Alfred Garrievich Shnitke - umqambi of genius

osebenza ngokuzikhandla - kuyinto Alfred Schnittke. Umculo adalwe kuye, ezinkulu kanye esikhulu ifa layo. Umqambi unamandla ngaphezu kuka konke: opera futhi ballets, imisebenzi wezinsimbi, ifilimu umculo, i-chamber nemisebenzi choral. Ukhuluma kithi yolimi lwanamuhla, ukuxhumana nalokho ubhekwa yakudala.

Umkhaya kanye Childhood

Umndeni wazalwa Alfred Garrievich Shnitke (1934 - 1998), kwaba ngempela engenamali. Ubaba - umJuda German kusukela Liepaja, unina - owesifazane German. Ngoba kokubili ulimi lwendabuko kwaba isiJalimane, bona wajabulela ukhuluma nomunye ekhaya. Ubuliminingi Kwakuvamile wonke amalungu omndeni. Futhi u-Alfred kancane, nomfowabo nodadewabo, futhi ugogo, owayebizwa wahlanganyela ucwaningo futhi ukuhumusha kusuka German ku nalokho Russian kungokufanayo. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ubaba, Harry V, wakhonza kuzo Army Soviet. Futhi ngemva kwempi wathunyelwa umlobeli othile e Vienna iminyaka emibili. Inhlokodolobha Austrian bekulokhu omunye izikhungo zomculo zomhlaba. Esimweni kuzwakala umculo, ekuqaleni kwakhe zomculo imfundo ikusasa umqambi Alfred Garrievich Shnitke.

Ukubuya-USSR

Lapho umsebenzi phesheya sesiphelile, abazali ixazululwe eMoscow kokubili waqala ukusebenza nasemaphephandabeni kushicilelwa isiJalimane, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "New Life". Nakuba abazali izincwadi Soviet zihunyushelwe German, no-Alfred ungase aqede esikoleni, futhi eMoscow Conservatory futhi iziqu esikoleni. Ngo-1960, u-Alfred Garrievich Shnitke ungeniswe Union of abaqambi. Ngemva kwalokho, waqala ukufundisa kuya somculo, lapho afundela khona. ke, ukuba nomuzwa wokuthi lokhu kunganele, waqala ubhala umculo kwamafilimu. Kuwufanele ukugqamisa umsebenzi wakhe nge umqondisi omkhulu Larisa Shepitko, Starring uneqiniso futhi esabekayo impi ifilimu "Vuka" (1976). I okuphakade indaba ephathwayo akhashelwa nomhlatshelo sabonakala umculo, okuyinto sidalwe Alfred Garrievich Shnitke, wagcwala nhlekelele nezimfihlakalo futhi uxhuma nabo Psychology ezijulile futhi izingqikithi kweBhayibheli. Lokhu kwenza ukuba umqondisi kanye nabalingisi zembula ngokugcwele idrama Vasilya Bykova. Ngokuvamile, liye umculo ebhaliwe isikhathi esingaphezu ayisithupha amafilimu, futhi ukusebenza eziningana. Ngo-1989, u-Alfred Garrievich Shnitke uzothola umklomelo "Nika" ngoba "UKhomishana" umculo befilimu. Wayesebenza kuphela abaqondisi bethu abakhulu, ogama amafilimu nge Alfreda Shnitke umculo kuba umcimbi: Andrew Mitt - "Crew", u-Andrey Smirnov - "Autumn", Elem Klimov - "Ezinhlungwini". Izilinganiso netingcikitsi kusukela ifilimu umculo umqambi isetshenziselwe ukudala ekhonsathini izicucu.

ukushada

yomshado wokuqala Galina Koltsinoy bebumfishane (1956 - 1958). Kodwa emshadweni wesibili wayejabule futhi eligcwele ngokuvumelana. Lo mbhangqwana wahlangana njengoba uthisha kanye umfundi. Futhi, njengokujwayelekile, uthisha sathandana. Ngemva nokungabaza okungatheni Irina Kataeva ngo-1961, umshado ubhaliswe. Pianist futhi umqambi wajoyina isiphetho sabo. Ngalesi sikhathi yaqala ukuba nesimo isitayela eyingqayizivele umqambi.

okwakhe umculo

Umqambi lolungenamaphutsa yingcweti zonke izinhlobo ezikhona yesimanje. A enamandla ithalente futhi ngokuzimisela okukhulu kwamsiza kwakha lenqwaba imisebenzi: opera futhi ballets esigabeni, imisebenzi wezinsimbi. Kubandakanya umsebenzi wakhe ukwethula isiqondiso classical, avant-garde, chorales, waltz, Polka, jazz. Wazihlanganisa kwelinye umsebenzi amasu ahlukahlukene futhi izinkomba zendlela yokubhala ngesibindi. Kwakubonakala disparate Nokho, umane emangalisa izethameli, njengoba kwakunjalo ne "Okokuqala Symphony". Kamuva ngaphezulu ngokuvumelanayo ezihlanganiswe "Requiem" kanye Quintet Piano. Ukuze Schnittke ovuthiwe, futhi iningi imisebenzi iye Ubhale kule minyaka engu-13 edlule, lapho umqambi wayegula (washaywa unhlangothi), ebonakala ukusetshenziswa Motifs baraque, Echoes umculo othandwayo, ne-Association of umculo German classical. Kodwa konke lokhu - hhayi isiphetho ngokwakho, njengoba zemvelo nokuphefumula, contact ngomculo kusukela esikhathini ehlukene. Kusukela ngo-1977, ngemva uhambo oluya ezweni elikude, ekhuluma izwe Schnittke lonke ekhokha intela kwabase-ithalente lakhe.

"Ukubuyekeza uhlu" - "Gogol Suite"

Ukuze ukusebenza kohlelo Taganka Theatre umqambi uye waqamba suite lapho protagonist isibe, NV Gogol. It liqukethe izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili. Kusho umculo kwembulwe ebuntwaneni Chichikov, umculi idrama, lowo ozwa ukuthi kulahleke ithalente futhi ufuna ukuba achithe yonke wemisebenzi yakhe yobungcweti. Ijazi iphupho njengoba engenakufinyeleleka, ngokungazelelwe liphenduka ethandekayo, hhayi into, kodwa umngane. Yena iqhawe layo kuphela unikeza uthando lwakhe abanothando. Izikhulu - kuyinto engenabuntu mass creaking izimpaphe ezindaweni zomphakathi, it is a intuthwane ophilayo ukuthi uhlala ngendlela efanayo. Abazi ngisho ukuzama ukuba abe indoda, ngoba awazi ukuthi kuyini. Ngo yesehlakalo ibhola, okuyinto uphendulela Sabbat, umculi ubona zonke izinhlamvu zawo Creepy. Futhi uqeda konke ukubukeka azibeke amathathu amahle. Ngaphandle kwawo ekuphileni - ogwadule. Futhi umculo, ukwenza intuthuko, ukudansela isiginci sakhe isilaleli kusukela yasemhlabeni uyakukhathalela, bangene emhlabeni ahlanzekile. Ngakho kuzwakala "Gogol Suite".

Hamburg

Ngo-1990, u-Alfred Schnittke, biography okuyinto uphendulela in esifanayo esibucayi, ababemenyelwe eJalimane ukufundisa kwengoma. Akazange thutha, wahlala flat e Moscow, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zempilo wayedinga ekukhetheni izindlela zokwelapha phesheya. Eminyakeni yamuva, ekhathalela iziyaluyalu semithambo, kodwa umqambi wayesalokhu omningi. Akakwazi ukubhala ngesandla sakhe sokunene. Conductor G. Rozhdestvensky, ukuyivakashela, decrypts ke okufakiwe usongene. Ngezinye 63, umqambi omkhulu wafa. Ubizwa wangcwatshwa Novodevichy Amathuna eMoscow.