Abelana umnikelo futhi lingakanani

Pai njengendlela mqondo livikeleke umthetho. Le ncazelo futhi sifana isabelo umnikelo. Umthetho usungula ke njengoba amaphesenti okomnikelo indawo yalo ngamalungu kwezolimo noma umthengi ama cooperatives (SEC) for the ukugcwaliseka okwengeziwe umsebenti wetemnotfo.

Ingabe kukhona umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le miqondo emibili ehlangana nomunye, bahlukile. Pai kuyinto impahla eselivele okungewakho wokubambisana kanye namalungu ayo sehlukaniswe, futhi iminikelo mutual amalungu wokubambisana - lokhu impahla okwenza umuntu ngamunye owayekhona ngasesinqeni se-SEC.

Umthetho ku-co-operatives wezolimo inikeza ukuthi isabelo akunalo iminikelo amalungu, kodwa futhi amafa net kwezolimo wokubambisana. Noma kunjalo, usayizi waso kunomkhawulo wemali nempahla, okwenza ilunga, ujoyine wokubambisana.

Kuyini fund mutual?

Zonke impahla imifelandawonye yezolimo lihlukaniswe phakathi abahlanganyeli yayo futhi wabonisa ngezimali. Ukukhethwa izimali ukuthi abahlukanisiwe phakathi abahlanganyeli.

Inhlangano impahla ukwabelana bese bakha Isikhwama mutual. Zonke lezi zimiso awashintsheki ngu-sisekelo wokubambisana. Eqoqwe kuma impahla kanye run ibhizinisi. Kuye oyiyo okuqondene usayizi kuncike umsebenzi ngamunye owayekhona ngokuhamba umsebenzi.

iminikelo saziso

Futhi wabeka i-charter abazimisele ukubambisana nabo futhi befikile bamasheya Unelungelo:

• amazwi;
• iqhaza emisebenzini;
• zithole izinzuzo;
• usebenzisa amasevisi wokubambisana;
• sithembele Amaholo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwethulwa yabelana futhi isabelo zinikeza amathuba ezahlukene ilungu co-op. Okuningi lolumalula kuzwakala: elikhulu ubukhulu umnikelo, aba maningi izinzuzo ngesikhathi imisebenti yetemnotfo kanye ayanda engenayo. Uma umnikelo lalilincane, futhi ubukhulu iyunithi incane.

Imali eyengeziwe

Kuyinto share yokuzithandela umnikelo lowo nalowo obambe iqhaza ungenza phezu phiko luthole ngenxa ethula imali saziso ukungena wokubambisana.

It is ifakwe inani kokubili iminikelo eziyisisekelo futhi ezengeziwe ukhuluma ngalokho ilungu ngalinye uzothola ukukhokhelwa ngemva kokuqedwa imisebenzi le co-op noma sokuhoxisa zokuzithandela ezivela kulo.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-asethi ingqikithi wokubambisana kanye umninimasheya kwaleso naleso sifundvo amalungelo nezibopho jikelele. Lapho kungenzeka lokhu impahla emelelwa nokulingana waboleka, okuyinto kumele singeqi 60% kuzona zonke izindlela wokubambisana eziqoqiwe. Ngu impahla kubahlanganyeli inqubo ibandakanya:

• kwamatayitela;
• izinto;
• Amalungelo endawo.

Inani izimali ezibolekwe ezingekho ngaphezulu kuka-60% ibonisa solvency kwenhlangano futhi iqinisekisa abakweletwayo ukukhokha izikweletu athathwe.

Kuyini fund mutual?

Ngaphambi ekuqaleni imisebenzi wokubambisana eyenziwa bamasheya ayebuthene lapho bengahlala yedolobha futhi bamise ubukhulu umnikelo, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi fixed ngezimiso.

Uma unemibuzo ekudalweni esingokwezimali sesikhwama mutual kanye nokuthuthukiswa imibhalo project imisebenzi wokubambisana imbozwe iKomiti ngezinto eziphathelene nokusebenza kwenhlangano.

Ngokuhamba imisebenzi yebhizinisi ingashintshwa kweMtsetfosisekelo ukubaluleka womnikelo. Njengoba lezi idatha ezihlobene ngamunye enhlanganweni, umthetho fixed a inkimbinkimbi izenzo ezinjalo, oqala ngokuthi umhlangano bamasheya 'futhi iphela nokubhaliswa lezi zinguquko kule dokhumenti elawula izenzo kwenhlangano.

Ubukhulu Isikhwama mutual zingandiswa ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Uma amalungu neqhaza izimali ezongeziwe ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza ngenxa izinkokhelo ezenziwa wokubambisana.
2. Ngenxa nokuqasha kwamalungu amasha inqubo ukukhiqizwa kwandisa nokwabelana.

Ukwanda Isikhwama mutual kwenzeka kuphela uma emhlanganweni womphakathi iningi lamalungu awo uvotela ke.

Yini okufanele ibe lokuqala eyaphuma ngalo?

Yilelo nalelo lungu lenhlangano zezimboni kuze kuphele ukubhaliswa kwalo kufanele wenze amaphesenti ezingengaphansi kweshumi (futhi umthengi wokubambisana 25%) yenani yomnikelo, okuyinto kubhekwa kumelwe.

Labo abasele abanga-90% noma 75% ngokulandelana, kungaba qobe isiyonke imali yamasheya, kodwa kuphela onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila ukukhiqizwa. Inani Isikhwama mutual ingahluka phezulu noma phansi ngemva kokuhlangana amalungu wokubambisana.

Zonke izinguquko iqoqo imithetho yesikhungo alotshwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho osungulwe ngokomthetho.

isikhwama indivisible

He is ilungu wokubambisana kusho labo are lingana kuze ukwabelana iyunithi futhi efanele, abahlukanisiwe phakathi amalungu SEC.

By a emavi iningi paov ungaya Isikhwama indivisible, ngenxa yalokho, usayizi isabelo ngasinye umhlanganyeli kuyehla ngokulingana imali, adluliselwe kuye.

Engakapheli amasonto amane ngemuva kokushintshwa ku ukwabelana bayobhaliswa ngezimiso angene force, kubalulekile ukwazisa abantu abakweletwayo le co-op. Uma unganelisekile idatha entsha, futhi kwaphela amasonto angu-24 ngemuva kokushicilelwa ukuchibiyela ukubeka phambili izimfuno zabo, kufanele abulawe.

Yini imali yakhiwa?

Perk inzuzo oyinhloko, okuyinto kunqunywa ezimali e Registered kwabo inqubo yokufunda kanye kuhlola umtselela ekupheleni ibhalansi konyaka.

Labo izinkokhelo, okuyinto uzothola kubahlanganyeli inqubo ukukhiqizwa, benzelwe umthetho noma umthetho-sisekelo wenhlangano.

Ngokuvamile, inkokhelo kuncike hlobo iqhaza isabelo ngasinye umsebenzi wokubambisana ithatha izintambo ibhizinisi.

Zonke ezicashile ngokuphathelene division of inzuzo phakathi kubahlanganyeli ukukhiqizwa, kuxoxwa futhi ziyamukeleka kubo bonke abanikazi bamasheya ndawonye. Lezi imihlangano kungakapheli izinyanga ezintathu emva kokuphela konyaka wezimali.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inkokhelo yenziwa emva zonke yokukhokha esiyisibopho izimali impesheni kanye nokuvikeleka komphakathi kanye isevisi intela.

Njengoba co-op yokuhlukanisa engenayo?

Income, okuyinto kuchazwa ekupheleni konyaka, kokuba watadisha balance sheet, ihlukaniswe phakathi kwezinhlangano kanje:

1. Othile ingxenye eya esiqiwini nezinye izimali ezivame co-op, ezingalotshwanga elihlukene futhi oluyonqunywa sisekelo wenhlangano.
2. Ngesisekelo izenzo ezikhona umthetho izimali iqondiswe nokukhokhwa izikweletu zentela kanye nezinye izinkokhelo izabelomali amazinga adingekayo.
3. Ukukhokhwa izinzuzo, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-30% wezindleko, zokwehlukanisa kubahlanganyeli wokubambisana.

Inani Ukukhishwa izimali kuncike umphumela balance sheet at konyaka.

Indlela ukwehlukana yokukhokha le co-op?

Izinkokhelo okuyizinto imali le bamasheya kanye nenhlangano iyonke, zihlukaniswe:

1. On the lokukhokha inkokhelo abasebenzi le co-op, abangekho phakathi kwabanikazi bamasheya ngokulingana labahlanganyela ngayo imisebenzi yenhlangano.
2. Uma wonke amalungu asamukelanga imali yabo, bangahlangana zonke abanikazi bamasheya kanye ukubhekana inzuzo esisele ukwandisa ngezabelo zabo. Nokho, lesi silinganiso kumele singeqi 80%.
3. Ezinye izindaba zika-ngenzuzo iya amaholo abanikazi bamasheya.

Ukusebenzisa izinzuzo ukwandisa share

izinkokhelo inkampani ingasetshenziswa ngendlela elandelayo:

1. Uma opharetha ibhizinisi ususithathile isinqumo ngezithukuthuku lezi zimali ukwandisa Isikhwama mutual, izimali ithunyelwa.
2. Izimali ingathunyelwa ama cooperatives ukukhokha amalungu aso, impahla ukwabelana, okuyinto abangazange okwamanje kukhokhelwe, kanye nesikhathi isivele siyaphela.

Kulesi wokuhlengwa kungaba ngokugcwele noma kancane. Lokhu kungenziwa, uma wokubambisana has izakhiwo ledlula inani esingokwezimali sesikhwama mutual eyasungulwa maphepha. Kubandakanya ukucabangela nokukhokhwa kwezintela wokubambisana, okuyinto lapho siqondiswa ukuba andise isikhwama share. Nakuba ngeke inikelwe egcwele, izimali sokukhokhwa izinkokhelo ahanjiswa.

Okukhishiwe sokukhokhwa share iminikelo amalungu ehambisana le co-op, okungukuthi, labo bantu noma izinhlangano ukuthi babe awabo futhi wamukele izinzuzo kuso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bathela ingozi kwinhlangano.

Kuyinto unesibopho abakweletwayo we amabhere wokubambisana?

Yebo, uthela! Umthetho we Russian Federation usungula sezimali ezikweletwayo.

Endabeni ka ezizenzakalelayo izibopho zayo ukuze abakweletwayo yayo inhlangano ilahlekelwa impahla yakhe yonke. Kulokhu, it kuzodingeka kuphela izimali zabo kunokuthi ukuboleka.

I co-op akuyona nesibopho izibopho yelungu ngalinye, ngaphandle-ke, akuyona livikeleke umthetho.

Kuyini okubhekene ngokuzibona?

Lokhu kungumsebenzi amalungu wokubambisana-non-ukuhambisana nezibopho zayo.

It kulawulwa umthetho futhi yengezwe umthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko wenhlangano elivela uma akunakwenzeka ukuhlangabezana wonke amacala le co-op abakweletwayo imibuzo. Umthetho usungula izici ezilandelayo:

1. Abahlanganyeli ukukhiqizwa wemfanelo e nenani izimali eshiwo kulo mthetho-sisekelo le co-op. Kulokhu inani layo kumele singeqi 0.5% we ubukhulu eziyisisekelo isakhiwo okuqondene Imali.
2. Inani yokukhokha amamukele amavoti emhlanganweni ojwayelekile, kodwa akufanele futhi iyophakama kuno-amagugu lomthetho.
3. Inani wamukela sisekelo wokubambisana sika sivunyiwe.

Ngamanye amazwi singasho ukuthi bamasheya bazikhokhe abakweletwayo ', lapho co-op akanawo lesi imali nempahla.

I ukulahlekelwa le co-op

Ukulahlekelwa ufuna ekupheleni konyaka kwi-balance sheet. Bahlukene phakathi kwabanikazi bamasheya ngokuhambisana inkokhelo yabo.

Ubuyisela ngokuyinhloko ngenxa agcinele izimali noma babe neqhaza emikhakheni ezengeziwe iyunithi wokubambisana.