ULidiya Andreevna Ruslanova: biography, indaba yokuphila, ubuciko kanye nezingoma ezihamba phambili

Ngubani Ruslanova noLidiya Andreevna? Biography esifingqa umsebenzi walo mculi oluvelele, ngabe izobukeka ngale ndlela: umculi odumile we-Russian Folk songs, yobudala efanayo ekhulwini XX, nazo zonke ematfuba abukhali yomlando Russian ngesigamu yayo yokuqala. Wazibonela lezintandane nobumpofu, udumo, ingcebo, kanye simthande ethandwa, kanye usizi aba nalo lapho kukaStalin esitokisini isithunzi ngenxa yanoma yisiphi womuntu umuntu ekamu khona. Kodwa umculi Russian noLidiya Andreevna Ruslanova kuphumelele futhi, kumnyama noma kubomvu, ukuba babuyele emsebenzini asebenzayo wokudala. Futhi akazange ayeke kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

NoLidiya Andreevna Ruslanova: Biography

Umuntu esakhula, kwathatha indawo esifundazweni Saratov. Wazalelwa 1900, ku-emkhayeni ompofu of Andrei futhi Tatiana Leikin. Ekuzalweni kwakhe, intombazane okuthiwa uPraskovya (ngokuvumelana kweminye imithombo, Agafia). Kusukela nababe wakhe-Mordvina uPraskovya waya amnyama amehlo okwe-alimondi yayithandwa, i side "nekurnosoe" ubuso nezinwele obukhulu amnyama.

Uyise ubesebenza njengomshayeli Loader kwelinye zinsika we iVolga, unina wathatha ukunakekelwa kwezingane ezintathu. Nabo abazali wahlala bendoda - Umama nobaba Daria Leikin Dmitry Gorshenin, okuthi njengombuso kamuva kwacaca, hhayi kakhulu ukuze bakhononde ngamamaki indodana yakhe yokutholwa.

Russia bebonke, futhi ikakhulukazi iVolga esifundeni, ezazidume ngokutshala ukucula yayo isiko. iculo Russian ephelezelwa umuntu phezu esaphila, kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube sekufeni, abantu Russian bebecula ngesikhathi emsebenzini, ngezinye play, emizaneni nasemadolobhaneni. Futhi encane Praskovja Leikin ingane ugxile umphefumulo wakhe amashuni Russian. Lucky wakhe ngomqondo wokuthi umfowabo kayise, uMalume uJakobe, wayengazi amagugu ukucula Okuyınqo, cishe ngenxa ukuthi zohlobo zabantu (ongekho isikhundla futhi imvelaphi!) Abaculi ukuthi zichazwe Ivan Turgenev e "Lo Singers" (ngenhlanhla main hero indaba nje Yasha Turk). umculi elikhazimulayo kwaba Daria nogogo wakhe, ukuze ukucula yakho ithalente Ruslanova ngofuzo zoyise.

Ukuvivinywa Kokungathathi esakhula

Ngemva kokuhlukana esidlule Soviet Russia ngesikhathi esisodwa kwaba evamile idealize ukuphila e Tsarist eRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Futhi umkhakha ke okuthiwa athuthukile, futhi umsebenzi kwakwanele, futhi umphakathi waba ngukumkani nokuzwana nabanye. Futhi konke lokhu ukuchuma kusolakala wabhubhisa "sizolahla amaBolshevik". Isibonelo okuphawuleka documentary Stanislav Govorukhin "Russia okuye kusilahlekele." Nokho, ukwazi amaqiniso, equkethe umlando Ruslanova uLidiya Andreyevna, refutes lokhu ukubukeka kwansuku zonke.

Uzenzela, umfundi. Ngo-1904, uqala empini Russian-Japanese, futhi Andreya Leykina, uyise wezingane ezincane ezintathu, kule izinsizwa lokuqala singayiswa empini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kufakazelwa umlobi Umlandvomphilo umcwaningi Ruslanova Sergei Mikheenkov encwadini yakhe "noLidiya Ruslanova. Soul umculi ", wanika lena usingababa, kodwa kwadingeka ukuba umzalwane engenabantwana Encane Andrei Leykina Fedot. Kodwa Old Ikholwa-usingababa kwaba umndeni umashiqela yangempela endlini yakhe akekho owaba nesibindi liphikisa (nokuthi ukuphikisa, uma abaphikisi uveza ukuthi kuqhutshwa kakhulu intando kaNkulunkulu!)

Khona-ke konke kwahamba sibi kakhulu. Mama Paraskevi, ukondla izingane zabo, wahlela ukusebenza efemini isitini ekhatsi Saratov. Ucabanga wathenjiswa umsebenzi olula? Kwenziwe into enjalo, wagqoka umsebenzi esindayo, lapho esikhathini esingaphansi nje konyaka, overstrained, wagula futhi wathatha kombhede wakhe. Futhi maduze nje washona, eshiyela izintandane ezincane ezintathu.

Ngokushesha futhi aziswe ukunyamalala kayise benganakwa ngezihluthu. Eqinisweni, indaba ukuthi kwenzekeni kuye, ephawula ngokugcwele nabulungisa phansi umphakathi eRussia owayephila, kanye ukungabakhathaleli nhlobo izinhlelo zokuvikeleka komphakathi. Kwesobunxele ayivumelekile legless, ngaphandle inhlalakahle konke okwakufunwa yiziphathimandla, wabona engenakwenzeka ukubuya umndeni, njengoba okwakungaba kokubili izingane zabo nabazali babo (ikakhulukazi wakhe usingababa Old Engakholwa) umthwalo ezengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, lapho efika e Saratov, wayengumuntu iyisinxibi encenga ezitebhisini ethempelini. Nasi "nokuzwana nabanye" kule nguqulo Russian.

umculi Street

ithuthukiswe kanjani ngemva kokulahlekelwa abazali biography Ruslanova uLidiya Andreyevna? Umkhulu Engakholwa emva ukulahlekelwa endodaneni empini futhi yokushonelwa indodakazi-wathutha ukungathandi kwakhe ngenxa Leikin ku umzukulu amadala uPraskovya, asetshenziswa kabi wakhe futhi abashaya le ntombazane. Lokhu wayebhekwa ugogo kwabakhulelwe, owayehlala olubheke edolobhaneni elingumakhelwane, okuyinto wamthatha kuye nomfowethu omncane. Kodwa ugogo yena kokunye ephundlekile futhi ngokushesha zaba yizimpumputhe. Yilowo nyaka eyisithupha uPraskovya isinxibi juvenile nogogo wakhe izimpumputhe ayehamba emigwaqweni Saratov futhi emizini ezungezile, wahlabelela Folk songs, futhi ugogo wacela ukwabelwa isipho. Ngenhlanhla ngabo, intombazane izwi ihlanzekile kakhulu futhi enamandla nge indlebe ephelele umculo. Plus inkumbulo olukhuni ngokungavamile, ukuze engamahlongandlebe umculi emgwaqweni kuyabathokozisa izilaleli repertoire ebanzi izingoma zasemaphandleni nezasemadolobheni, futhi izilaleli nakumkhokhela ababengenza ngayo.

Ngonyaka siphasise "art ojabulayo 'enjalo. Abafile, ayikwazi ukumelana Izehlakalo nobunzima, ugogo kanye eziyisikhombisa engu-intombazane yayiqhubeka ukuhlabelela ezitaladini. Kodwa kubonakala sengathi labo, ngalesi sikhathi namanje cranked ngoba isondo ku "ihhovisi zasezulwini", futhi oyintandane abampofu wahosha ukunakwa noyisikhulu lo mfelokazi ithenda ezithandayo, namuhla phakathi kwezilaleli emgwaqweni ngokuhlabelela yakhe. Ukuzama kwakhe, zonke izintandane ezintathu ezingamaHebheru Leikin kwanezelwa ezindaweni zokukhosela ehlukahlukene uPraskovya abaphezulu phakade washintsha igama, ekubeni Lidiey Ruslanovoy. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze wenze ntombazanyana yokukhosela ezinhle kwelinye amasonto central e Saratov, eyayintula choir ayo, okuyinto ukubuthela abafundi abanamakhono. Kodwa izinkinga wukuthi yokukhosela akalithabathanga izintandane ongumlimi (ngokusobala, ngoba kule "ephephile" Tsarist Russia kwakukhona omningi) futhi igama langempela kanye nesibongo intombazane ekhashelwa ongumlimi wakhe ngemuva. Ngakho-ke kwadingeka ukuba, ukuze sisinde, ukuyeka ngenxa yabo.

I impumelelo lokuqala

Kanjani ukuphila ngemva kwalokho noLidiya Andreevna Ruslanova? Biography ke wathonywa ithalente lakhe. Lezi zikhungo Lida ezincane kanye wamukelwe ekwayeni futhi wenza soloist, eqala ukufunda esikoleni lesifunda. Nge ibamba wahlanganyela choristers professional, ngokusobala, kwaba ngenxa yemizamo yakhe, Lida, babonakala kalula kangaka? "Anikelwe" izwi owanikhipha udumo lwakhe kazwelonke esikhathini esizayo.

Okwamanje, i-soloist encane wayecula ekwayeni Motets. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, ubuciko yakhe ine phezu izilaleli umphumela cishe imilingo. Ethempelini, lapho wenza, zathuthelekela abathandi umculo isonto kusuka Saratov ulalele umculi zisezincane, eyaziwa ngokuthi "intandane" futhi wathi, "Asiye izintandane." Adume wemidlalo amaSoviet nasemakamu screenwriter AI Prut, ngijwayele uLidiya ngiseyingane, washiya izinkumbulo nangomdlandla ukucula kwakhe ethempelini. By the way, emazwini akhe kuyaziwa ukuthi ubaba kwe Lida ecela umpheme ethempelini, + kodwa yena noma indodakazi yakhe Akabonisanga ubuhlobo, ngoba ngokusemthethweni kwathiwa ohlwini uyintandane, futhi lokho kwangenza wakhe isisekelo ukuba endaweni yokukhosela.

Lokhu kwaqhubeka iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa ezindaweni zokukhosela isonto izingane zazigcinwa iDemo. Ngokushesha nje lapho ingane ikhula, wanikeza umfundi ngasiphi inkampani. Kwaba njalo Lida. Ngokushesha eseneminyaka nambili, waba polirovschitsey efemini ifenisha. Kodwa lapha isivele eyaziwa, abanye abantu baye bezwa ukucula kwakhe ebandleni, abantu abaningi bacelwe ukuba bacule isisebenzi abasebancane kakhulu, futhi esikhundleni ukusiza izabelo zakhe ephelele.

Kwenye yalezi amakhonsathi ngokurhaba Ngizwile UProfesa Saratov Conservatory Medvedev abeza efektri ifenisha. Wamema i-abasha ithalente amakilasi ngesikhathi somculo, futhi Lida Eminyakeni embalwa khona ezifundweni zakhe. Kube ethola izisekelo yale mfundo zomculo.

Ngesikhathi "impi German" kule minyaka ayenawo

Njengoba eminye Waqhubeka ukuphila kwakhe noLidiya Andreevna Ruslanova? Umlando wakhe kwashintsha kakhulu lapho kugqashuka iMpi Yezwe II. Ukuqala baseRussia yayo abaningi balamukela ngomdlandla. Phela, iqale impi ngo-Russia, eJalimane, ekuphenduleni izidingo esiqinile ukuyeka ingcindezi Serbia, okuyinto bezilokhu waqonda njengoba izwe lobuzalwane namadlelandawonye. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ngokwemvelo, igagasi jikelele intshiseko esibanjiwe Lydia. Ngabomvu eyishumi nesithupha, yena kwakuqashwa njengoba umhlengikazi isitimela esibhedlela. Lapha yena futhi becula, kodwa ngenxa eyayilimele.

Ngu umhlengikazi inkonzo isikhathi osebenza ngomshado wokuqala akuphumelelanga Lydia. Elect kwaba isikhulu handsome Vitaly Stepanov, owayeneminyaka kabili endala njengomlando umkakhe osemusha. Ngenxa yalokhu umshado, uLidiya entwasahlobo ka-1917 indodana wazalwa. ULidiya walithanda umyeni wakhe futhi wayefuna ukuphila okuvamile umndeni, kodwa ngemva Okthoba 1917 sekuyinto engenakwenzeka. Too elikhanyayo, ukubukeka abadelelayo ahlukile kwaba Vitaly Stepanov, ukuze angena ukuphila e kwamaBolshevik Russia. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha emva kwempi, yena esehambile wathatha indodana yakhe naye, empeleni owayintshontsha ovela kunina. Azisekho sakhe noma indodana yakhe ULidiya nimbone.

Njengoba kahle esikhathini esizayo, phakathi kulwiwa, wayephila noLidiya Andreevna Ruslanova? Biography kwakuhlangene entsha Soviet Russia. Umyeni-nombaleki wakhetheka, noLydia - bakhe. Kusukela ngo-1918, waba uhambo esikhathini iRed Army njengengxenye ekhonsathini brigades. Kulapho amakhono athile amakhono awusizo wafunda e Saratov. band lokwentiwako, lapho ayesebenza Ruslanova, wajabulela impumelelo efanayo. repertoire yakhe lalinabashumayeli amabhlogo amabili elikhulu ngoma: Folk songs yokuqala "ruslanovskoy" incazelo nasemadolobheni, okuthiwa .. zothando nesihluku efana "njengegazi ibala ngenyanga," noma "Lokho engahlelekile kwakwakhiwa kathathu." Phakathi abayithandayo of ithalente lakhe kuleyo minyaka kwakubhalwe namaqhawe owaziwa kulwiwa, ezifana Mihail Budenny.

Ohambweni Ukraine uLidiya ihlangabezana intokazi sezokuphepha Nahume Nauminym, okwakubekelwa enamathiselwe lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ekhonsathini yabo brigades. ngokushesha Waba umyeni wakhe, futhi umshado eyathatha iminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi.

Wayengubani lutho iyoba konke

Lezi imigqa liculo Communist "I Internationale" asebenza ngokugcwele ikusasa Heroine yethu emva kulwiwa. Futhi yena nomyeni wakhe wathuthela eMoscow (Naumin wathola okuthunyelwe apharathasi eyinhloko Cheka). Banezinhliziyo efulethini ukhululekile, indoda ithola iholo ehloniphekile. kuthathwe kanye ngokunenzuzo lesi sipho ukudalelwa noLidiya Andreevna Ruslanova? Umlando wakhe kubonisa ukuthi ngokugcwele. Yena uqala ukujola imvelo eMoscow bohemia, ukuthatha izifundo ekuculeni nge abadumile we Bolshoi Theatre futhi uyaqhubeka bezobuka. Ngokuvamile, izinkambo kukhona eningizimu, e Rostov-on-Don nezinye emadolobheni amakhulu eningizimu. Akukho elambile, maphakathi Russia, umphakathi ophumelelako futhi musa skimp on ukuthengwa amathikithi for amakhonsathi. Ruslanova uhola kahle, ikhono lakhe lukhulu umsebenzi, kunganikeza amakhonsathi nsuku zonke kwaze kwaphela inyanga.

Phakathi nale nkathi, ekuqaleni eqoqweni layo odumile imidwebo, amabhuku ezingavamile, kwakudala nezinto zokuhloba. indodakazi abampofu ongumlimi sika, uyintandane, angakaze noma endlini yakhe, noma inkokhelo ehloniphekile, kuvele kube yinto lady abacebile, kahle futhi expensively abagqoke, umngenisi wezihambi izihambi, njalo ngesandla esivulekile wabaphatha nezivakashi eziningi Nauminym eMoscow efulethini (e mbali phakathi izinkambo).

Ifike eziphakemeyo ukuthandwa

Ngu-1929, Uyalandisa amaziyo wakhe nge Mihailom Garkavi, nosaziwayo adumile nokuthi ukusho namuhla, umphathi art okhokhelwayo. Ngesikhathi umsebenzi ekhonsathini Ruslanova yaphenduka sina, ngolimi lwanamuhla, bonisa ibhizinisi, ababeyidinga ngempela umhleli abanekhono. Wayedinga umuntu njengami Garkavi, nokuthi, esikhundleni salokho, lesi inkanyezi njengophawu Ruslanova, ku umkhathizwe lalo. Bobabili badinga nomunye, futhi ngenxa yalokho iye yanquma ukuba bahlanganyele kulo mbhangqwana, ukufinyelela ubuhlobo zokudala nangawo. Naumin waqonda kahle futhi akazange aphikisane Lydia. Ahlukanisa ngokuthula.

Ngaphansi kobuholi Garkavi ekhonsathini-uhambo umsebenzi Ruslanova ku 30s ithole ububanzi enkulu, sekuwumkhuba umculi ngempela esidlangalaleni ezaziwayo. Sales, Amarekhodi wakhe. Ruslanova kwakuzwakala ke endlini ngayinye, lapho kwakukhona khona irekhodi gramophone ngokuvamile ukusakaza phezu Zonke-Union Radio.

Omunye ukudluliswa enjalo wezwa futhi wahlala ekudingisweni Feodor Chaliapin. Wajabula ngokuhuba kwentokozo wakhe ithalente nezwi, wanika Lidii Andreevne siyakuhalalisela wami oqotho.

Ukuze zonke udumo lwakhe, wayengesona "inkantolo" umculi kukaStalin, njengoba abaculi abaningi owaziwa isikhathi. Angiyithandanga izenzakalo ezisemthethweni nasemakhonsathini phambi abameleli parthoznomenklatury. Njengoba baziwa kakhulu phawula yayo ngokugqamile ezashiwo Stalin yena, uma ekhonsathini e-Kremlin, okuyindawo kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba senqabe, umholi wamcela ukuba itafula yakhe nokunikela ukuthenga izithelo. Ngaleso uLidiya Andreeva wathi kwayena wayengekho elambile, kodwa basezweni lakubo kusukela iVolga esifundeni, abangamalungu silambile, siphe ukudla kuyoba mnandi. Khona-ke lesi senzo nemiphumela yaso ngokushesha yayingenamhlabathi, kodwa, njengoba wazi, "kusho umholi we yazo zonke izizwe 'lutho ukhohlwa futhi ningathetheleli ubani noma yini.

Wayengumuntu nabantu bakhe bonke ukuhlolwa

Ruslanova noLidiya Andreevna, biography, indaba yokuphila ukuthi sifunda ndawonye njalo izingqondo zabantu bakithi (okungenani abantu asebebadala) kusukela ngesikhathi sempi. Impi for Ruslanova, njengoba wonke wabantu isiRashiya, futhi ekugcineni waba test okukhulu kunakho konke ngokuzimisela futhi amandla bese ngesikhathi esifanayo waphakamisa ungubani wakhe isikhundla sokuba uphawu kazwelonke. kwalowo msebenzi wokuzidela wakhe ongenabugovu phakathi nayo yonke iminyaka empini wahlala phakade inkumbulo yabantu, nokuthi inkumbulo wayengasakwazi ukusula noma iyiphi iziphathimandla lokukhohlwa noma kweminyaka eboshiwe noma entsha nentuthuko post-impi ngemiklamo yobuciko nokuphila ngokwako.

Image Ruslanova, enza front line ingoma amasosha esigabeni ngokurhaba ngesimo umzimba "iloli" nge eligoqiwe out izinhlangothi, waqala ezisenkumbulweni izizukulwane uphawu sokuhle efanayo impi, efana Balloons esibhakabhakeni phezu eMoscow, a imishayo sawela ka searchlights noma anti "onogwaja" emgwaqweni edolobheni. Mhlawumbe akukho nokukodwa abaculi langaleso sikhathi enganikanga ngakho angakanani amandla phambi, kungukuthi Kwadlula amakhulu ezinkulungwane amakhilomitha emigwaqweni front-line eminyakeni emine impi njengoba Ruslanova. Lokho wanikwa ilungelo Marshal Zhukov May 2, 1945 ekhonsathini phezu izinyathelo Reichstag zonakale Berlin. Futhi imithetho nabanye ngombono ophakeme, ukuthi impi ngokwayo kwamsiza: ngamashumi amane nambili, sishadile kathathu, abesifazane bathole uthando lwabo kuyiqiniso sasikulindele ngokulangazela.

Ngo-1942, yena babuka yokuqala Guards Cavalry Corps, elaliholwa Jikelele uVladimir Kryukov, yangaphambili hussar lomkhumbi olamandla ongedluli ka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, a ephonseka obomvu abakhwele amahhashi impi yombango, futhi ekugcineni, lesi jikelele ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ungakwazi ukusho amagama Mihaila Bulgakova ukuthi uthando wababulala ngokuzumayo njengoZamcolo sombulali ngommese e-alley. romance yabo lakhula ngokushesha ukuze wedwa bavumelana ukushada lapho beqala ukuhlangana.

Michael Garkavi yabonisa ukuphana Wagudluka, asele umngane omuhle uLidiya Andreevna kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. Yena luqobo baba ozinikele ukuba Jikelele Kryukov nabakhathalelayo ekungeyona eyakhe unina namadodakazi akhe amahlanu kuphela Margot, unina ophethwe wayeshone ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi.

indondo icala

NoLidiya Andreevna Ruslanova, biography nezingoma okuyinto ngokucace kangaka ukuboniswa ubunikazi bayo kweqiniso futhi uhlamvu kazwelonke isiRashiya, wahlupheka omunye ekuhlushweni okubuhlungu ngemva kwempi, kodwa balahlekelwa inkululeko yaso ngenxa eminyakeni embalwa. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Kube kwaqhibuka ibe ibhola Friend of ifindo elikhulu eziphikisanayo zanqwabelana amashumi eminyaka, bekulokhu "aqhephukile" omashiqela amandla uStalin nazo zonke unya akhona nomphela nokuzimisela.

Kuyini lokhu kuphikisana? Okokuqala, phakathi eziwubukhazikhazi, limenyezelwe main zengqondo ngemibono ukulingana yato tonkhe takhamuti kukhululwe Soviet nokungalingani abo aluhlaza eqinisweni, ukudalwa kwamathuba amalungu eqembu, elite kwezomnotho nakwezempi wezwe ukuzicebisa kanye ukuqinisekisa izinga lokuphila kuyinto oda eziningana kunakunoma mass eyinhloko izakhamuzi. Ngemva kwempi, lokhu okubonakala ikhale nje, ngoba ojenene Soviet ngemva kokunqoba kwakhe sahlanganisa ingcebo yakhe enkulu, sabanjwa anawo iziphathimandla umsebenzi eJalimane naseMpumalanga Yurophu. imisebenzi Ayigugu yobuciko, kwakudala, ubucwebe aqala ukugcwala Cottages nezindawo zokuhlala of izikhulu eziningi ngempela namaSoviet futhi ojenene, kuhlanganise phezulu bamabutho. Mina yayiphumula futhi Jikelele Kryukov, nge indima ebalulekile ekuqongeleleni ingcebo ojenene ambalwa wadlalela noLidiya Ruslanova nge ukuxhumana kwayo elikhulu phakathi abaculi kanye ukuqonda kahle ukubaluleka bezikhali into.

Ekuqaleni, uStalin futhi imvelo bakhe abaseduze zezombusazwe ungagxambukeli ke, ngisho wakhuthaza umkhuba, kodwa kwakumane mncane Tactical hambisa ubuhlakani wamacebo zezombusazwe. Ukubuka (ngabophiko lwezokuphepha), efana yene ojenene Soviet zokunethezeka ezingenakubalwa, wayephulula izandla zakhe ilindele ukukwazi ukushaja nabo ekuziphatheni okonakele nokunonophala obungemthetho. Phela, watatazela at the emehlweni ugobe nakuhulumeni wakhe. Futhi lezi ukwesaba abangu thombo thungela. Abaningi ojenene we impi esidlule ayikwazanga ukuthethelela kukaStalin ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu pre-impi, yambeka icala i ukunqotshwa okuhlazisayo we eminyakeni emibili yokuqala empini, sazama ukuqeda ngaphandle kokuphila ngokwesaba njalo wokuwa olungcolile ngumholi. Kodwa ezinye zazo ebucayini ngokwabo, ukuthatha amagugu indondo futhi okwenza kube ngokuvamile ngokudlula ngisho nezinqubo abaqotho kakhulu olusemthethweni. Futhi Stalin akazange behluleka ukusizakala ke.

iqembu elikhulu ojenene futhi maphoyisa aboshwe ekwindla ka-1948, ikakhulukazi ngenxa isibalo nabo Marshal Zhukov lapho eseneminyaka umsebenzi amabutho iqembu lakhe e-Germany. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka uVladimir Kryukov. Ngosuku olulodwa naye eboshwa futhi iBethel e Kazan noLidiya Ruslanova (kanye ezimbili accompanist wakhe futhi sijwayeleke, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, "ngoba inkampani").

"Sengathi uNkulunkulu angasipha ukuba izwe lakini ungenaso wakhahlela ... ibhungane-crusher"

Yini wamangalelwa noLidiya Ruslanova? Biography kanye ukusebenza ke yayicacile njalo umsuka yesigaba sabasebenzi, ukuthi ibonakala kakhulu ke, izimangalo ke "izitho" eyayidume kwakungafanele. Ngakho, ngaphezu amacala ejwayelekile ze limelene namaSoviet yena wamangalelwa ngokuthi ukukhwabanisa impahla indondo. Kulapho "ukoma auknulos 'ezintweni zokunethezeka, okuyinto ekuqaleni wakhuthaza umbuso uStalin ngokwayo, bese ku-akhawunti yakhe futhi ajezise yayo, ngisho uma okubhekenwe engokomfanekiso.

Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, lokho abaphenyi wafuna - it is ezibekwe ngaphansi uphenyo marshal Zhukov. Wayengumuntu injongo eyinhloko zonke lo mcimbi emikhulu. Ukuze credit yayo, Lidii Ruslanovoy kumele wathi baziphathe ngenhlonipho nangomusa ukubhekana akuhambile unembeza. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana Jikelele Kryukov, ayehlushwe e-KGB icala ejele kakhulu ngendlela iminyaka emine, futhi wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-25 kuphela in the 50s ekuseni.

Lidiyu Ruslanovu ngu sinqumo kodwa amagugu athunjwa, wancishwa yonke impahla ukuthi iye efunde phezu engamashumi amathathu kanzima phakathi esiteji. Walibamba iqoqo imidwebo ngabaculi Russian (ke eyabuyiswa), ifenisha, kwakudala, izincwadi ezingavamile, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ibhokisi wamadayimane, okuyinto yena eqoqwe kusukela esikhathini lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. Ukuze usakaze eside sokuboshwa kuze kube yena nomyeni wakhe Jikelele Kryukov, ngaphandle izihloko ejwayelekile Criminal Code of the RSFSR 58-10 "inkulumo-ze emelene ngempela namaSoviet", ayegcotshwa umthetho esasinedumela elibi, "Ngo spikelets" ngo-February 7, 1932, lapho wakufanelekela ukweba njengendlela imisebenzi esiphikisayo wamavukelambuso .

Eminyakeni emihlanu noLidiya Ruslanova wanyamalala. Noma yimuphi Ukhulumé ngegama lakhe ku cindezela bese emsakazweni kumisiwe. A amahemuhemu ezimbi yaqala ukusakaza emphakathini ukuthi Ruslanova nomyeni wakhe baye bathatha "ngoba kangakanani izingqinamba kanye imikhawulo." Khonamanjalo ekuleso leminyaka, ekuqaleni ngaphansi Ozerlag Taishet, bese edumile uVladimir Central (wazama omunye ekamu onogada owabhala ekubalahleni ukuthi Ruslanova futhi Camp kuholela ukuyaluza WaseSoviet).

Ngemva kokufa kukaStalin futhi Beria ukuchema kuzo futhi hlala isikhundla ebalulekile Zhukov kwaphakamisa umbuzo ka liqulwe kabusha Kryukov futhi Ruslanova. Izithandani avuselelwa ngowokuqala ngqa wezigidi iziboshwa Gulag. Babuyela eMoscow ngo-August 1953.

isiphetho

Ngemva wenkululeko Ruslanova wahamba iminyaka engamakhulu 20, ziphila iminyaka engu-14 umyeni wayo, futhi akabange esaba emiphumeleni sokuhlushwa. Uye waphindela endaweni yesehlakalo, lapho savakashela futhi wathola kahle. Kucatshangwa ngakho konke lokhu uNawomi wasala, kunjengokungathi kude isiqondiso jikelele ekuthuthukiseni umculo Soviet, akazange afune ukuba nesimanje repertoire zabo zaqhubeka ukwenza yendabuko Folk zokubhukuda. Abaningi bese isitayela nalo lwalubonakala zakudala, kodwa Ruslanova wasigcwalisa ngokwawo waphakade yayo, manje njengoba siye saba sobala, ezijulile Folk art.

Lokho kusho ukuthini ngegama lanamuhla Russian - Ruslanova noLidiya Andreevna? Biography, Filmography kungagcini amafilimu yayo esifushane, ungayeki isithombe esiphelele ithalente lakhe, mayelana nezinga ukwanda phakathi kwabantu ngesikhathi sakhe. Kodwa kukhona amarekhodi ukuthi ayigcina ngezwi elikhulu, isitayela esiyingqayizivele ukusebenza. Lalela kubo, umfundi. Futhi uma une enhliziyweni yakho "string Russian" kakhulu esashiwo Turgenev e "singers" yakhe, ngokuqinisekile ngeke aphendule izwi Ruslanova.