Indlela ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka: izindlela namathuluzi

Udinga ukwazi ukuthi wehlise voltage phezu kwengungu ukuvimbela ukulimala basebenzise izinto zikagesi. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi izindlu ukulingana izintambo ezimbili - kanye zero isigaba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi kunethiwekhi eyodwa-isigaba. Ezintathu okhombisa kuyaqabukela lisetshenziswe ezizimele kanye multi-umndeni amakhaya. Isidingo sakhe, ngoba wonke nemishini inikwa amandla yi-i-AC owodwa esigabeni samanje. Kodwa ngokwako ubuchwepheshe iyadingeka ukushaya ukuguqulwa - ukwehlisa AC voltage, iguqulwe ibe unomphela, shintsha amplitude kanye nezinye izici. Kuyinto lezi zikhathi futhi kudingeka ucabangele.

voltage encishisiwe usebenzisa transformers

Indlela elula - ukusebenzisa low voltage transformer okwenza ukuguqulwa. Okuxhunyanwa emazombezombe yakhiwa inombolo enkulu ematfuba kuka yesibili. Uma kukhona isidingo ukunciphisa yamandla aphindeke kabili ye izikhathi kabili noma ezintathu, kanye lekhoyili yesibili ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. Okuxhunyanwa transformer izinkampani isetshenziswa njengenhlangano ehlukanisayo exhasa (uma ikhona egoba kuwo). Ngo zasendlini asetshenziswa Transformers, ne Windings yesibili kuthiwa uyeke nginomdlandla 5, 12 noma 24 volts.

Lena ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa ngemagugu yesimanje zasendlini. eminyakeni 20-30 edlule iningi imishini supply voltage at 9 volt. A namathelevishini tube ne amplifier edingekayo zinamandla njalo 150-250 okwesikhathi V variable kanye 6.3 sesigcilikisha (ezinye izibani fed kusuka 12.6). Ngakho-ke, transformer yesibili emazombezombe yakhiwa inani elifanayo ematfuba njengoba primary. Kwezobuchwepheshe banamuhla, ziya ngokuya esetshenziswa amandla inverter kagesi (njengoba emandleni ikhompyutha supply), design yabo kuhlanganisa isinyathelo-uhlobo transformer, ke unamahlangothi elincane kakhulu.

A ehlukanisayo voltage yonkana inductor

Inductance - a zethusi ikhoyili isilonda (ngokuvamile) on a wire sensimbi noma umongo ferromagnetic. Transformer - uhlobo inductor. Uma kusuka phakathi eyinhloko izinkampani ukwenza ukuhoxiswa, kuyoba ulingana voltage phakathi kwawo iziphetho ezixakile. Futhi kuyoba ulingana isigamu supply voltage. Kodwa kulokhu, uma transformer uqobo yakhelwe ukusebenza nale esithile ukunikezela voltage.

Kodwa ungasebenzisa ohlobo eziningana (isibonelo, ukuthatha amabili), ukuxhuma nabo uchungechunge futhi kufakwe inethiwekhi AC. Eqaphela izinzuzo inductance, kulula ukwenza ukubala kwesifo ku ngamunye wabo:

1. U (L1) = U1 * (L1 / (L1 + L2)).
2. U (L2) = U1 * (L2 / (L1 + L2)).

Kulezi amafomula, L1 futhi L2 - inductance we spools lokuqala nelesibili, U1 - amapayipi voltage in volts, U (L1) kanye U (L2) - voltage iconsi yonkana inductors lokuqala nelesibili ngokulandelana. Isifanekiso of enjalo ehlukanisayo izifunda kabanzi ekulinganiseni amadivaysi.

ehlukanisayo capacitors

Isikimu ethandwa kakhulu eyayisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukubaluleka AC supply. Ukuyisebenzisa DC bengayi, njengoba capacitor, by theorem ka Kirchhoff, DC isixhumanisi - lokhu igebe. Ngamanye amazwi, wamanje ngokusebenzisa ngeke avuze. Kodwa has a reactance, futhi wokukucima voltage ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa esikhathini AC wesifunda capacitor ukwazi. Ehlukanisayo wesifunda elifana nalelo eye kuchaziwe ngenhla, kodwa esikhundleni inductances asetshenziswa condensers. Ukubala kwenziwa usebenzisa amafomula ezilandelayo:

1. Esisheshayo capacitor ukumelana: X (C) = 1 / (2 * 3,14 * f * C).
2. I iconsi voltage yonkana C1: U (C1) = (C2 * U) / (C1 + C2).
3. I iconsi voltage yonkana C2: U (C1) = (C1 * U) / (C1 + C2).

Lapha, C1 no C2 - capacitors, U - voltage amapayipi, f - imvamisa wamanje.

ehlukanisayo resistors

Isikimu kakhulu efana yibo wangaphambilini, kodwa ezisetshenziswa resistors isilungisiwe. Indlela ekubalweni ehlukanisayo kuhlukile kancane kusukela ngenhla. Isikimu ingasetshenziswa kokubili izifunda AC futhi DC. Singasho ukuthi jikelele. Ungayisebenzisa ukuqoqa impunzi voltage Converter. Ukubalwa iconsi yonkana Resistor ngamunye kuveza amafomula elandelayo:

1. U (ngo-R1) = (ngo-R1 * U) / (ngo-R1 + u-R2).
2. U (R2) = (R2 * U) / (ngo-R1 + u-R2).

Kufanele kuqashelwe eyodwa caveat: umthwalo ukumelana inani kufanele libe 1-2 oda ezidlula ephansi kunaleyo resistors sokuhlukanisa. Kungenjalo, ukunemba ukubala kuyoba esinzima.

Practical ugesi wesifunda: transformer

Ukukhetha kwe-transformer amandla, uzodinga ukwazi ulwazi oluyisisekelo:

1. abasebenzisi Amandla abadinga ukuxhuma.
2. Inani le voltage amapayipi.
3. Inani le voltage elifiswayo yesibili emazombezombe.

Ukuze abale isibalo ematfuba e ikhoyili eyinhloko, udinga 50 ehlukaniswa endaweni ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. Isigaba engu- ibalwa ifomula:

S = 1,2 * √P1.

A amandla P1 = P2 / ukusebenza kahle. Nekusebenta transformer akasoze kube ngaphezu kwamaminithi 0.8 (noma 80%). Ngakho-ke, lapho kubalwa inani esiphezulu esithathwayo - 0.8.

Amandla yesibili emazombezombe:

P2 = U2 * I2.

Lezi idatha ziyatholakala ngokwakhona, ngakho ukwenza ukubala akunzima. Nakhu ukuthi ukunciphisa yamandla aphindeke kabili ye-12 volts usebenzisa a transformer. Kodwa lokho akuyona yonke: Imishini inikwa amandla yi-zamanje ngqo, futhi nemibono ekhishwa yesibili emazombezombe - kushintshana. It idinga ukwenza izinguquko ezimbalwa kakhudlwana.

Supply wesifunda amabhlogo: a rectifier kanye lemifanekiso

Okulandelayo ukuguqulela AC ukuba DC. Ngenxa yale njongo, Semiconductor diodes noma inhlangano. Uhlobo elula rectifier kuyinto diode olulodwa. wabiza nengxenye-wave. Kodwa ukusatshalaliswa esiphezulu yatholwa wesifunda ibhuloho, okuvumela hhayi kuphela ukuqondisa kushintshana zamanje, kodwa futhi ukuba balahle yezwakala esiphezulu. Kodwa wesifunda Converter enjalo asikapheli, njengoba ingxenye elibanzi eyodwa Semiconductor diode akusho ukuqeda. Isinyathelo phansi voltage transformer 220 ungakwazi ukuguqula AC voltage ukuze imvamisa efanayo, kodwa nge value ezincane.

capacitors electrolytic asetshenziswa segezi njengoba izihlungi. Ngokusho theorem Kirchhoff sika, capacitor anjalo esikhathini wesifunda AC umqhubi nalapho eqhuba ngesikhathi njalo - discontinuity. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye njalo ayozithola ngokukhululekile, kanye variable uzovalwa ku ngokwayo, ngakho-ke, ngeke adlule kule lemifanekiso. Ukwenza Izinto Zibe Lula nokwethembeka - yilokhu ephawula izihlungi. Futhi, ukumelana naso futhi kwenze inductance ingasetshenziswa bushelelezi pulsations. ezakhiwe Okufanayo asetshenziswa ngisho ugesi yezimoto.

voltage isiqondiso

Usufundile ukuthi ukunciphisa yamandla aphindeke kabili ye ezingeni oyifunayo. Manje-ke kufanele uhlaliseke. Ngenxa yale njongo, amadivaysi ekhethekile - zener diodes, okuyinto zenziwa silicon. Basuke elifakwe DC amandla okukhipha supply. Umgomo we operation ukuthi Semiconductor uyakwazi ukweqa zihlala zinamandla athile, inala iguqulwe ibe ukushisa futhi enikezwa kurediyetha emkhathini. Ngamanye amazwi, uma amandla okukhipha supply 15 volts, kanye isimame at 12, uyobe uphuthelwe kakhulu ngendlela uludinga. A umehluko ilungu-3 we-uzoya nokushisa (umthetho amandla ukulondolozwa isebenza).

isiphetho

A ahlukene ngokuphelele nomklamo - isinyathelo-phansi voltage Regulator, wenza izinguquko ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, voltage line is kuguquka DC nge imvamisa eliphezulu (kufika ku-50 000 Hz). It is uhlaliseke njalo yanikezwa transformer ishayela. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona ephambene uguqule kuya yokusebenza voltage (AC noma ezincane enenjongo). Ngokusetshenziswa ukushintsha electronic (thyristor), zinamandla DC is kuguquka AC nge imvamisa edingekayo (kumanethiwekhi wezwe lakithi - 50 Hz).