Aircraft micibisholo "umoya-to-air": izici eyinhloko

Ukuze ekulweni emoyeni Okuqondiwe yakhelwe missile izinhlelo ezinhlobo ezehlukene. A ezihlukahlukene elikhulu izikhali ngokuyinhloko bahlukaniswa ngokomthombo nangezinga Ukwethulwa kwesayithi futhi indawo target. Ngokwesibonelo: "Surface ukuze Air" - ezicitshwayo umhlaba ezisekelwe (igama lokuqala) kukho ukubhubha izinto esikhaleni emoyeni (izwi yesibili). Lolu hlobo izinhlamvu uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi anti-aircraft, okusho ihlumela ngesikhathi zenith - phezulu. Okuningi isivinini rocket "kobuso-to-air", kane kuka ijubane umsindo, bangalwa ngempumelelo asigcini nje ngokulalela okushiwoyo izindiza kanye ballistic imicibisholo, kodwa futhi hit ezikwazi kakhulu cruise ezicitshwayo.

izindiza isikhali

Zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali yesimanje ukulwa izindiza kuyinto isethi okudidiyelwe eziningana izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe, okuyinto evamile siqukethe uhlelo lokulawula kanye ngokushesha imiswe futhi esishunyekwe izingalo. Missiles zenzelwe ukusebenzisa ne ezisekelweni emoyeni ezihambayo, ababhubhise emoyeni izindiza, ngokuhambisana uhlelo yasekhaya labizwa ngokuthi rocket "umoya-to-air" (B-B). E-West, ngoba Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe alesi sigaba evunyiwe isifinyezo ukusetshenziswa AAM inhlanganisela air-to-air missile. izibonelo ngempumelelo kwalezi zikhali bathola phakathi nawo-forties kwekhulu elidlule. The ezifuywayo Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe lokuqala self-eqondiswa yakopishwa kusukela "emoyeni-air" rocket American. Russia okwamanje emkhakheni ukulwa hardware yaziwa njengenye umholi ongenambangi. Ezinye izinhlelo ahlukile ngisho phakathi athuthukile izinhlelo angaphandle.

ukuhlaselwa ibanga

Ngokusho ibanga lapho into libhujiswa ngo emoyeni micibisholo "umoya-to-air" zihlukaniswe namakilasi amaningana. Aircraft izinhlamvu yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ku ezintathu izinhlobo amabanga ukulwa:

• Ukuze ukubhujiswa izindiza short-range ezicitshwayo elisetshenziswa umugqa ifihlekile. Lezi Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe anemisila homing amadivayisi infrared. Lamukela Umbono Ka-NATO isiqu - SRAAM.
• Ngezinye amabanga medium-range ezicitshwayo esetshenziswa 100km (MRAAM) ne-radar homing uhlelo.
• Ordnance esetshenziswa at amabanga kuze 200 km uhla olude (LRAAM), abe eziyinkimbinkimbi isiqondiso uhlelo usebenzisa izimiso ezihlukahlukene ezisendleleni kanye yokugcina kuhlasela ingxenye.

ekulinganisweni Ngakho ngesisekelo uhla olude, onjiniyela bakholelwa ukuthi lapho umuntu amabanga GIVEN rocket ngeke hit ilitshe kuqinisekisiwe. In ulimi Ochwepheshe ibizwa ngokuthi ngempumelelo ibanga sokudubula.

nesimiso sokuqondisa ilitshe

Inhloko rocket instrumentation ibekwe evumela autonomously, kukhona zingagadiwe, ntombazane projectile ngesikhathi eziqondiwe siyishaye. kudivayisi okuzenzakalelayo on isizinda emasimini engokoqobo ezungeze uyakwazi ukuchaza inhloso, kwemigomo ezinyakazayo yayo, ukuhamba missile uqobo kanye ithimu uhlelo lokulawula, uma kunesidingo, iqhinga. Homing uhlelo "umoya-to-air" missile usebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ngenhloso emisebeni: optical, acoustic, infrared, umsakazo. Ngesikhathi esikhundleni indawo umthombo ngemisebe, amasistimu nesiqondiso:

• Passive - ukusetshenziswa injongo Babechichima amasignali.
• Ukuze semi asebenzayo ikhanda izidingo ngacabanga ngenjongo isignali esikhishwa othwala izindiza.
• Active ngokwabo kukhanyisa inhloso omoya anemisila amasignali esigcwele.

Submunitions futhi detonators

Emoyeni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, isinyathelo alufakwa alufakwa ayizwakali. Aircraft micibisholo "emoyeni-air" ehlome warhead isinyathelo ephezulu alufakwa. Ngenxa ijubane eliphezulu ukunyakaza yisigcibisholo, futhi missile ngokwawo warhead ukusebenzisa izidingo eqinile ukuze kumiswa sphere ezibulalayo. Elamukelekile bungatholakala ngokusebenzisa uhlelo kwezingcezu predetermined ukuchoboza noma submunitions ngomumo (amabhola, izinduku). Ngo imikhiqizo kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe i samuntu, ukwakha osabalalayo iphimbo izingcezwana cylindrical warhead, ibhantshi kwehlukana. Lapho ukunwetshwa, izakhi abatelekile akha Isigaxa nge isihloko ufushanisiwe esiqondisweni ukunyakaza, wedlula rocket.

ngokuhlukana Lohleliwe engishaya izingcezwana ibangelwa indawo noma laser ukuqina by high-imvamisa imisinga, ngokusebenzisa sebeziqhumbuza noma "imaski" yezinto ezibonakalayo. inert. Ukuhlukana submunitions ifakwe missile sezikhali Melee. Esikhathini uhla naphakathi missile izinhlelo esetshenziswa warhead kumiswa izinduku. Submunitions ahlelwe obliquely emhlabeni impahla obhubhisayo basuke eziphothene ndawonye yanjalo imikhawulo yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi. Lapho ukudalula izinduku akha indandatho avaliwe ngebutho elikhulu elimazayo. ngentuthuko Ukuthembisa kuyaqhubeka kwi ukwakheka ukuphathwa nesiqondiso izenzo nokwehlukaniswa emkhakheni.

Ngokuqeda warhead eyenziwa i elikhulu ibanga radar fuze ifakwe eyodwa noma ezimbili-antenna. ezicitshwayo Modern "umoya-to-air" ikilasi anemisila laser ukufaka, njalo uqaphe ibanga elitsheni. Kuzo zonke missile has detonator inertial uma kwenzeka hit ngqo on target.

Siqaphe umoya izikhala

Ukuze ezweni lethu, amabanga yayo enkulu sizinda ezisezingeni eliphansi phansi ku iziqondiso empumalanga nasenyakatho, yingxenye esemqoka ukuvikela kukhona micibisholo "umoya-to-air." Russia, Esenze eminyakeni yamuva, ukukhula ngokushesha kobuchwepheshe, has lahlukene ephezulu ukusebenza nezinhlamvu. ezicitshwayo Russian enzelwe hhayi kuphela ukuhlomisa izindiza ekhona, kodwa futhi ngokombono izindiza izinhlelo bavimba imigwaqo kanye unmanned, ayifake inkonzo kulindeleke esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Modern izindiza Russian ifakwe ezinye izinhlobo ezicitshwayo. On kubo ke Kuzoxoxwa.

missile Eqondiswa P-73 ububanzi okufutshane

Umkhiqizo uyiswa ekamu inkonzo ngo-1983, NATO ngezigaba AA-11 "Archer". Ayekusho ukubhubhisa ngenkuthalo elawula izinjongo bavimba imigwaqo kanye unmanned ngesivinini esiphezulu of afinyelela ku-2500 km / h emini ebusuku kuzo zonke izimo sezulu phambili ama- labaqaphi elingemuva. Ngecala lokudubula ukuphishekela izimpokophelo usebenzisa ukubuya-isiqalo. Engine nge variable wagxila vectoring nezinye kokuxazulula bavunyelwe ukudlula zonke analogue emhlabeni ekhona ngokuya maneuverability. Kungasetshenziswa ngokumelene engalawuliwe emoyeni Balloons, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane futhi uhambe ezicitshwayo. Lo rocket kuyingxenye isethi evamile ye ukwakhiwa kwezikhali we MIG-29 futhi Su-27, izinguqulo, kanye ekuhlaseleni Tactical, Su-34 futhi Su-25. Ikhishwa ezinguqulweni ezimbili Ukulungiswa RMD RMD-1 no-2. Ingasetshenziselwa ukubhekana cruise ezicitshwayo. Lo rocket athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ammunition has izici ezilandelayo:

• Isisindo - 110 kg.
• Ubude - 2.9 m.
• Isisindo induku warhead 8 kg.
• kwethulwa ezahlukene - 40 km (RMD 2).

Ukudlulisa iqhinga yempi missile RVV-MD

izinhlamvu okusha has zonke-isici homing infrared. Isicelo aerogazodinamicheskoy ikhuluma uhlelo evumela ukubhubhisa okuhloswe kusuka kunoma iyiphi isiqondiso. Kusolwa ukuthi lo mkhuba uzobe behlome ngemibese zonke izinhlobo izindiza fighter aircraft nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. "Air ebusweni" ifomu X-38 ngesisekelo amandla ukulwa lesihlanu isizukulwane fighter RVV-MD kanye rocket.

• Ukuqala isisindo ezingekho ngaphezu 106 kg.
• Missile obuphelele - 2,92 m.
• Warhead isisindo ngenduku isici ezithinta - 8 kg.
• Ibanga bahlanganyele Okuqondiwe-40 km.

Aircraft micibisholo "umoya-to-air" P-27

Eqondiswa Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe izikhali wadala zabashokobezi oyisizukulwane sesine. Ngokusho NATO ngezigaba AA-10 "Alamo". munition Specific yakhelwe ukubhubhisa izindiza isitha seduze ukulwa ikhuluma kanye amabanga aphakathi at ngesivinini esiphezulu umgomo 3500 km / h. Sihlanganisa umqondo omusha ukuphathwa futhi okuqinile-Propellant motor. Kwamanye izinguqulo accelerators asetshenziswa. Velocity we rocket "umoya-to-air" izikhathi P-27 e ezine nengxenye ijubane umsindo. Izici kuncike ukuhlela kabusha okulandelayo:

• amasampula IMisa ezahlukene uyahluka 250 kanye 350 kg.
• Umkhawulo ubude 3.7 kuya 4.9 m.
• Warhead isisindo induku-hlobo - 39 kg.
• Ububanzi nolokubhujiswa izinto kusukela km 50 kuya 110.

Aircraft missile F-77 medium-range

Lwenzelwe sesihlanu fighter MIG - 1.42, hhayi kabusha ochungechungeni. Western AA-12 igama "Adder". Faka isevisi ngo-1994. Ziphethe injini enamandla kanye radar eziphambili kakhulu futhi infrared isiqondiso izinhlelo. Ludizayinelwe bahlanganyele ezihambayo izinto static zonke izinhlobo izindiza, kuhlanganise cruise ezicitshwayo flying ngesimo sezwe elandelayo, ku isizinda emhlabeni kanye ebusweni kolwandle zonke amabanga wokukhulekela izindawo eziphakeme. ukuguqulwa engaba senzo booster okuqinile kuze kufinyelele 160 km.

• Isisindo - 700 kg.
• Ubude - 3.5 m.
• Isisindo induku warhead oluxube multikumulyativnymi - 22 kg.
• Ububanzi esiphezulu nolokubhujiswa izinto - 100 km.

Ngesisekelo le ukuguqulwa munition wadala "kobuso-to-air." phansi missile based izici ububanzi motor ezinkulu.

Homing missile RVV-SD naphakathi ububanzi

Isibonelo yakamuva izikhali izindiza yasekhaya senzelwe ukubhujiswa zonke izinhlobo, kuhlanganise cruise ezicitshwayo emachibini-25 km radar esindayo isitha zokumelana. Zifakwe asebenzayo eziyinkimbinkimbi isiqondiso inertial usebenzisa umsakazo ukulungiswa. kudivayisi Detonation isebenzisa inzwa laser ukusondela.

• Ukuqala isisindo 190 kg.
• Ubude - 3.7 m.
• Warhead uhlobo - Induku multikumulyativnaya, isisindo - 22.5 kg.
• Ibanga uqale km 110.

RVV-AE naphakathi-range

Le nguqulo ye-missile yakhelwe ukuhlomisa wesine ++ isizukulwane fighter aircraft futhi yakhelwe ukubhekana nazo zonke izinhlobo ezikhona ndiza, kuhlanganise cruise ezicitshwayo. Ammunition ingasetshenziswa nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku phezu ezweni nasolwandle endaweni esogwini. Onjiniyela ihlanganise izinhlobo izindiza angaphandle. Njengoba lisetshenziswe laser yokuxhumana detonator fuze. Ikhuluma isicelo igridi kagesi fin - idivayisi lobuchwepheshe eyingqayizivele emhlabeni abuzange.

• Umkhawulo kwethulwa isisindo - 180 kg.
• Ubude obukhulu - 3.6 m.
• Warhead induku multikumulyativnaya, isisindo - 22.5 kg.
• Ukudubula ibanga-80 km.

missile Eqondiswa P-33 yesikhathi eside

Fighter-Interceptor eyenzelwe indawo izikhali ukuzivikela kanye nokwentuleka kwezingqalasizinda eliwumhlaba. I-NATO wabahlinzeki ukubizwa ngokuthi AA-9 "Amose". Ngokuhlanganyela MIG-31-33 wafakwa inkonzo in the 80s ekuseni futhi kwaba esinye sezici we uhlelo multi-ukucabhela "Barrier". Uhlelo ivumela ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa zonke izinhlamvu iyunithi kusuka 4-ezindizeni. Kulokhu, imishini izindiza radar kanye lulwimi asebenzayo homing imicibisholo evuthayo ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunikeza ithuba hit lezinto ezine ezicitshwayo ezine. R-33 yakhelwe ukubhubhisa izindiza futhi uhambe ezicitshwayo ongaphakeme-flying kuzo zonke izimo zezulu, ku isizinda emhlabeni wonke amabanga of emachibini kanye ngesivinini kanye has idatha lobuchwepheshe ezilandelayo:

• Isisindo - 490 kg.
• Ubude - 4.15 m.
• IMisa YENA kwehlukana warhead 47 kg.
• Qala Range - 120 km, kanye ezengeziwe ngokugqamisa izinjongo - 300 km.

"Ingalo eside" P-37

Ngesisekelo R-33 Kepha izingalo nciphisa eyinkimbinkimbi entsha esekelwe Mig-31BM yakhelwe rocket imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo R-37. Kwezinye imithombo ngokuthi YAKHE-DB kanye K-37. NATO ngezigaba AA-13 "Umcibisholo". Ukuhlola amasampula zokugcina igcwaliswe ngo 2012. Lapho isetshenziselwe ukudala entsha ezimbili-Imodi injini fuel okuqinile futhi imishini entsha ukulawula nesiqondiso. Phakathi ukuhlolwa, irekhodi hit ilitshe at ibanga 307 km.

• Qalisa isisindo ukulungiswa ezihlukahlukene kusukela kg 510 kuya kwangu-600.
• Missile obuphelele - 4.2 m.
• Warhead - ephezulu kuqhume, isisindo - kg 60.
• Inhlobo "umoya-to-air" missile R-73 - 300 km, ekwenzeni ukuthekelisa - 200 km.

Ukuphakama kusanele:

Ukwamukelwa ibutho Russian imikhiqizo zobuchwepheshe eminyakeni yamuva, kakhulu ngaphambi amandla Western. Sikhanyisiwe ezicitshwayo wayeqondiswa "umoya-to-air" uzobe ifakwe ezinamandla kakhudlwana on-ebhodini izinhlelo Computing kanye isignali ngesivinini izilimi. Isizukulwane esisha rocket uzokwazi ukulandelela ilitshe hhayi nje kuphela radar eqinile futhi esiphikisayo infrared, kodwa ezifihliwe into ethungatha emoyeni ehlaselwa.