingane nabantu letiphatselene nemasiko lahlukene nemiphakathi ezinhlanga nokwenziwa ulimi ubuncane ulwazi oluyisisekelo njengesisekelo ukuhlanganiswa ezakhayo nomphakathi. Ukuxazulula le nkinga kudinga umzamo omkhulu ezingeni umphakathi - zezikhungo, zezimali, ezombusazwe kanye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngqo zemfundo. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva ukuthuthukiswa ukuqeqeshwa kumigomo amaningi ivelele ngokukhethekile isiqondiso izinhlelo sesimanje kanye, ikakhulukazi, okuqukethwe ulwazi oluyisisekelo.

Ukunakekela, inhlonipho emasikweni ahlukene, inkulumo mpendulwano, yokufunda mutual nokunonophala mutual izizwe nezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene njengento yokuqala kumigomo yemfundvo kwamasiko amabili konke Amathrendi enkulu ukuthuthukiswa eyala esikoleni. Kuze kube yimanje, kukharikhulamu esikoleni kufakwe ulwazi ku impucuko ngaleso sikhathi nalabo bangaphambili yezifunda ezihlukahlukene geopolitical zezwe futhi izwe ngalinye, kanye zenkolo izifundo izifundo. A mkhuba esithile ekuthuthukiseni kohlelo lwezemfundo Uthola imizamo ezemfundo endawo nawesifunda. Ngo inqubo ukutadisha izihloko zemfundo ezithile (izingubo, ukudla, ukuzijabulisa, inhlanzeko), izingane zifunda ukuba aqonde, nokuba ahloniphe ilungelo wonke umuntu Otherness. Okubalulekile esimeningcondvo imfundo kwamasiko amabili babe esikoleni wezifundo zenkolo izifundo. Kufundziswa mazingafundiswa amaseshini yakhelwe ujwayeze abafundi nezinkolelo ezihlukile kwezakhe futhi izinkolo zezwe, imisebenzi ye-Universal Church futhi kuyenze abantu abasha ukuthi makabe nombono abazibheka, ukugxilisa izimfanelo zokuziphatha, ukuqinisekisa ukubekezelelana ukucabanga onezinkolo phakathi kwawo abantu bokholo ezahlukene.

Humanization futhi humanization okuqukethwe imfundo eyisisekelo

Humanity futhi abanye abantu kuyizici ukuthambekela immanent yentuthuko yokufunda zezingane. Futhi indima futhi ukubaluleka kwalezi zingxenye yefundo yesikolo has ukuthambekela okusobala phezulu. Imisebenzi ukuthi zenzelwe ukuxazulula isikole yesimanje, kudingeka acabangele hhayi kuphela izici neyobuntu futhi wosizo ukwakheka nokugcinwa kolwazi, kodwa futhi ukubhekana oluqinisayo nokuthuthuka kwazo. Ukuhlinzekwa kokukwazi egcwele, zokuvimbela yokungafundi obusebenzayo, professional sokuzinqumela kwabantu ukuzanelisa bona, komphakathi zabantu abasha - lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele izinkinga neyobuntu ngempela futhi yobuntu, okuyizinto zenzeka mkhuba ukuthuthukiswa isixazululo lamadolobha esimanjemanje wehlelo lefundo zombelele.

Nokho, izinkinga humanization futhi humanization ezisasele namuhla lokufaneleka ngokushesha yesikole. Qhubeka ku ukuphepha esikoleni zobudlova, ngemvume izimiso ukubekezelelana ekubambisaneni ubudlelwane zemfundo. Ngo inqubo efundisa humanities Kunconywa ukufunda kuphela impi kanye nemicimbi zezombusazwe, kodwa futhi ukunikeza abafundi ngolwazi amafomu ahlukahlukene kanye izici umsebenzi womuntu - ubudlelwane ukuhweba, imisebenzi yezomnotho, inkolo, ubuciko kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, ukuthambekela humanization futhi humanization angaphansi zonke izinhlobo ulwazi oluyisisekelo, manje yemvelo-lobuchwepheshe kanye zezibalo. Le mikhuba kwemfundo ziyasetshenziswa ekufundiseni umkhuba ngezindlela eziningana. okumqoka has futhi ukubaluleka-semantic isici yemvelo zezibalo ulwazi iyunithi, nakuba kuba esingokwemvelo ngokulinganayo futhi ulwazi lomuntu. Ukuphila komuntu - lena okubaluleke kakhulu.

Amathrendi ku Ezemfundo Development eChina

Ukusebenzisa isipiliyoni eenarheni ezithuthukako emkhakheni ephakeme Pedagogical imfundo e China ngokuqinisekile mkhuba omuhle kula mashumi eminyaka amuva. EChina, kukhona amanyuvesi eziningi Ukubambisana nezikhungo angaphandle, ngo-Ephreli 2006, le bezingaphansi 1100. Esikhathini-yalolucwaningo 70. kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Phakathi yangaphandle eyodwa wakhethwa. It has nezihibe: buka eyodwa emaceleni, control unomphela, kulandela imibono Mao Zedong. EChina amanyuvesi Pedagogical, kanye abangekho emkhakheni wokufundisa, izinto eziyinhloko zihlanganisa: imfundo ngemibono kanye zokuziphatha, izisekelo umthetho, nezimiso wefilosofi kaMarx, kaMarx zezombusazwe izimiso zesayensi, ukungena emfundisweni Mao Zedong, ukungena emfundisweni Dena Syaopina.

Ngokomlando, ngo-ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. kwahlonzwa ezindaweni eziyisithupha China, lapho babhaliswa khona izikole, othisha isitimela elise: endaweni Beijing, endaweni esiFundazweni North-Eastern, Hubei wesifunda, Si Chuan wesifunda, Gun Dun futhi Jiang Su. China - ezweni elikhulu kanye izifundazwe yimpumelelo nezicebi yilezo umkhawulo olwandle. Entshonalanga yezwe (lapho ehlane) nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu sokuthuthukisa imfundo ephakeme. Akubona bonke abathweswe iziqu amanyuvesi Pedagogical ufuna ukuhamba kuze kufinyelele emajukujukwini yezwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisemakhaya. Ngakho-ke, umgomo wombuso ukugqugquzela lona osemusha emoyeni lokushisekela ubuzwe nokuzinikela imibono lamaKhomanisi. EChina, njengasezindaweni emazweni amaningi emhlabeni, amayunivesithi lobuchwepheshe ukunika abantu izinsiza nokusekelwa ngokwezimali ngoba ukuthuthukiswa nokwenziwa ngcono. Wadala laboratories ekhethekile, izikhungo zocwaningo, ipulatifomu ucwaningo kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. Ngokwesibonelo, eBeijing Polytechnic University, afakwe ohlwini we plan isimo "Project 211", eligxile ezingeni global yentuthuko. Amanyuvesi Pedagogical kulesi sici ngemuva lobuchwepheshe. Amathrendi Positive ekuthuthukisweni kwemfundo yesimanje yibona, futhi kungenziwa wagomela ngokuthi inqubo sesimanje imfundo uthisha e China buthola umfutho omusha.

Ukuthuthukiswa imfundo ephakeme e-Ukraine ngokomongo Ukuhlanganiswa yaseYurophu

Okwandayo indima futhi Ukubaluleka kokuqeqeshwa umthamo wonke ekuhlinzekweni kwezinhlelo intuthuko emphakathini. Imfundo - umthombo amasu ka intuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho kanye namasiko esintu, izithakazelo zezwe, ukuthuthukisa amaphoyinti kanye nobuqiniso ukuncintisana zombuso kuwo wonke amazinga womsebenzi enkundleni ngamazwe. Amathrendi ku ukuthuthukiswa kwemfundo yesimanje e-Ukraine ukuchaza isu yenqubo Bologna. Ukwethulwa izimiso zalo iwukuthi Ukraine European ukuhlanganiswa isici futhi nemizamo yokwenza ngcono ukufinyelela izakhamuzi 'ekuthuthukiseni izinga lemfundo, idinga izinguquko ezijulile isakhiwo kanye okuqukethwe wezemfundo, ubuchwepheshe ekufundeni, ukwesekwa zabo zezimali bese methodological.

Ukuguqula imfundo kokubili ikhipha futhi substantively, kunendingeko yezenhlalakahle ukuphokophela namuhla. Ingena isikhala Bologna ukuze umphakathi Ukraine isibe esibalulekile futhi kudingekile ngenxa isidingo ukuxazulula inkinga ukuqashelwa amadiploma Ukrainian phesheya, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle futhi ikhwalithi yefundo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuncintisana Ukrainian izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme kanye abaphothule yabo kumandla European kanye nephasi loke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo akukho okuqinisekile ngekusasa kanye nezimiso ubudlelwane phakathi Ukraine ne-European Union. Lona omunye umgomo izingqinamba ukuhlanganiswa lemfundo Ukrainian ephakeme esikhaleni European. Indlela ukuphuma kulesi simo, iwukuba ukuphendula umbuzo: yini lo mkhuba e-Ukraine, ukuthuthukiswa kwemfundo efanele, kuye ngokuthi ezingeni lokulungela lemfundo Ukrainian ephakeme ukwenza kanjalo.

imfundo Modern ephakeme ePoland

Experience kubambana nelive letfu lokufanako kungaba isipiliyoni weRiphabhulikhi Poland, okuyinto izwe post-sezenhlalo lokuqala ukusayina "Bologna Declaration 'June 19, 1999. Ukuphela XX - ekuqaleni xxi leminyaka inkathi ukusayinwa noNgqongqoshe bezeMfundo ehola amazwe aseYurophu kwemibhalo ku ephakeme kabusha imfundo ngokuhambisana nemibandela ezakha kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla. Charter Olukhulu Amanyuvesi ngemvume Septhemba 18, 1988.

Manje Poland has izitayela best ukuthuthukiswa kwemfundo emhlabeni (emfundweni yesibili izinhlelo zobudokotela) intsha abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya ku-24. Lezi impumelelo yothisha Polish ziphila ndawonye nezinkawu nezingwenya ezijulile ukuphathwa ekuhlukanisweni nezwe rukovodsvom ephakeme. Nge zezinkonzo, okuyinto angaphansi kakhulu (umphakathi) izikhungo uhlele Central Council Emfundweni Ephakeme (esasungulwa ngo-1947), esakhiwa abamele 50 akhethwe amayunivesithi kanye wezesayensi (kuhlanganise odokotela 35, othisha 10 msebenzi lingenazo iziqu Doctor futhi futhi 5 ukumelela indikimba umfundi).

Umthetho anikezwe kwiBhodi eside amalungelo okugada, ngoba ngaphandle kwemvume isabelomali hhayi labelwe futhi ungahambi oda ezikhonzayo. Izikhungo zomphakathi imfundo ephakeme ukuthola izimali ezazisengcebweni isimo ukuhlangabezana nezinselele ezihlobene ukuqeqeshwa abafundi babhalisele uhlelo, abafundi iziqu kanye nabacwaningi; ekugcinweni kokuthula izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme, kuhlanganise ukulungisa izakhiwo, njll ... Lezi zimali zibekelwe kusukela isabelomali isimo, ephethwe yi-Ministry of Science kanye noNgqongqoshe wezeMfundo Ephakeme. amanyuvesi State ungababaleli imali yesikole, kodwa abafundi kumele benze imali esimweni iminyaka okuphindiwe ukuqeqeshwa ngenxa ukusebenza academic abampofu, izifundo ngezilimi zakwamanye amazwe futhi izifundo ezingekho kulolu hlelo. amanyuvesi State futhi wayamukela inkokhelo ngezinkonzo ivuma, nasemakolishi yomphakathi singala fee yokungena ezivivinyweni.

Amathrendi ekuthuthukiseni imfundo ephakeme eRussia

Imfundo Ephakeme, njengoba leyo nezikhungo zomphakathi phambili, njalo siguqula ngokuhambisana Dynamics izinqubo nomphakathi - kwezomnotho, kwezombusazwe, ezamasiko, ezenhlalo. Nokho, ukusabela izinhlelo zemfundo ukuze izingcingo zomphakathi kwenzekani ku-inertia ezithile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kukhona isidingo esiphuthumayo ngqo futhi unomphela ukushayela nemingcele eziyisisekelo eyala ngokuvumelana izinguquko ezaba khona kwezenhlalo. Okunjalo into njengoba isihloko okuqukethwe ekwakhekeni sesimanje Amathrendi. Inqubo yomthethosisekelo sinezici main ezimbili - nomphakathi kanye Pedagogical ngoba zihlobene kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, musa njalo ukushintsha ubukhulu yezenhlalakahle luyazishintshela uthisha. Kodwa ekugcineni ukubambisana kwabo kuba kudingeka umgomo futhi kudinga izenzo okwakuvunyelwene Pedagogical. Lesi sidingo ngokwengxenye kuzibonakalisa inqubo unomphela ukuguqula okuqukethwe yemfundo ephakeme e-Russia. Okusheshayo entuthukweni yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni kwezobuchwepheshe, kusungulwa izidingo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ezingeni lelisetulu ubudlelwane emakethe, umbuso wentsandvo yelinyenti nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana futhi ezinquma ukuthi izidingo bese bakha isizinda ukuthuthukisa okuqukethwe esikoleni esiphakeme.

Liyaziphikisa ngcono uhlelo lwezemfundo

Namuhla, ngcono abafundi zokuqeqesha usesikhundleni okuholela ngokomongo jikelele sesimanje okuqukethwe imfundo ephakeme. Echaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqukethwe lokufundisa amanyuvesi kanye nezikhungo, singakwazi ukuthola ezibalulekile ngokoMthetho izici dialectical ziyangqubuzana inqubo, njenge:

- I ukuphikisana phakathi isamba angenamkhawulo Nithole ulwazi lomuntu futhi kulinganiselwe zokuqeqesha. Ayikho ithuba umnyuziki ukubonisa lolu lwazi ngendlela ukujula sasivumela okugcwele efanele.
- ukungqubuzana phakathi ubuqotho indlela ngokomoya futhi nakho komuntu futhi mhlawumbe wahlukana noma kwezigwegwe abafundi bayo nokufundisa.
- I ukuphikisana phakathi okuqukethwe inhloso yolwazi kanye umnqopho amafomu nezindlela ukuwudlulisa nokwenziwa.
- I ukuphikisana phakathi conditioning yezenhlalakahle okuqukethwe yolwazi kanye ngabanye izici izidingo abafundi 'subjective futhi dispositions ukuthi ngaphambi ukumuncwa yayo.

Yesimanje Ezemfundo eRussia

Noma nini uma kungenzeka, othisha bavame ukuthambisa noma bushelelezi phezu kwalokhu okwehlukile. Ezindaweni ikakhulukazi imisebenzi sesimanje yesimanje ekubumbeni okuqukethwe esikoleni esiphakeme angaphansi Ngokwezinga elikhulu, yilo. Ngakho, Ezinye zezindawo ezibekwe eqhulwini ingathiwa ezilandelayo ekuthuthukiseni imfundo Amathrendi eRussia:

1.Sokraschenie igebe phakathi impumelelo yesayensi yanamuhla futhi wokuqinisekisa ukuziphatha.

2. nokunonophala futhi wesimanje ingxenye invariant we nokugcinwa imfundo ephakeme.

3. Ukubeka ezingeni eliphezulu olinganise phakathi amabhlogo we humanities nolwazi yemvelo kanye zezibalo.

4. Humanization futhi humanization okuqukethwe yemfundo ephakeme.

5. Sohlelo Lwezifundo uphawu ngokwakha amabhlogo multi-izigwegwe okudidiyelwe ulwazi okuqukethwe.

6. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa eyala zemfundo zomphakathi kanye nesiqondiso esisebenzayo we entsha ulwazi nobuchwepheshe.

7. Ukuzijwayeza zokuqeqesha kanye nokugcinwa yabo methodical ngokuvumelana nemibandela kanye nezidingo kwamasiko amabili futhi multi-yobuhlanga umfundi labantu.

8.Sovershenstvovanie nekuhlelwa kwetikhungo lezisekelo methodical yokufundisa izinhlelo ulwazi ukuqinisekisa nokwenziwa zabo by eningini elingaphezu kukahhafu abafundi.