Oxide arsenic: ukulungiselela kanye izakhiwo

Encwadini lwezakhi isici okufana, ezifana-arsenic, ke usesikhundleni ngesikhathi metal - nonmetal. Ngu umsebenzi wabo kuba phakathi hydrogen ne ithusi. isimo sokungakhethi kwesikhwama metallic esiboniswe yokuthi kuba liyakwazi ukusebenzisa ngezinga elithile namachibi -3 (Ash ₃ - arsine). Compounds nge isimo namachibi omuhle +3 babe izakhiwo amphoteric, futhi nezinga +5 sibonakalise impahla yayo ene-asidi. Kuyini i-arsenic oxide?

Oxides futhi hydroxides

I oxides elandelayo arsenic: Njengoba ₂ O ₃ futhi Njengoba ₂ O _5. Kukhona hydroxides ohambelana:

• Metamyshyakovistaya acid HAsO _2.
• Ortomyshyakovistaya acid H ₃ Aso _3.
• Metamyshyakovaya acid HAsO _3.
• Ortomyshyakovaya acid H ₃ Aso _4.
• Piromyshyakovaya acid H ₂ Njengoba ₄ O _7.

Kuyini i-arsenic trioxide?

oxide arsenic yakha ezimbili zazo Njengoba ₂ O ₃ has igama trioxide. Le into, elivame ukusetshenziswa ukwelashwa, kodwa akuyona chemical ayinangozi. Le ngxube wezinto okuyinto enkulu umthombo organoarsenicheskih compounds (compounds equkethe carbon isibopho c) kanye nabanye abaningi. Abaningi ukusetshenziswa Njengoba ₂ O ₃ impikiswano ngenxa yemvelo anobuthi timphawu. igama Trade lokhu kwakwakhe kuyinto Trisenox.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana trioxide

Ifomula amakhemikhali trioxide arsenic has ifomu elilandelayo Njengoba ₂ O _3. Isisindo yamangqamuzana kwakwakhe kuyinto 197,841 g / Mol. Ziningi izindlela ukuthola lolu oxide. Omunye wabo yokuwugazinga ka-ore sulphide. Ukusabela chemical simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

2As ₂ O ₃ + 9O ₂ → 2As ₂ O ₃ + 6SO ₂

Iningi oxides ingatholakala ovela eceleni processing yezinye imikhando. Arsenopyrite kuyinto okuphothula ezivamile negolide nethusi, futhi kukhipha i-arsenic trioxide, lapho kushiswa khona emoyeni. Lokhu kungaholela poisoning sina.

Isakhiwo trioxide arsenic

Arsenic trioxide has ifomula Njengoba ₄ O ₆ izigaba ketshezi kanye negesi (ngezansi 800 ° C). Kulezi zigaba, kuba isostructural nge fosforovym trioxide (P ₄ O _6). Nokho, at okushisa ngenhla 800 ° C Njengoba ₄ O ₆ eMpumalanga ukuze yamangqamuzana Njengoba ₂ O _3. Esigabeni lesi kuba isostructural nge diizotrona trioxide (N ₂ O _3). Enkulumweni yayo okuqinile, lokhu kwakwakhe libonisa polymorph ikhono (ikhono khona amafomu amabili noma ngaphezulu crystal nesakhiwo).

Properties of trioxide arsenic

Ezinye izakhiwo eziyisisekelo arsenic trioxide zimi kanje:

• trioxide izixazululo yakha asidi ngamanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi enkompolo amphoteric kuyinto oxide antimony.
• Kuyinto oncibilikayo ane-alikhali izixazululo futhi ukunika arsenate.
• trioxide arsenic has a solubility okusezingeni eliphezulu e hydrochloric acid (HCl), futhi ekugcineni ihlinzeka kanzulu-arsenic trichloride futhi acid.
• Inikeza pentoxide (Njengoba ₂ O ₅₎ ebukhoneni oxidants eqinile ezifana i-hydrogen peroxide, i-ozone futhi nitric acid.
• He is cishe zingaxazululeki ezihogelwayo.
• Kubonakala sengathi i-esiqinile white zisesimweni evamile ngokomzimba.
• It has a iphuzu ukuncibilika 312,2 ° C abilayo 465 ° C.
• Kwabantu le nto kuyinto 4.15 g / cm ^3.

Ukusetshenziswa trioxide arsenic kwezokwelapha

Lokhu kumakhemikhali isigaba ejenti antineoplastic, futhi isetshenziswa wokwelapha isifo somdlavuza. ubuthi be-arsenic Kuyaziwa. Nokho, trioxide arsenic a nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali izidakamizwa asetshenziselwa ukwelapha uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza iminyaka eminingi. Isixazululo ukusetshenziselwa lokhu kwelashwa ngokuthi isixazululo Fowler. Ngo-1878 godu Boston City Hospital libike ukuthi leli khambi kungase kuphumelele ukunciphisa isibalo leukocyte kubantu.

Ngenxa yalokho ₂ O ₃ wawutholakala ikakhulu esetshenziselwa ukwelapha wegazi, inqobo lize indawo ngemisebe. Kodwa ngemva 1930, kancane kancane ngasibuyisela kwayo ekwelapheni wegazi, inqobo nje kwakukhona nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali yesimanje. Lokhu oxide arsenic kubhekwa indlela engcono kakhulu ekwelapheni ezingamahlalakhona wegazi myelogenous. Ngisho nanamuhla lokhu izidakamizwa isetshenziswa ukwelapha uhlobo oluthile acute wegazi promyelocytic nge retinoid akuphumelelanga noma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali anthracycline. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwelapha ezingamahlalakhona wegazi myeloid, myeloma amaningi, acute wegazi myeloid, lymphoma, umdlavuza kohlelo lymph.

Ukusebenzisa trioxide

trioxide arsenic kabanzi lisetshenziswe womshini ingilazi kungekho nto enemibala emihle. Le ngxube futhi iwusizo electronics ukwakha Semiconductors futhi abanye Alloys. It is lisetshenziswe upende. Arsenic trioxide kungase kuphumelele ekwelapheni izimila ebuchosheni.

Esikhathini esidlule, lo izidakamizwa isetshenziswa amazinyo, kodwa ngoba kwakwakhe nobuthi obuyingozi kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa amazinyo yesimanje inqanyuliwe. oxide arsenic (Njengoba ₂ O Formula ₃₎ liyasetshenziswa njengendlela uyakulondoloza zibe yizinkuni, kodwa izinto ezifana ziyavalwa ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Lihambisana arsenic trioxide zethusi acetate unika sombala elikhanyayo oluhlaza.

into enobuthi kakhulu

Trioxide ngokwayo ezingeni lelisetulu ubuthi. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi sithathe izinyathelo ezidingekile ngaphambi ukuyisebenzisa. Kodwa, kungaba yingozi kakhulu kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Sakusihlwa. Uma Njengoba ₂ O _3, ngephutha singena ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, kufanele ngokushesha kudokotela. It is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba azame ukusiyenga ukuhlanza phambi nokufuna usizo lwezokwelashwa. Kuyadingeka ukuba asuse noma yimuphi izingubo Friend, suka uthayi wakhe, unbutton ukhololo, ibhande nokunye. D.
• Xhumana ne isikhumba. Endabeni ka ukuthintana nanoma imuphi ebusweni umzimba kufanele ngokushesha ukugeza endaweni ethintekile nge amanzi amaningi. izingubo enobuthi futhi izicathulo kumelwe kususwe ngokushesha, futhi kufanele wageza ngaphambi kabusha. Endabeni ka ezinzima isikhumba contact, kufanele ngokushesha ufune usizo lwabezokwelapha. Kungenzeka wusizo magciwane ngesigezo endaweni elinegciwane ngensipho ukhilimu isicelo elwa namagciwane.
• Kuchumana ngemehlo. Uma Njengoba ₂ O ₃ iza mbeni emehlweni, into yokuqala okufanele niyenze ukususa noma lens contact futhi iso ukugeza ngamanzi imizuzu engu-15. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amanzi abandayo. Parallel kule, umuntu has ukubiza i-ambulensi.
• Ephefumula. Abantu abaye wayihogela le gesi, kufanele ibekwe endaweni ehlukile nge umoya ohlanzekile. Futhi, kufanele ngokushesha ufune usizo lwabezokwelapha. Uma ecinene, umoya-mpilo kumele ngokushesha iqondiswa. Uma isisulu ayikwazi ukuphefumula bebodwa, udinga ukunikeza umuntu afakwe emishinini yokuphefumula.
• Le ngxube kungaba nomphumela ezinobuthi abantu. Endabeni ka ukungenisa imali ngokweqile arsenic trioxide, kungase ngisho nasekufeni. Ukugqoka izibuko zokuzivikela futhi amagilavu okufanele zisetshenziswe njalo lapho esebenza Njengoba ₂ O _3. Umsebenzi kufanele njalo kwenziwe endaweni kahle umoya.

side effects

Common side effects yalolu ketshezi zihlanganisa izimpawu ezifana:

• imnyama;
• ukuhlanza;
• isicanucanu;
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu,
• ukuqunjelwa;
• ikhanda;
• ukukhathala;
• isiyezi;
• umkhuhlane;
• ezinkingeni;
• ezingeni lelisetulu leukocyte;
• kashukela ephezulu;
• ukuqubuka kwesikhumba.

Ngaphansi ezivamile imiphumela emibi ibandakanya:

• nomlomo owomile;
• ukuphefumula lingahambisani;
• ubuhlungu besifuba;
• amazinga aphansi leucocytes;
• muscle and bone ubuhlungu;
• ukuvuvukala ubuso namehlo;
• isifo sohudo,
• eliqhaqhazelayo;
• ushukela wegazi ophansi;
• Okuphansi-mpilo amazinga egazini.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile of Njengoba ₂ O _3:

• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (okungaba ngisho nasekufeni);
• kwesisindo;
• yokufikelwa;
• lingekho enhle;
• ikhoma;
• isisu zingavuvukalanga;
• singagqunqi kwesikhumba.

Ezisongela ukuphila ukuchayeka trioxide arsenic - nzuzo isisindo, imfiva, nobunzima bokuphefumula, iphika, ubuhlungu besifuba, nokukhwehlela.

trioxide arsenic kuyinto into enobuthi kakhulu, okungaholela ngisho balahlekelwe ukuphila. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kube usizo emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Kufanele sithandaze njalo bathathe izinyathelo.

zamakhemikhali

trioxide arsenic kuyinto amphoteric oxides ephakeme i-arsenic ne izixazululo zayo aqueous kukhona wavuma ene-asidi. Ngakho, kalula encibilikayo izixazululo ane-alikhali ukuthola arsenates. Kuyinto kancane oncibilikayo acid, ngaphandle hydrochloric.

Kuphela oxidants eqinile ezifana i-ozone, i-hydrogen peroxide kanye nitric acid, walibumba is arsenic penta-nitrous ngezinga asidi 5 Njengoba ₂ O _5. Ngokuphathelene namachibi ukumelana, trioxide arsenic iyahluka kwenye phosphorus trioxide, okuyinto kalula zasha phosphorus pentoxide. Ukuncishiswa unika i-arsenic zokucathula noma arsine (Ash _3).

arsenic pentoxide

Chemical Formula pentoxide kuyinto Njengoba ₂ O _5. isisindo salo izinyo lomhlathi of 229.8402 g / Mol. Kuyinto ezimhlophe powder hygroscopic nge kwabantu of 4,32 g / cm ^3. Ukuma ifinyelela 315 ° C, lapho-ke iqala ukubola. Ingqikithi ine solubility ezinhle emanzini kanye notshwala. Arsenic oxide izakhiwo ukwenza kube kakhulu ezinobuthi futhi kuyingozi ngoba imvelo. Le ngxube wezinto okuyinto bungavami, kakhulu ezinobuthi futhi ke uthola isicelo commercial okunqunyelwe, ngokungafani ephakeme i-arsenic oxide (Njengoba ₂ O Formula _3).

Arsenic ngokuyinhloko njengoba ushevu futhi umdlavuza ezaziwayo. trioxide Ezazimzungezile - powder amanzi-encibilikayo, oveza isixazululo kungekho nto enemibala emihle, kunganambitheki futhi ayinaphunga. Kwakuyisikhathi indlela ethandwa ngokubulala Ephakathi. Ukusetshenziswa Its uyaqhubeka namuhla, kodwa izinjongo zokuthula futhi izinto eziningi ezincane.