Vasily Katchalov - umlingisi eziholayo eMoscow Art Theatre

Umlingisi Vasily Kachalov eyaziwa emhlabeni yaseshashalazini kanye uLeonardo da Vinci emhlabeni art. Yena komculo konke wukuthi namuhla esikubiza ngokuthi lomculi abanamakhono Soviet. Figure ebhukwinitifundvo, akalokothi wafunda wenza, ejabulela emangalisa charm ebabazekayo.

yizimbaxa

11.02.1875, e Vilna (Vilnius yesimanje) emndenini umpristi Ioanna Shverubovicha, wesigodlo ka sesonto lobu-Orthodox, indodana yesithathu wazalelwa. Kwaba Vasiliy Kachalov. Biography umlingisi wachaza ngokuningiliziwe V Ya. Vilenkinym, ekhuluma umculi brilliant wengane esizayo. weza noYise kusukela gentry Belarusian, unina wayevela khona ePoland futhi izimpande Lithuanian. Umndeni labetibambile abafunde elibuhlungu, ingane Basil babhaxabulwa amaphutha. Ngaphezu Abafowethu ababili abadala, umehluko ubudala lapho eneminyaka engu-10-15 kamuva, amantombazane amabili azalelwa: Sonya futhi Sasha. Bona baba ngabafelokazi ekuseni nowokugcina 26 edlule ziye zaba ngaphansi eqeqeshwa ka V Kachalov, okuyinto bahlala ndawonye.

Umfana wathola imfundo yekhethelo e-1st Grammar School, okuyinto kanyekanye ne iziqu F. E. Dzerzhinsky. Yathonywa indlela uyise akhuluma ababenza inkonzo nge nobuciko omkhulu bokubanga ephimbweni lakhe, yakhwela kwikhabhinethi futhi behileleke nakwezamabhizinisi declamation. kwamthinta kakhulu wenza ukusebenza "I Demon" vilnenskogo yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, kunqunywa ngenkinga yakhe. Ngezinye lolimi esikoleni ehostela yesehlakalo, yena, a ibanga lesithupha, wenza DEBUT bakhe indima umhloli jikelele, ngokushesha baba usaziwayo wendawo. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi kwakunabazalwane abangu indima futhi Nozdryov Podkolosina, uthando lwangempela ethiyetha wendawo. Nokho, le nsizwa yahamba ukwenza Petersburg University ezinyathelweni nomfowabo omdala Anastas, ebabonisa lokho kusho ukuthi ufundile. Vasiliy Ivanovich Kachalov kokushiya ekhaya sabazali ngo-1894-m.

Qala wenza umsebenzi

Ukubhalisa esikoleni sezomthetho, le nsizwa ngokushesha iba obambe iqhaza kwi iqembu idrama kanye parallel uchitha sonke isikhathi sakhe e Alexandria Theatre. On ngesiphakamiso umlingisi M. I. Pisareva lihlanzekile njengoba Valero Moliere "I uNgoqo" yemidlalo ezincane (kuqondiswe yi E. Karpov), esethole isibusiso esiteji futhi ukuqashelwa ithalente etholakalayo. Dramatics Vasiliy Kachalov (isithombe esemncane uvezwa sihloko) Ngifunde umlingisi omkhulu V N. Davydova, owayehola ngesikhathi umfundi yaseshashalazini club. impumelelo yakhe yokuqala indima Neschastlivtseva (AI Ostrovsky "iZihlobo Zasehlathini"), okuyinto 1895 wethulwa emphakathini. Ezijabule VN Davydov lwabuthana ngethalente abasha.

Ngezinye 21, le nsizwa isivele abe professional umlingisi Suvorinsky yaseshashalazini iholo ruble 50. Lapho enza A. inkontileka S. Suvorin Kunconywa ukushintsha igama Vasily Ivanovich Shverubovich ivumelane ngaphezulu. Ngakho umlingisi uvele isidlaliso emhlabeni wonke ngawo waziwa. Insizwa ngempumelelo kuhlanganiswe umsebenzi wakhe professional imfundo, nakuba lokusungula futhi bohemian ukuphila ke ngubudlelwano. Kodwa indima nge Suvorin (wayedlala kubo 35) yayimane nje ahlekisayo uhlamvu vaudeville, ngakho ngeseluleko V N. Davydova umlingisi eya sifundazwe, kokushiya inyuvesi ngemva kweminyaka emine yokuqeqeshelwa cwaningo.

wesifundazwe ngesikhathi

Kanye usomabhizinisi abanamakhono M. M. Borodayu, iminyaka engu-2 izinyanga ezingu-6 Vasily Katchalov kudlalwa emadolobheni amabili, ekhuluma e Saratov neKazan. Yena kwaba behlanyiswa umsebenzi, ukudlala ngalesi sikhathi cishe izindima 250. Ngezinye 23 yena wadala amazulu isithombe Cassius e kaShakespeare "Yulii Tsezare," iningi labantu limdumisa sithathwe ngokuhlanganyelwa. Izibukeli hit ukubonakala umlingisi: ukukhula eliphakeme (185 cm), wayengumuntu ngempela nomzimba omncane okhanyayo, kodwa kahle kahle emzimbeni. Umlingisi bahileleke izandla nge emangalisayo eside ngohlobo ekhuluma ngeminwe yakhe. Kodwa umcebo main kwaba izwi lakhe ebukekayo. Baritone Sonorous ngokoqobo uloyiwe abahlezi ihholo.

Ngemva brilliant Shakhovsky indima "iNkosi Fyodor" nokudala enhloko-dolobha ye-Moscow Art Theatre (1898), Waphupha kwesiteji enkulu. EKazan, wahlangana umkakhe esizayo, actress Nina Litovtseva (Levestam), eyayithanda Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. It ekugcineni kunqunywa sokuhamba eMoscow.

Ukuvela Art Theatre

Lapho efika ngo-February 1900 e-Moscow Art Theatre Kachalov kwadingeka ukuba kubonakale Stanislavski. It wakhethwa njengosuku yesehlakalo lapho kwakufanele avele ngokushintshana e izithombe ezimbili: Boris Godunov futhi Ivana Groznogo. izitembu zaphumela esifundazweni abaye baba nendima negative - umbukiso bekaphadlhuke wanqoba. Vasily Katchalov akazange adikile eqhubeka eya ethiyetha nsuku zonke, ukubukela play of nabalingisi esivelele isikhathi. Ngokubeka ukulungiselela "Snow Maiden", kodwa akekho wamelana indima Berendey. Stanislavski wakhetha ukunika imfundamakhwela umlingisi elinye ithuba futhi wayengekho iphutha.

Ngemva ukubuyekeza lalamukela Kachalov, Wenza umsebenzi omkhulu ku wena izidingo catch lwabaphathi yaseshashalazini kwezobuciko. aseqala Wanqoba Septhemba 1900, ukwembula ikusasa eliqhakazile phambi kumdlali. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala evelele:

• Baron indima play "I-Lower Ngokujula", okuyinto Gorky wathi uncoma.
• Khesari play eponymous ka-William Shakespeare.
• Izindima kudlala A. P. Chehova "I Cherry Orchard" (Trofimov) kanye 'Izelamani ezintathu "(TUZENBACH).

umsebenzi isiqongo

Le mpumelelo wafika Vasily Ivanovich ngo-1905, futhi kuze kube yilapho inguquko eMoscow kuyoba kanjalo uthando naye, ukuthi incekukazi ngeke engozini imali eningi ngokudayisa izinto ezingutsheni zokugqoka wakhe, okuyinto ezingelwa kubalandeli abaningi. Poet S. Solovyov ambize "inkosi kwezifiso girlish", futhi izilaleli bazi zonke izindima zakhe ngaphandle kokukhetha. Endabeni ngayinye wabeka ukuqonda kwakhe ubuntu hero, benikela ngomnikelo ezingalindelekile, kodwa ngokuhlupheka incazelo. Ngakho, lapho ngesineke isithombe esihlukile ngokuphelele kwesikhulu Danish, ubhubhise we isinyathelo lapho ezinikela eminyakeni eyedlule. Ibonisa angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa Hamlet izingxabano ngokomzwelo: ukuqonda ukungapheleli ukuphila futhi singenamandla ukushintsha into kuwo (1911).

Glumova ukudlala A. I. Ostrovskogo njalo kudlalwa a villain kanye careerist. Vasily Katchalov utawuniketa incazelo entsha yesithombe, lapho ezovela abanamakhono futhi kuyindida, elingafunwa zonke zokuphila - umdlalo. Futhi kule game, afuna kube winner (1910). Iqhaza Ivana Karamazova (F. M. Dostoevsky) - one of the eziqine esiteji. Ngolunye usuku ukuwudlala, umlingisi izosebenzisa Monologue eliyingqikithi amakhonsathi, izithombe eziveza ngokusebenzisa Karamazov kuvisisa umhlaba (1910). kamuva Wavuma ukuthi yena wasithanda Karamazov ekuhlubukeni kuNkulunkulu nokholo amandla okucabanga. It ovuthayo kuye ngisho nokubhujiswa hero, okuyinto abalungisisayo ukoma emangalisayo ukuphila.

uhambo

Ngu inguquko V I. Kachalova simo sengqondo akubanga banemizwa engqubuzanayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayejwayelene ne wamavukelambuso UNikolai Bauman futhi umhlangano kubhekwe naye ungomunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni, ngakolunye - indodana yakhe Vadim balwa White Army. Kusukela ngo-1919 wahola ingxenye qembu waqhubeka nohambo eningizimu yezwe. Impi ophoqelelwe nabalingisi bashiye amakhaya abo, futhi uhambo zabo zaqhubeka e-Europe, Sofia, ePrague, Berlin, Zagreb, Paris. West ihlombe ithalenta abaseRussia, futhi Kachalov Vasiliy Ivanovich kudlalwa amakhonsathi kakhudlwana futhi ngokokuqala hlabelela "amaSkithe" Blok. Man imfundo kuyamangalisa, wafunda Homer ngesiGreki futhi Horace - ngesiLatini.

Linda iholidi kancane, qembu ithunyelwa uhambo entsha, enifeza uhambo US, elaqala ngempumelelo kohambo ne play "Tsar Fyodor". Ngesikhathi lo mkhaya uthuthela edolobhaneni isiJalimane, futhi K. S. Stanislavsky wayesaba ukuthi abadlali abaningi ngeke libuyele kusukela uhambo. Wathumela incwadi esimemela qembu abuthele ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Ngo-August 1924 V.Kachalov lokuqala wabuyela eMoscow.

ukuphila Siqu

Ngo Vasily Kachalov yahanjelwa gentry ubanzi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, umusa kanye zokungazimiseli ukucasula abantu. Wayethanda ukuxoxa, nemvelo, izizinda eside futhi idili ubumnandi ukuhlela kubo ekhaya. efulethini lakhe libonile lenqwaba ubuntu owaziwa phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Sergei Yesenin. Wenza abangane nomnikazi Doberman okuthiwa uJim, wabhala inkondlo enhle "I Hound ka Kachalov".

Kusukela 1900 kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe Vasily Katchalov wayeshade Nina Nikolayevna, ngubani wasala nezilima ngemva kokuba ukugula futhi ayikwazanga avele enkundleni. Wasiza akakwenze oqondisa. Ngosuku afa ngalo 50 Nicholas Ngidlale emdlalweni mayelana Decembrists, okuhleliwe umkakhe. Yena udumo lenqwaba amanoveli, kuhlanganise ubuhlobo besikhathi eside nge actress, umka indoda enkulu. Kodwa akazange ashiye umndeni, kwakhe kothando kuphela indodana Vadim.

Ngomusa wadzimate watinikela kubantu bangaphezi ekudumiseni yesehlakalo. Ngaphezu ukusebenza, kwenziwa ekhonsathini grand, eshiya lenqwaba amarekhodi atholakalayo namuhla. Ngo-1928, lapho izinkanyezi ku ifilimu buthule "White Lokhozi" (iqondiswe kaJ Protazanov). Phakathi ukuthwetshulwa "Eya Ekuphileni" (1931) waphathiswa kuye ukufunda nezinkondlo lezingane ezingenamakhaya, ukudala isimo esithombeni. Umbuso kulinganiselwa izimo zawo elisezingeni Umculi Yabantu ye-USSR (1936).

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, lapho agcinwe kule sibaleka, kuya esigabeni Art Theatre umlingisi ayisekho ukuphuma. indima yakhe yokugcina abalulekile kwaba Bardin play by Maxim Gorky "izitha." Wagula sikashukela, kodwa waqhubeka iqhaza auditions nezinhlelo ekhonsathini. 9/30/1948 ngemva kweminyaka engu-50 sikhonza Melpomene zidlulile Vasily Katchalov. Biography emfushane akuvumeli umuntu ukudlulisela yemakhono nomdlali omkhulu, ngokunakekela ukuthi ungakwazi ukukhuluma ekupheleni yonke inkathi yaseshashalazini.