Amanzi ukuhlanza namanzi emva ukuhlanzwa. Ukuqhathanisa amanzi okuphuza ngaphambi nangemva uhlanzekile

Isaga sasendulo sithi: Thina - lokho esikudlayo isiphuzo. Yilokho ukuphila. Kube Ngeke siphikisane, ngoba umzimba yethu cishe ayisikhombisa nanhlanu amaphesenti - amanzi. Ngaphandle kwamanzi umuntu angaphila akukho isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto, futhi ogwadule bazokufa bebulawa amanzi emzimbeni emahoreni amabili. Ikhwalithi ukuphuza zemvelo kuthinta isimo umzimba womuntu. Futhi indlela esiphila kuxhomeke ezintweni eziningi, kodwa lwalugxile ukuthi amanzi esiwaphuzayo nalapho silungiselela ukudla kwazo.

Udaba lokuhlolwa kwesifo izinga lokuphila

Ukuqhathanisa amanzi okuphuza ngaphambi nangemva ukwelashwa amanzi ompompi e izinkomba eziningi akuzona okukhuthazayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi wethukile. Futhi lokhu incike izinga amanzi awo endaweni ethile futhi imvelo bangaphandle. . Lokho liyadingeka ukuhlaziywa kwemvelo izindawo: eduze kangakanani umthombo emadolobheni zezimboni ezinkulu. Ukuze komhlaba imithombo ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana nezinga lamanzi kunikeza analysis and ekwelapheni amanzi emthonjeni. Indlela ukuhlanza amanzi, ukuthi indlela yokuhlanza ndlela iphumelela kakhulu endaweni ethize, ukutshela ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali womthombo ekwelapheni.

Imibiko yezinhlangano eziningi international edingida izinga lamanzi, kukhona esesabisayo izibalo. emazweni angaphezu kuka-ayisishiyagalombili emhlabeni wonke uhlangabezana nezinkinga ezihlobene ukusweleka yayo. Futhi ingxenye yalezi amazwe ngokuvamile sisonqenqemeni lenkinga yamanzi. Kunenkinga ngesibalo, ingasaphathwa ikhwalithi yamanzi. Amanzi - uketshezi jikelele. Ngakho-ke, ephelelwe yisikhathi ukulungiselela amanzi ubuchwepheshe kanye ukuhlanzwa alandelayo ezimbonini izitshalo ukwelashwa amanzi musa inkinga kokuba amanzi amanani futhi uyingozi yezimbiwa (yensimbi, manganese, ithusi, mercury aluminium, njll) Futhi izinto eziningi eziphilayo (ammonia, nitrate, nitrites, phosphate, nabanye. ). Virological, ukuhlolwa bacteriological emazweni amaningi abonisa ukuthi lezi nemingcele kwezinkambiso ziyahlonishwa yonke indawo. Idinga yokuhlanza ezengeziwe ekhaya, isb. A. Kukhona usongo izifo ezibangelwa ama-virus, ama-bacterium, lenyama, namanye amagciwane. Indlela eshibhe kunazo magciwane, chlorination, uma ibanjwe ngokumelene imithetho kuholela esakha alihambelani impilo lemali umdlavuza chlorine compounds emanzini. Engeza lapha izinkinga zemvelo kanye nezinkinga Ukuwohloka amanzi ompompi yamadolobha zezimboni ubudala, futhi kuyacaca ukuthi esiphuthumayo inkinga. Amanzi ukuhlanza namanzi engahlanzekile ngemva ezahlukene kanjalo izinga njalo.

Industrial isikali uhlanzekile

amanzi Yemvelo kusukela emfuleni (idolobha njalo yamisa eduze kwezidumbu engokwemvelo amanzi) ingena itheku amanzi. Kubalulekile kakhulu indawo yayo, kocingo Kwenziwa umfula zonke izakhiwo zokuhlala kanye namabhizinisi edolobheni, kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi indawo enelanga. Ngemva amanzi eyanele ingena amathangi sedimentation, lapho kwangaphambilini uhlanzekile isinyathelo kuqala. Kuye izinga emanzini ukuze ukuhlanzwa amanzi nangemva zokuhlanjululwa, isetshenziswa sump noma cha reagents ezifanele. Ukuze ukukhulisa (coagulation) izinhlayiya imisiwe emanzini busuka yensimbi noma aluminium usawoti. Kusukela ethe njo ndawonye ukuqeda ukungcola ezilimazayo zokuhlunga esiteshini ukusebenzisa isihlungi anezikhala is wageza, abenziwe impahla amanzi-hlangothi noma insimbi engagqwali. Khona-ke, filtration kuhle kakhulu amanzi okuphuza Kwenziwa usebenzisa igobolondo ukuhlunga okuyinto isicupho izinhlayiya 5 microns. Amanzi emva yokuhlanza isihlungi kuncike ukulawula ukuqina, okuqukethwe yensimbi zokuhlanzwa olwengeziwe.

Special yokuhlanza esiteji - magciwane

Ukuphuza amanzi empompini edolobheni elikhulu lezimboni, nakuba eyanelisayo, kodwa namanje iningi labo ukunambitha. Kodwa ukwehluleka ukuhambisana namazinga inhlanzeko - kuyindaba for izinkantolo. On the amabhizinisi ezinkulu esimweni kukhona isimo esiphuthumayo, kodwa kumele ngokushesha azise umthengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye amanzi ngemva wokuhlanza ekhiqizwa ngokuphakeme ezimbonini ifinyelela umthengi, namanje kuncike kakhulu izinga amaphayiphi ohlelweni komuzi, izindlu zethu nezindawo zokuhlala. Ngakho-ke, indawo ekhethekile umjikelezo zokuhlanjululwa kuthatha yokugcina decontamination esiteji. Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu nengabizi of magciwane kuyinto chlorination. Kodwa ngenxa Ukwenyuka kwesilinganiso phezu izinto chlorine-aqukethe, le ndlela akusho ngcono ikhwalithi yamanzi kwayo kuleyo ndawo yokuhweba. Ukuqhathanisa amanzi okuphuza ngaphambi nangemva uhlanzekile chlorination ngezinye izikhathi ke kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi indlela lesi sikhathi sibe ithuba amanzi okuphuza disinfected.

ozonation magciwane

Ngemva magciwane chlorine emanzini umbukiso organochlorine compounds okuyinto qinani ubuthi babo ngisho nangemva sokuxazulula amanzi kampompi ekhaya. Kunezinkinga yokuntula amakhemikhali chlorine. Lezi zinkinga bancishwa indlela magciwane ngesikhathi izitshalo ukwelashwa usebenzisa impatho-ozone izinhlelo. Ezimweni eziningi, le ozonation isetshenziswa at the stage of belungiselela yokuhlanza. Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu futhi ephephile. Ozone eziningi ezanele zingaba ngqo endaweni lapho isicelo. Ozonation ingasetshenziswa lihambisana namanye oxidants, chlorine, kanye nokwelashwa ultrasound futhi ngemisebe ultraviolet. A nomphumela omuhle e-bacterium elwa unika lokuhlushwa i-ozone ka 0.4 ml ilitha imizuzu emine kuphela ngayinye. I ozonization amanzi okuphuza emva kokwelashwa It has ukunambitheka nezingahlobene nendaba amanyela nephunga angaphandle. Ukuphuza amanzi kucacile ngaphandle kokuyekethisa izakhiwo zayo zemvelo. i-ozone okweqile is ibe umoya-mpilo, ngaphandle impairing amanzi palatability. Isizathu ukuthi i-ozone decontamination indlela sisetshenziswa esingaphansi chlorination Kungenzeka ukuthi izakhiwo okungalungile solution-ozone aqueous bese wafunda ngokuningiliziwe njengoba umshini ohlanza amanzi futhi umshini ohlanza amanzi ngemva kuthinta umzimba womuntu.

Alternative izindlela magciwane

Iyiphi indlela magciwane ukhetha kunqunywa ikhumbula izindleko, ukusebenza, yebo, izamba kudingekile kwamanzi ahlanzekile. Mhlawumbe indlela endala nethonya zishintshe namanzi ion of yizicukuthwane izinsimbi (esiliva). Kuyaqondakala ukuthi le ndlela ingasetshenziswa yini ngezinga ezimbonini. Ngisho ngaphezulu ezingavamile, ngenxa yokungazethembi we ndlela inzalo ngu yokuchayeka emisebeni. Kodwa sokuphuza ukufakwa ukwelashwa amanzi emisebeni ultraviolet ngokwethukela iyasetshenziswa yasekhaya zokukhuculula indle.

yensimbi okweqile emanzini

Ngo eziningi ezindaweni e isizinda amanzi okuphuza ezivela emithonjeni komhlaba noma ebusweni amanzi ngemva wokuhlanza lemifanekiso isikhathi esithile sisagqame, kodwa ke uphendulela yellow. Yilesi isibonakaliso wokuqala ngokweqile yensimbi kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi okunjalo ukunambitheka ethize yezindlala. Ukuziba le nkinga kuyingozi nempilo yabantu kanye izinga lokuphila, t. Ukuze. Lokhu amanzi kuholela Ukuwohloka zikagesi zasendlini ezisebenzisa uketshezi olufanayo.

izindlela Universal zokuhlanjululwa kusukela yensimbi khona. Amanzi ekhishwe ezivela emithonjeni eliwumhlaba esetshenziswa reagent indlela usebenzisa chlorine efanayo noma i-ozone, okungenani - permanganate potassium noma sodium hydroxide. A amanzi akhishwa emithonjeni komhlaba, izindlela ezifanele usebenzisa reagents futhi reagentless aeration ezinjalo. Aeration - kuyinto olunzulu emoyeni umjovo ukuze oxygenation. Ekhaya, indlela esetshenziswa ngokweqile amanzi qhaqha izihlungi yensimbi ngezinto ezikhethekile susa oxidized futhi wavala yensimbi. ukunambitheka esibi amanzi ngemva lemifanekiso umshini ohlanza amanzi ubalekela cishe ngokuphelele.

amanzi kanzima

Ukuphumula endaweni ethile, uzwa: yini amanzi uthambile - sensipho asibizi ugeze off. Kodwa kukhona isitsha anda inkinga rigidity. Engingakusho nje kokukhumbula abenzi ukugqwala angcolile kanye itiye kunganambitheki noma ikhofi kwi amanzi, futhi kuyacaca ukuthi elilulaza izinga lokuphila komuntu. Ngokweqile nosawoti amanzi-encibilikayo wokwenza amanzi kanzima. Lokhu rigidity yesikhashana siqedwa by abilayo. Kodwa asidi enamandla nosawoti, sulfate kanye chloride ukwakha rigidity okuyinto ayishintshi ngesikhathi abilayo. Kuyinto njalo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, reagent esetshenziswa noma ukuhlanzwa izindlela ezibizayo - okokuqandisa, ziphuzo zazihluzwa, electrodialysis. Endaweni yasekhaya ukuze bahlanze kanzima komhlaba ukusetshenziswa okuhlungayo ukwakhiwa phezu Osmosis reverse. Amanzi ukuhlanza namanzi emva wokuhlanza Osmosis reverse ekucubunguleni nemiphumela umxhwele.

Osmosis reverse

Osmosis Ukuhlanekezela - obujulile, cishe kumaphesenti angu ayisishiyagalolunye nanhlanu we yokuhlanza. Ukwehlukanisa zonke izinto eziqukethwe emanzini uqhutshwa ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi semipermeable. Ulwelwesi esakhiwe ngezinto eziphambili ukungena nakwamanye amazwe. Kube polyamide, cellulose acetate nabanye. I ezimbotsheni ulwelwesi anosayizi elilodwa kuphela senkulungwane a Micron lapho kudlule amangqamuzana awuketshezi kuphela. Kukho konke ukungcola, kuhlanganise ama-bacterium, kuthiwa imali kwi ulwelwesi. Uma kukhona umbuzo mayelana nendlela ukuhlanza amanzi kampompi, kuba izinga, okuthembekile, indlela imvelo ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo engokwemvelo amanzi ngemva ukuhlanzwa.

Carbon izihlungi. Kwandzisa amanzi amaminerali

Izihlungi ezisebenza ukusetshenziswa izakhiwo sorbing carbon isebenze asetshenziswe izigaba lokugcina emva kabi lapho kudingeka ukuqeda ukuphambuka engabalulekile umbala, nephunga noma ukunambitheka. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo amaminerali yemvelo isetshenziswa: Intaba asebenza ngebhethri, i-silicon shungite. Ahlanganiswe lezi namaminerali ukunambitheka kwamanzi njenge-spring.

ubuchwepheshe ukwelashwa amanzi okusha

Ucwaningo lwamuva nje e ukusetshenziswa nanotechnology lapho ukuphuza amanzi zokuhlanzwa isivuno Imiphumela umxhwele. Ucwaningo we izakhiwo Silica microparticles camera ungqimba nanometric ka hydrocarbon izinto, wabonisa ikhono lazo ukuheha (Luhambo electrostatic) ngokwayo Amagciwane kanye nama-molecule begazi. Vele nanoparticles ibekwe emanzini ezingcoliswe, bese ukususa okuholela nanopowder filtration.

Amazwe amaningi manje sisebenza ukudalwa amadivayisi nanofiltration. Onengqondo avele uhlanzekile okhanda amanye amathuba nezindlela electrochemical. Ilokhu ngcono izinqubo zamakhemikhali ukuze bahlanze ezingeni le-athomu.