Tretyakov Igalari: amahholo kanye nencazelo yabo

Tretyakov Igalari - omunye iminyuziyamu edume kakhulu eRussia futhi emhlabeni wonke. Umbukiso olubanzi uhlanganisa inkathi esukela ekhulwini leshumi nanye namuhla. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi Tretyakov Gallery, okuyinto amahholo babé obonakalisa art Russian kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla, waqala neqoqo yangasese.

Ikhaya Ukwabelana

Yetivakashi ekhatsi Lavrushinsky Lane Tretyakov labawatfolile esifundvweni 1851. I yomkhaya, uPavel, wayengusomabhizinisi ophumelelayo, kodwa yaba UMuphi ovelele, atshalwe izinhlelo eziningi ezisiza ngesihle. Wayengumuntu ngalendoda okhuthele, lokuqoqa imidwebo, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu imifanekiso nezinye wobuciko.

Wayesebenza kahle umgomo global - ukwakha igalari kazwelonke, hhayi nje Museum. Ukuqala iqoqo izithombe eziyishumi ngesineke by amakhosi Dutch. Ekuqaleni, Tretyakov Gallery, lapho amahholo avuleka kuphela emalungwini omkhaya, izivakashi, yahlala endlini, lapho Tretyakov wahlala. Kodwa ukuqoqwa lakhula ngokushesha, futhi izindawo ukubonisa akwanele. Lapho umnikazi wokuphila ekhiqizwa ukuhlelwa kabusha eziningi. Futhi lapho Pavle Mihayloviche idolobha dwellers ithuba ukuvakashela isikhungo kwamasiko efana Tretyakov Igalari. Amagumbi landiswa futhi embukisweni selikhule njalo. On udumo Museum Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi phakathi neminyaka engu-amane izivakashi zalo ezingaphezu kuka-30 eziyinkulungwane abantu.

iminyaka engu-40 ngemva Eqinisweni, njengoba kwakunjalo ekuqaleni eqoqweni, uPavel Tretyakov walinika njengesipho eMoscow. Umhlangano kwahambisana by imisebenzi yobuciko agcinwe umzalwane yesibili, uSergei. Ngakho kwaba khona e Moscow "Igalari of UPavel Sergei Tretyakov." Enye UMuphi owaziwa Morozov wamnikela yobuciko by Renoir, Van Gogh, Monet. Naphezu ukudluliselwa muzi, kokubili abavikela aqhubeka ubuyise iqoqo. Ngemva kokufa Tretyakov yonke indlu Lavrushinsky alley phezu edolobheni.

New Life Collection

Ngo-1913, umphatheli kanye nomqondisi we igalari waqokwa I. E. Grabar. Kodwa yena wayengekho kuphela onekhono umculi, wezakhiwo futhi Isazi-mlando sezobuciko, kodwa futhi umhleli. Ayelichithe umsebenzi omkhulu systematizing iqoqo. Wabela indwangu lezinkathi zomlando, ukuze kuhlale izivakashi ithuba umsuka wezimfundiso art Russian. Lapho yasungulwa, futhi workshop sokubuyiselwa. Ekupheleni konyaka umsebenzi elenga ihholo we Tretyakov Gallery, baba iyatholakala ukuthi ihlolwe umphakathi ojwayelekile.

Ngemva inguquko, yonke inhlangano zadliwa uhulumeni ezandleni republic abasha. Yasungulwa "State Tretyakov Igalari", ogama zakhiwo lwenziwa lutholakale kubo bonke izingxenye sabantu. Iqoqo ikhule kakhulu ngenxa ubudlelwane namanye iminyuziyamu namaqoqo eyimfihlo ukudluliswa, eyayibonakala uhulumeni ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamaSoviet.

Phakathi nempi amaqoqo Museum zihanjiswe Novosibirsk. AmaNazi ngamabhomu waphakamisela dolobha. Ngamabhomu izikhawu ezimbili ephezulu eziqhumayo 1941 yamjabulisa ngqo Tretyakov Gallery, owabangela umonakalo abalulekile. Kodwa ngonyaka olandelayo, waqala ukubuyiselwa Museum, futhi ngo-1944 igalari umnyango abakhileyo ozithandayo yenhloko-dolobha kabusha wavula emphakathini.

amahholo Tretyakov Igalari

Kusukela ekusungulweni yayo, isakhiwo igalari waba kabusha kambalwa. Kukhona ukushintshana entsha futhi isikhala ezengeziwe uvele njengoba ukuqoqwa yonke inkazimulo yayo. Kuze kube manje, esichasiselweni Itholakala amakamelo 106. Iningi itholakala ebhilidini Lavrushinsky Lane, lapho kwakuyibona 62. I eziyinkimbinkimbi sihlanganisa Museum-ibandla St .. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, workshop-Museum Golubkina, Vasnetsov House-Museum kanye nayo endlini-Museum of Corina. Njalo ikamelo Tretyakov Igalari - kuba ithuba uthinte art, bheka yobuciko ekhaliphile. Iqoqo liqukethe ziphephile phezu ayizinkulungwane 150, eziningi zazo bayazazi bonke kusukela ebuntwaneni. yakhiwe Abaningi imidwebo kufakwe zesikole kulo lonke leli zwe. On lezi zithombe ungafunda Russian. Phela, thina lulwandle, njengasezulwini imidwebo ngu Aivazovsky, ihlathi - efana Shishkin, imvelo njengoba Levitan. Ngisho Kwesimo best of Pushkin abawazi wonke wesikole, uyibeke lapha.

iconography ihholo

Kuwo wonke amagumbi Tretyakov Igalari has imidwebo, umoya. Kodwa mhlawumbe omunye amahholo oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke - a iconography ihholo. Uma uthumela Pavel iqoqo imidwebo futhi wanikeza 62 imifanekiso kusuka eqoqweni lakhe. Manje Museum kukhona angamakhulu amaningana. Ngamunye wabo limelela indlela zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni ezweni Russian. Phakathi kwabo kukhona imisebenzi by Rublev, Theophanes esiGrekini nezinye abadwebi abadumile. Futhi omunye izithombe ohlonishwayo kakhulu futhi lasendulo obala esontweni ekhaya we Tretyakov Igalari - lo Vladimir uNina kaNkulunkulu. Uneziqu iminyaka engaphezu kuka-900.

Ukuchayeka Lavrushinsky Lane

Lesi sakhiwo Lavrushinsky Lane, edumile Vasnetsov olungaphambili lwesonto, uze kuqala eqoqweni. Amakamelo 62, ihlukaniswe 7 zigaba, izindaba ngohlelo lokulandelana, ubukisa imisebenzi by abaculi best of Russia hhayi kuphela. Yeka ukuthi inkulu kangakanani futhi nhlobonhlobo le Tretyakov Igalari. Incazelo amakamelo Wawuthatha imiqulu eminingi nomagazini ukubhala. Eqhubekela phambili uhambo, kungcono ukuba ukhethe umculi ethile noma imidwebo, okuyinto nikela esikhathini esiningi. Kungenjalo, ujwayele nemipheme kuyoba olukha phezulu kakhulu futhi akuphelele. Amagama amahholo Tretyakov Igalari oluhambisana wadalula emaqoqweni zabo.

Ngakho, i-art Russian lasendulo umelwe e iconography.

Futhi amahholo XVIII-XIX eminyaka embukisweni imidwebo amakhosi amakhulu Levitsky, Rokotoff Ivanova, Bryullov. Ukuze abonise Umdwebo Ivanov "I Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu" igumbi ekhethekile yakhiwa. Bese libhonga ekumeni odumile yisibalo esikhulu sabasebenzi esingakaze angaziwa. Kwakubalulekile ukuba abambe futhi adlulisele on ngendwangu izici nobunjalo indoda, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele sibe abadumile. Kusukela imisebenzi Bryullov kuqashelwe umsebenzi wobuciko wenziwa "UMgibeli", lapho intombazanyana nge umusa omangalisayo ihlala endaweni enhle livundle ihhashi eliyisa omangalisayo.

Futhi it ithumba ukunakwa kwehholo, lapho imisebenzi abaculi Engxenyeni kwekhulu XIX yesibili. Lapho ungakwazi Gxila emhlabeni imilingo yobuciko enengqondo, lapho yonke imininingwane is ababulawa ukuhlolisisa emangalisayo. In the izithombe Repin ngokwenyama kunjani kwaba elangeni elishisayo otshanini njengoba leaf ngamunye unyakaza umoya. A "Amaqhawe ezintathu" Vasnetsov like namuhla ukuvikela imingcele kubahlaseli bengamenyiwe. By endleleni, lapha ungabona futhi usebenze Vasnetsov Bush.

Umdwebo Surikov sika "Boyar tvoix rukax" noma "Ekuseni we Strelets Ukubulawa" anomqondo umfutho ngokomzwelo ngayinye umhlanganyeli ku lezo zenzakalo. Azikho umuntu angabi nandaba noma uhlamvu ezikhululekile. Zonke ebhaliwe ngokuqiniseka, amazing.

Esikhathini sibonakalisa yokudweba XIX-XX eminyaka, okwethula umsebenzi Geniuses ezifana Serov, Vrubel, kanye nabamele i-Union of Abaculi Russian.

Amagugu Art Russian

Enkulu futhi ezihlukahlukene Tretyakov Igalari. AmaHholo, imidwebo, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu ihluzo ngeke abashiye ubani nandaba. A ahlukene ingxenye embukisweni yiyona "UMgcinimafa", de embukisweni izinto ezenziwe amatshe ayigugu kanye amagugu. Jewelers lesidze ukusebenza othakazelisayo.

ihluzo

A ekamelweni elihlukile lunikezelwe art ingcaca. Zonke imisebenzi okwethulwa le ndlela, kuba wesaba kakhulu ukukhanya, kungcono indalo enhle. Ngakho-ke, ukuze sibonise efakwe ukukhanyisa yabo ekhethekile, kancane ingezwakali. Lapha embukisweni iqoqo elikhulu kunawo wonke ihluzo Russian. Futhi encane kodwa akukho iqoqo kancane eziwusizo umlindisango yesikhumbuzo.

yobuciko wesimanje

Isakhiwo Krymsky Val, noma oluphathelene naye lowo Tretyakov Gallery, okwethula art kusuka nenkathi yamaSoviet kuze kube namuhla. Izivakashi ababukele ngesithakazelo njengoba imibono inomthelela mculi.

amakhosi Hall

Iqoqo Unomsebenzi olulodwa, futhi kukhona amaqoqo yonke imidwebo ye-master. Kuqashwa ikamelo enikelwe umculi ku Tretyakov Gallery, iqukethe kuphela imisebenzi izinkathi ezahlukene. yavlyatsya embukisweni okunjalo imisebenzi by Shishkin. Kodwa amanye amakhosi shayela abanemfundo inhlonipho enjalo.

Kusukela wokuvula yayo, le Tretyakov Igalari baba iqoqo ocebile imidwebo kanye art izinto. Ngisho Museum isiRashiya, esungulwe ezingeni wombuso, ukulahlekelwa ukuthandwa lokhu mhlangano.