Rukavishnikov UNikolai Nikolaevich, astronaut: Biography

Rukavishnikov UNikolai Nikolaevich - amabili nantathu Soviet Cosmonaut futhi ukuhlolwa unjiniyela we "Soyuz-10" futhi "Salyut". "Union-16" ukuthi ungunjiniyela indiza. Ilungu le Communist Party zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Wathola imiklomelo eminingi kahulumeni ngomsebenzi wabo. NN Rukavishnikov kuqala wenziwe lokubikezela mkhathi eziphuthumayo ngesandla.

umndeni

Rukavishnikov UNikolai Nikolaevich wazalwa nesishiyagalombili September 1932 emzini saseTomsk. Unina, Galina, ubesebenza njengomshayeli unjiniyela design ku ujantshi. Usingababa - ikhanda womsebenzi wokwakha. Lapho esekhulile, Nikolay washada Nina Vasilyevna, owaqala wasebenza njengoba unjiniyela omkhulu, wabe eseba wekhaya. Bathola indodana, uVladimir.

kumiswa

Ekuqaleni, uNicholas esikoleni Uzbek emzini Angra. Khona-ke waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-saseTomsk. Nakuba umama nobaba wasebenza Mongolia kusukela ngo-1947 kuya ku-1950. Ngaya esikoleni umngcele edolobheni Kehtaitse. Wathweswa iziqu esikoleni esiphakeme kakade eMoscow ngo-1951, wabe esengena inhlokodolobha ekolishi mechanical (manje Physical Ubunginiyela Institute) e-Faculty amadivayisi Computing Electrical kanye ezishintshayo. Wathweswa iziqu ngo-1957 nge-okukhethekile nobunjiniyela physics. Ngo-1980, wamela mqondo wakhe, waba wabaholi wesayensi lobuchwepheshe.

wayemthanda kakhulu geography, mathematics ne-physics. Ubaba Nicholas ephethwe ukugxilisa indodana yakhe nakanjani umuntu abe nothando radiodelu kusukela ingane isencane. UNikolai igcinwe ukuthi uzizwa ukuphila. Lesi sikhungo asithandayo imisebenzi yesayensi. Phakathi kwezinye izitshudeni Nicholas isehlane izimfanelo ezifana ilukuluku, ingqondo yonke into eziyibonayo, nokukhuthala ukucabangela omunye umuntu.

umsebenzi Experience

Kusukela ngo-1957 Rukavishnikov UNikolai Nikolaevich wasebenza CRI-58 unjiniyela. Wethula ekusebenzeni ikhompyutha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bekwi-design, ukuthuthukiswa, ukufakwa nokuhlolwa lokulawula izinhlelo, kuhlanganise ivikela lobuchwepheshe Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi.

Kusukela ngo-1957 wasebenza kwesigaba amabili nanye okb-1 wobunjiniyela. Uhlelo okuzenzakalelayo ukuphathwa esiteshini interplanetary, waba nengxenye ekudalweni zezitshalo indiza yokuhlola. Ngo-1960 NN Rukavishnikov ukhushuliwe unjiniyela abaphezulu. iqembu abagadiwe ukuthi akhiwa isikhala letigcogcwe ngaphambilini nohlelo lokuphatha. Ukuphathwa bathandile ikhwalithi ijubane lomsebenzi, ngakho Nicholas landa ngokushesha lafinyelela ngokusebenzisa le nkonzo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iyiphi nokuzitika akazange asebenzise kuphela ufinyelelwe yomshikashika wabo siqu.

Kusukela ngo-1962 kuya 1963. UNikolai wadala ugibelile ukulawula eziyinkimbinkimbi ezishintshayo for ngokucubungula ulwazi wathola, futhi ekwindla ka-1964 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile ikhanda leqembu ukuthuthukiswa.

Flight ukulungiselela

Ngo-1964 Rukavishnikov Nikolay Nikolayevich wayiswa ngihlolwa njengoba umfundi for the osomkhathi, kodwa enganikanga ukufinyelela Commission. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, futhi kwathi lapho umuntu edlula, lapho ngihlolwa, futhi ekugcineni ngamiswa njengephayona Cosmonaut test. Ngesikhathi esifanayo waba nengxenye ekudalweni kwazo isikhala izinto zokulawula. Sikhanyisiwe neqembu amadivayisi, izinhlelo ugibelile, njll, iqhaza ebunzimeni.

Ngo-1967, u-Nicholas yaba ilungu amabutho Cosmonaut futhi ngabelwa abahloli. Kuze 1970, bekatsatsa ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ukundiza emhlabeni Moon futhi lihlala kuwo. Ngonyaka ayisikhombisa kuqala wakhushulelwa ukuhlola Cosmonaut ekilasini lesithathu.

Kodwa yokuthi ukuqeqeshwa bekwenziwa engenamsebenzi: uma ukwehluleka rocket kwethulwa livelile, futhi engozini izimpilo zezinkanyezi ubuholi bahluleka. Izindiza uhlehlisiwe. Noma kunjalo, amalungiselelo indiza emkhathini baqhubeka, kuphela lesi sikhathi ukuze esiteshini esemkhathini "Salyut".

indiza sasekhaya

indiza Cosmonaut zayo zokuqala Rukavishnikov, ogama biography kuchazwa kulesi sihloko, uzibophezele ngo-Ephreli 1971 njengoba unjiniyela test "-Union-10." Ezweni kwaba okokuqala mkhathi iboshiwe ne sasemkhathini yaqedwa. Kodwa ngokuhoxa ephelele kuhlulekile ukwenza yobunzima we ngokuhlanganyela, ukuze ushintsho zezinkanyezi ukuba sasemkhathini, kulokhu akazange athathe indawo.

Eyesibili indiza UNikolai kwadingeka benze lamashumi amabili Julayi 1971, kodwa cishe inyanga ngaphambi kwalolo suku, wabulawa wonke iqembu "Soyuz-11", ngakho kusukwe abangu kukhanselwe okwesikhashana. Ngo-September ka lowo nyaka Rukavishnikov baba yiphini lenhloko yomnyango.

Eyesibili indiza

Eyesibili indiza saseTomsk Cosmonaut Rukavishnikov wenza ngo-December 1974 njengoba unjiniyela indiza abagibele "Soyuz-16". Ukundiza yayithatha izinsuku 5 amahora 22. 23 amaminithi. 35 sec. mkhathi umkhuzi waqokwa A. Fillipenko. I osomkhathi abhekana ngayo umsebenzi lolungenamaphutsa. Uhlelo ibalwa indiza ezimbili ukuhlolwa, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kwakudingekile ukuba okubili crew eyinhloko umkhumbi.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, "APAS" Uhlelo sidalwe (indiza yokuhlola), ngo kohlaka okuyinto wenza indiza yesibili. Ngo-1975 Rukavishnikov N. N. asitholayo ukulungiselela ezengeziwe indiza olandelayo, futhi okufanayo ngo-1977, kodwa yomnyango "Union 'umyali.

Ukundiza wesithathu

Ukundiza lwesithathu emkhathini Rukavishnikov wenza ngo-April 1979 isivele isikhundla kumkhuzi walo, futhi lokhu kwaba ngendiza yokuqala njengoba inhloko ongekho empini. Njengoba umkhumbi wawusondela sasemkhathini, kwakukhona isimo esiphuthumayo - angesabi uvale injini. Kuphela ngesiyalezo ezinhle UNikolai Nikolaevich nezisebenzi wasinda futhi wabuyela ngokuphila Earth. Isikhathi sokuqala uhlelo lokubikezela eziphuthumayo senziwa ngesandla.

Ukuphela izindiza

Esikhathini ayisishiyagalombili ngonyaka wesithathu Rukavishnikov - usomkhathi, ubelokhu isikhala kathathu, futhi baqala ukulungiselela indiza olandelayo, ngamiswa njengephayona sesisebenza Soviet-Indian kuqala. Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zempilo UNikolai Nikolaevich candidacy sinqatshiwe, futhi liye lasuswa kusukela belungiselela indiza. Ngo-1987, yena yaxoshwa inombolo zezinkanyezi ngenxa yokuthatha umhlalaphansi.

Rukavishnikov ngokuvamile ozongitshela emphakathini "Ulwazi", wayeyilungu ebhodi yayo kanye njalo ukusakaza ehola mayelana isikhala. Kuze umhlalaphansi wasebenza ngaphansi kwesokuba yiSekela. inhloko RKK "Amandla" kwaba kanyekanye njengoba umongameli we-Federation of Cosmonautics, kuqala eSoviet Union bese Russia.

Rukavishnikov njengomuntu

Njengoba UNikolai Nikolaevich ukukhumbula bonke ababemazi, wayengumuntu ezithakazelisa kakhulu, aphumayo, ethakazelisayo kakhulu futhi bejabule. Kungenxa yokuthi wayazi UNikolai Rukavishnikov kakhulu, kwaba Umxoxi emangalisayo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uphendule izicelo usizo, futhi abanye baze bayibiza ngokuthi saseTomsk Gagarin. I ngokudayisa-lesikhumbuzo kuye eyayibekwe phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe.

ukufa-astronaut sika

Nikolay Nikolaevich Rukavishnikov - usomkhathi owafa yinhliziyo kubangelwa edema yamaphaphu, nesishiyagalolunye Okthoba 2002 Lokhu kwaba umphumela kwetintfo ka-Alzheimer, esatholakala e-Cosmonaut. Rukavishnikov wangcwatshwa eMoscow Ostankino emathuneni.