Sibutsetelo CentOS 7: ukufakwa, izici ngokwezifiso kanye nezincomo

Abaningi abawazi ukuthi zonke izinsizakalo kanye namasevisi sisebenzisa kuwebhu, okusekelwe kahle amakhompyutha efanayo ezisebenza emizini yethu, kodwa ukusetha ezahlukene ngokuphelele, Asiqhoshi isikhombikubona oluhle sokuqhafaza iphethwe yi- amaqembu ozinikele. La ma-computer kukhona okuthiwa amaseva. Abantu bayasazi Yiqiniso, nakuba nibabi, nikwazi tune futhi "lift" server yakho siqu. Kulabo entsha kule ibhizinisi, kudingeka wade ezingaphezu kweyodwa iforamu, ukuze ekugcineni ixazululwe. Iyodwa into esiqiniseka ngayo: ukulungisa eshibhile futhi iseva ezinzile, kumelwe ukhethe i-efanayo eshibhile futhi isisekelo esiqinile, okuyi-operating system okusekelwe-Linux. Kukhethwa iningi ewela CentOS 7. Le nto eqoqwe isifinyezo sokuthi ukufaka CentOS 7 futhi udale ku osekelwe kuyo iseva eziyisisekelo.

Kuyini CentOS?

CentOS - sokusabalalisa Linux, inzuzo enkulu ye okuyinto ukuzinza. Lolu hlelo, efana Fedora esincintisana abaseduze, lakhiwa e ikhodi yomthombo Red Hat Linux kukaMoya ikhokhwe. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, buyindlela ekahle abaphathi uhlelo abadinga nokubikezela, ukusebenza ozinzile futhi operation elula.

CentOS abakwazi ukuqhosha izinguqulo amaphakheji, ngokungafani kuya Fedora efanayo, kodwa zonke nomlawuli wesistimu iyona kuphela happy lapho Fedora noma omunye ukusatshalaliswa zanamuhla nge iphakethe ayo fresh "uwela" futhi CentOS izoqhubeka nokusebenza ngokuthula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngikuziphi izimo. Lokhu kwaziswa uchaza kafushane inqubo ukulungiswa nokusetha CentOS 7, izici eziyinhloko ohlelweni kanye imvelo ukusebenza.

Download CentOS 7

Ngaphambi kokufaka CentOS 7, kumele ukulanda ezisebenza uhlelo wokusabalalisa ku-website esemthethweni.

Kukhona ongakhetha eziningana ukuqalisa yilezi:

• ISO-ifayela ukubhalela disk - ekahle iningi oluphelele futhi isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza;
• ISO-ifayela ukufaka kusukela idrayivu kanzima USB stick - isethi ephelele iningi amaphakheji;
• ISO ukuze ukudedelwa ubuncane - iqukethe kuphela ohlelweni base yokusebenza neqoqo sakugcina amaphakheji futhi akukho GUI (kule nguqulo ukusatshalaliswa akunankinga ukuthi "lift" iseva ngaphandle kokufaka eziseceleni).

Phakathi ezimbili "bukhoma" disk image, ungathola amafayela ukuqalisa nge ezahlukene ideskithophu ezindaweni ezimbili (KDE futhi Gnome). Lezi zithombe efanelekayo kulabo abafuna ukuzama uhlelo ukufakwa kuya idrayivu kanzima.

Ukufaka CentOS 7

Ngisho noma ukhethe isithombe okungenani CentOS 7 izosebenzisa GUI ukufaka uhlelo kwi drive kanzima.

Le nqubo ithatha indawo 6 izinyathelo eziyisisekelo:

• usuku nesikhathi - kulesigaba, vele ukhethe zone isikhathi sakho, futhi isikhathi kuzokhokhelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• Ukusetha ulimi futhi isendlalelo sekhibhodi - kumelwe ukhethe enye ulimi oluyinhloko nokukodwa ozikhethela, futhi ucacise ezifanele isendlalelo sekhibhodi ngabo.
• ukufakwa Umthombo - kulesigaba awukwazi ukushintsha noma yini, khona-ke amafayela ukufakwa ezakususwa uhlelo yenethiwekhi.
• Software ukufaka - kulesigaba udinga ukukhetha iphakethe ubuncane, njengoba kudingeka akusebenzise kuseva ngaphandle desktop kanye isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza.
• Ukufakwa indawo - Kulesi sigaba khetha idrayivu kanzima okuyinto kuthanda ukufakwa, kanye yomdwebo.
• Izinhlelo ze-inthan - lapha udinga ukufaka idatha mayelana noxhumo le-inthanethi.

Ngemva ukwethulwa idatha uzodinga ukudala amaphrofayli umsebenzisi futhi ucacise iphasiwedi Umsuka. Ngemva ukufakwa kuqedile computer izoqalisa phansi bese ifuna ukusebenzisa uhlelo olusha lokusebenza.

Ukufaka CentOS 7 iseva

Lapha, inkulumo emfushane mayelana nendlela akusebenzise injongo iseva jikelele esekelwe CentOS 7 neqoqo sakugcina amathuluzi abalulekile adingekayo emsebenzini walo ezibalulekile.

Ngakho, okokuqala udinga ukuthola iseva uqobo. Ungakhetha ukuqasha kuwebhu (ruble 250), noma usethe emshinini wendawo. Into kuphela ukuthi liyadingeka - lokhu ssh idatha, ezizosetshenziswa ukuze ungene ku-server. Thatha isibonelo abstract root@centos.com ikheli le-imeyili kanye igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi c futhi centos.

Qala emi ukucushwa kwe ukudalwa komsebenzisi kanye nokuhanjiswa ke kuzo zonke izimvume adingekayo:

• Engeza umyalo umsebenzisi useradd centos;
• Dala iphasiwedi ehlukile ke - centos passwd;
• Ubangela ohlelweni ukuthumela impande-mail kulo msebenzisi - vi / njll / iziteketiso;
• Sinikeza umsebenzisi ilungelo sudo visudo umyalo (umugqa wemiyalo isiqinisekiso kunomsindo operation).

Okulandelayo, kumele ucacise igama impi. Kungenzeka ukwenza iqembu hostnamectl yokusetha lomethuleli server1.centos.net.

Ngemva udinga ukukhubaza firewall kanye SELinux. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ukuze engaqondile ongaphika bona amalungelo ukufinyelela iseva. Firewall kungaba sokumisa umsebenzi usebenzisa systemctl stop firewalld ithimba futhi systemctl vimbela firewalld. SELinux isimo kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane ngaphezulu: udinga ukuvula okuhambisanayo ifayela yokulungisa ku sombhalo Vi nomyalo vi / njll / SELinux / wokumisa, thola khona SELinux = umugqa amandla futhi esikhundleni SELinux = ekhubazekile. Khona-ke kudingeka uqale kabusha isistimu.

I esinyathelweni esilandelayo sokusetha iwukuba usethe ssh.

Ukuze wenze lokhu:

• Engeza izinkinobho ezifanele enyakatho ssh-ikhophi-id umyalo root@centos.com.
• Shintsha imbobo ifayela ukumisa / njll / ssh / sshd_config ku Port 222.
• Ukuvimbela emnyango kwiseva ngaphandle amalungelo Umsuka ngokubhala PermitRootLogin string ngaphandle iphasiwedi.
• Futhi kabusha iseva ithimba systemctl ukuqalisa phansi sshd.

Udinga ukubuyekeza zonke ohlelweni bese ufake ishede kanye epel rpmforge. Ukuze wenze lokhu:

• Vuselela zonke izakhi uhlelo yum buyekeza umyalo.
• Layisha uhlelo olusha izingxenye ayale yum -enablerepo = cr update.
• Uma izingxenye ekhona akwanele, ungalanda entsha ye izinguqulo epel rpmforge futhi, kule faka umyalo yum -y ukufaka * ikheli onalo ukuthi lugcine oyifunayo isofthiwe version * (Igumbi efanelekayo kalula itholakala ku imithombo efanele).

Ihlola amasevisi, Apache kanye PHP ukucushwa

Ukufaka izingxenye ezengeziwe luhlaka ekhona futhi iseva uzodinga uqhwishi amanye amasevisi kanye MTA-namasevisi.

Ukuze wenze lokhu:

• Qinisekisa ukuthi iyasebenza kakade, umyalo systemctl -t inkonzo.
• Khubaza konke engadingekile futhi iyakwenqabela kubo kusukela egijima, ezifana kokufaka neteliposi uzodinga ukukhubaza postfix imiyalo systemctl stop postfix futhi systemctl vimbela postfix.

Khona-ke udinga ukulanda Apache kanye PHP, ezidingekile ukusebenza evamile server yethu.

Ngakho-ke, lokhu:

• Faka iphakethe Apache umyalo yum -y ukufaka httpd.
• Yenza izinguquko ifayela ukumisa (lapho kufanele ucacise ikheli leseva, igama, kusayina, njll).
• Qala Apache futhi uvule autorun sici amaqembu systemctl uqale httpd futhi systemctl unike amandla httpd.
• Bese wengeza iqembu PHP -y le ukufaka yum ? Php? Php-ka mbstring? Php-eduze.
• Iqalisa phansi iqembu Apache systemctl ukuqalisa phansi httpd.

Ukufaka uhlelo MySql ngabaphathi semininingwane

Ngaphambi ufake MySql ku CentOS 7, kufanele sicacise ukuthi ngokusebenzisa Yum quality ejwayelekile ukuphathwa uhlelo izolanda inguqulo enye uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi MariaDB, ngakho endabeni CentOS kuyomelwe baye ngendlela ezungezayo.

Ukufaka MySql kufanele:

• Download MySql iklayenti kusukela ezikhulwini zikahulumeni kuya Igumbi Umbuso usebenzisa imiyalo wget * isixhumanisi kuya MySql * amafayela iklayenti.
• Khona-ke bawubeka umyalo sudo ngomzuzu -ivh * Igama eligcwele ifayela ngomzuzu nge inguqulo yohlelo MySql * futhi sudo yum ukufaka mysql-server.
• Khona-ke ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kabili, ngokushesha, uhlobo Y.

Ukufaka Zabbix uhlelo lokuqapha

Zabbix for ukufakwa on CentOS 7 udinga ukuthola inguqulo yakamuva ye-iklayenti esizeni esemthethweni lonjiniyela, bese ulufaka ohlelweni.

Ukuze wenze lokhu:

• Engeza ngomzuzu Repository Uvh ithimba * ngesixhumanisi ngomzuzu-ifayela ngenguqulo samanje Zabbix *.
• Vuselela uhlu etholakalayo isofthiwe yum buyekeza umyalo.
• Bese ukufaka Zabbix amaklayenti e umyalo yum ukufaka zabbix-ejenti.
• Ngemva izinsalela ukuqinisekisa version iklayenti (badinga wesithathu) bese uphendula ngoyebo zonke izicelo ngokufaka Y e umugqa wemiyalo.

Ukufaka Zimbra seva

Ngaphambi ufake Zimbra e CentOS 7, kubalulekile ukulungiselela ukuphela kwalesi simiso.

Ngakho, udinga ukwenza okulandelayo:

• Kahle usethe ifayela njll / Sebawoti futhi lomethuleli.
• Vumela iptables zonke izimbobo Zimbra.
• Vala SELinux.
• Khubaza konke MTA-service.
• Thuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza yum ukubuyekeza umyalo -y.
• Khona-ke udinga ukulanda amaphakheji ezifanele myalo yum ukufaka Perl Perl-core ntpl nmap sudo libidn GMP.
• Khona - kakhulu ithuluzi le wget umyalo Zimbra * esiya efayeleni ne Umbuso indawo Zimbra inguqulo yamanje *.
• Unzip ifayela itiyela umyalo bese uya lwemibhalo ezifanele ngokusebenzisa umyalo CD.
• Ngemva kwalokho kudingeka ukusebenzisa umyalo ukufakwa ./install.sh -platform-zohlelo.