Abkhazia Anakopia Fortress (okusha Athos): incazelo, umlando

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ensimini ka Abkhazia kwaba eningi izakhiwo ukuzivikela. Nokho, it is lokhu inqaba, itholakala edolobheni laseNew Athos, kubhekwe lesikhumbuzo kakhulu kahle walondoloza yomlando.

Anakopia castle ngokubabazekayo kabani izixhumanisi - 43 ° 5'40 "N 40 ° 48'29" E lakhiwa phezu ezintabeni Yase-Iberia. Ehunyushiwe ezivela olimini Abkhaz igama layo lisho ukuthi "imagebhugebhu." Kodwa amaGreki ngokuthi kuqhoqhoqho inqaba, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "enamadwala kanzima", ngakho ungamangali uma kwezinye izivakashi likuqondisa uzohlangana isihloko-Anakopiya kuqhoqhoqho.

Anakopia inqaba umlando

Leli zwe Sekuyisikhathi eside behlaselwa omakhelwane nolaka. Sekuyisikhathi eside izakhiwo ukuzivikela kube idume Abkhazia. Anakopia inqaba yayihloselwe ukuqinisa imingcele futhi uvikele izitha. Esikhathini sokuqala eminyaka AD, eCaucasus, ngokunembile ingxenye yaso esentshonalanga kwaba phansi kwabaseRoma. Ngo III- IV eminyaka Kolkhida yahlasela Hun ayimizulane, ngomumo, nasenyakatho-zaseCaucasia bezintaba.

Amabutho amaRoma, etholakala lapha ngalesi sikhathi, asetshenziselwa ukulawula kanye kwakuwukuthi bendawo futhi bavikele ifa neuropathy Vostochnorimskoy (WaseByzantium) Empire. Abazgs futhi manholes okwakulindeleke ukuba aqaphe maqembu futhi ugijimela enyakatho. Kuyinto zabo ukuze bakhonze izithakazelo bendawo.

Ukuqalisa ukuzivikela ezinjalo, amandla adingekayo kanye nezinye izikhungo wezempi futhi amasu. Ekuqaleni kwawo-ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi futhi endulo endaweni Colchis kwakukhona abanye izinqaba sina, phakathi okuyinto endaweni ekhethekile wayematasa futhi Anakopiya.

Anakopia inqaba eyakhelwe ekhulwini IV-V, kodwa, ngeshwa, namuhla singaba usabona edolobheni elihle ngodonga njengoba kwakunjalo esikhathini eside esadlulako. isikhathi abangenasihe, impi olunegazi ngokucekwa angaba nonya kangako, okuyinto in engu izakhiwo babebaningi, wenza umsebenzi omuhle.

Incazelo Anakopia inqaba

Ukuze izizwe eziningi angomakhelwane kwaba Abkhazia ezikhangayo. Anakopia inqaba waba izakhiwo ukuzivikela esesabekayo indawo enkulu - ayizinkulungwane 70 square metres. Yena kwakufanele imigqa ukuzivikela ezimbili (fixed), kanye umugqa elingaphandle ukuzivikela.

Anakopia Intaba baba isayithi yokwakhiwa umugqa wokuqala, okwakuwuphawu siphephelo ubude 83 amamitha kanye ububanzi 37 amamitha. Mangisho ukuthi kwaba isakhiwo enamandla kakhulu esikhathini ukwakhiwa. Anakopia inqaba, obude elingamamitha angaphezu kwayisihlanu futhi udonga ukujiya enkulu esingaphezu imitha, kubadumaze abaningi abafuna ukuthatha umhlaba.

I main Umsebenzi ukuzivikela wabelwa umbhoshongo saseRoma, i-izikhundla zawo phezulu abonakala kahle ezweni nasolwandle esikuyo. Amandla edolobheni-inqaba nge isikhathi ezikhulayo: ekhulwini IV kwakuvele kubhekwe idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke Abazgia, futhi kakade ekhulwini VII kwaba yokuhlala ababusi Isi-Abkhazian, inhlokodolobha okungokomoya nezombangazwe zezwe.

Tower nezindonga

Tower nezindonga komugqa wesibili abangu okuthiwa esakhiwa ekhulwini VII. Umbhoshongo senziwa ngezitini, nasekwenzeni itshe elimhlophe. Abakhi babesebenzisa isu baseByzantium namaRoma, owawungumnyaka ngakanye wokwakha izitini ngetshe emhlophe.

Iphansi ezimbili engezansi izakhiwo basonta ekhulwini VII futhi engxenyeni engenhla kwenzeka kamuva kakhulu - ku XI-XII eminyaka. kwemibhoshongo Seven elise zonke amamitha ayisithupha bese kancane aphume ashone kusukela izindonga. Ngesikhathi kumbiwa ngo-endaweni yesibili umugqa izinto izinto zitholiwe, emele zomlando eziligugu. Phakathi kwabo - izinsalela zethempeli ihholo uhlobo, esithandweni somlilo lapho calcined lime, nemingcwabo nanye ababulawa ngokuhambisana namasiko yobuKristu.

esangweni

Anakopia Fortress (okusha Athos) kwaba esangweni main, eyayihunyushwe ivikelwe umbhoshongo isiyingi. Zazakhiwe limestone slabs ezintathu, futhi zitholakala ngempela high ngaphezu komhlabathi. Ukuze uthole enqabeni, kwakudingekile ukusebenzisa addl ezitebhisini ngokhuni.

Isango umbhoshongo

Lesi sakhiwo kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi indawo yayo kanye shape uvumele isitha nomlilo i-engela cishe 290 °. Esitezi sesibili kukhona izintuba emihlanu, okuyinto ahlelwe niches akhethekile yokungena arched. Amandla ukulwa basembhoshongweni kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi ngokuqinile yalwela izindlela esangweni.

umbhoshongo East

Ngokwe-abacwaningi, ku namathathu banesifo esibi ekuqaleni kwekhulu XI ngo Anakopii uvikelekile Tsarevich Dmitry futhi Princess Alda, azinikela enqabeni ikampu ngesiGreki. Ngakho, edolobheni inqaba Anakopiya nezwe eduze eside lidlule phakathi kwelifa loonyana baseByzantium.

Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi emboniselweni uvele umbhoshongo empumalanga. Uye wakhonza njengesithunywa umyalo ezinkulu okuthunyelwe observation. Kwakuwusuku uhlu lokugcina defense uma kuwa inqaba. Umbhoshongo ayinakho okujabulisa yezakhiwo - yonke into subordinated nenhloso yayo esemqoka sokusebenza. It is eyakhiwe abaziweyo limestone Amabhulokhi mikhulu, okuyinto ziphephile lime-amatshe-isihlabathi nodaka. Ngaphansi kwesithombe senqaba odongeni ukujiya elingamamitha amabili, indawo ephakeme - 1.6 amamitha. Phezulu yesikhulumi wokubuka udaliwe. Namuhla, ngemva ukuvuselelwa umbhoshongo empumalanga ivuliwe izivakashi.

kahle

nezivakashi eziningi ezazivela ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union edonsela Abkhazia. Anakopia inqaba kuhlanganisa pheze yonke imizila izivakashi. AmaPilgrim bakhangwa kungumthombo wokuphila anikeza amanzi Anakopia. He is ngqo eduze ethempelini. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu ezibaziweyo edwaleni umthamo awapheli, futhi amanzi lokugcwala kwalo - the onika ukuphila nokwelashwa.

eqoshiwe kahle edwaleni ujenga nge-limestone ecolisekile. Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwathiwa Lizokuna amanzi kusukela ophahleni, futhi manje amanzi ageleza ngenxa ukubukeka ukufingqa ezindongeni nemakhata "okugeza."

umugqa Water kule isimangaliso-kahle lakhiwa abakhi inqaba yasendulo. Wenza isimiso ukuxhumana izitsha. Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-komsele enjalo olwenziwa emseleni bemba Iveron emithambekeni nezintaba Athos. Wedlula e-phakathi kwesigodi yoMlambo, futhi kamuva okucashile phansi.

Ithempeli Feodora Tirona

Ezindaweni eziningi zokukhulekela zasendulo idume Abkhazia. Anakopia castle kwadingeka isonto lalo, okwakubekelwa esisogwini phezulu Anakopia entabeni. Ithempeli lakhiwa namakhulu eminyaka VI-VII igama Blessed Virgin Mary. Kusukela zemihla ngemihla XI leminyaka, ezichaza impi nama-Arabhu ebondeni Anakopii ku namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu VIII, kusobala ukuthi Anakopia isithonjana Virgin Ubusisiwe possessed mandla ukuthi evikelwe abakhileyo inqaba.

Kukhona kucatshangwa ukuthi emithambekeni entabeni kukhona elinye ithempeli, kodwa asizange sisinde. Ekhulwini XI lakhiwa ithempeli ngayingcwelisa ke egameni Feodora Tirona. Lokhu kuqinisekisa lesikhumbuzo epigraphic wathola emboniselweni. Abkhazia (Anakopia inqaba) namanje edonsela mlando. Esikhathini sethu ayikahlanganiswa ngokugcwele izinsalela izakhiwo zethempeli Fortress wafunda izikhathi ezahlukene, ngenxa yokuntuleka emikhulu ehlangene ucwaningo yezakhiwo nemivubukulo, ubufakazi ebhaliwe. Kule ndaba, kukhona mpikiswano esayensi, kodwa bonke ochwepheshe abavumayo ukuthi leli thempeli elakhiwe kabusha izikhathi eziningi.

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izinguquko zesimanje e izindela ethempelini wenziwa Athos sezindela. Lokhu kwenzeke ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX. Yena usule doti we yezinto eningizimu lombhishobhi, kanye Egunjini elincikene naleli (ecaleni lasempumalanga). Ukhetho lwakhe ingakamiswa cacisa.

indlwana encane Yakhiwa ngaphakathi esontweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwe ushintsho oluncane, kwenziwa futhi uhlela endaweni ezungezile. Ezinye izingxenye izindonga ezakhiwa.

olungaphambili lwesonto

I olungaphambili lwesonto izakhiwo lamaKristu okuqala lihlotshiswe ipuleti eyodwa kuphela lapho iziphambano ezintathu bachazwa. Itholakala ngaphansi lwaleli. abalekele amathathu kwakufanekisela zintathu Omkhulu. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isuke iwuphawu Kristu, Ioanna Krestitelya futhi Our Lady.

umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha

Ngo-2008, ukuvuselelwa castle yaqedwa. Ngenxa yalokho, isithala sabalindi kwase kubuyiselwe, kukhona yayinomganga ukubukwa ke. Nokho, izivakashi eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi ngemva kabusha umbhoshongo waqala ukufana a Remake. Ukuze Apsarskoy emithambekeni yezintaba futhi okuholela phezulu umzila banikezwe.

Kanjani ukuze baye khona?

Sithemba ukuthi unesithakazelo Anakopia inqaba (Abkhazia). Uyithola kanjani lapha? Pretty elula. Namuhla ku okusha Athos enqabeni kuholela endleleni egandayiwe. Omunye izinto zika zabahamba kuyinto stop ngesimo amagobolondo omkhulu, ngasendleleni, ubizwa ngokuthi "Shell".

Eceleni yena bebheke ezintabeni Iberia futhi salandela umgwaqo omazombezombe kwavula by odumile okusha Athos emhumeni. Khona-ke, vula ku mgwaqo Chanba bese uqhubeke ekukhuphukeni. Ngokushesha uzobona emphemeni observation, nemoto yokupaka nge endaweni zihlalo. Ungakwazi ukushiya imoto yakho, ukuthenga amathikithi ezikhungweni zamabhayisikobho futhi ujoyine iqembu tour. ngeke A professional Umhlahlandlela uhamba nobani nohambo, okuyinto izothatha isikhathi esiyihora nengxenye.