"Omunye umkhaya - nengane eyodwa" - Ezombusazwe e China

China - kwelinye lamazwe esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lokhu ngokomlando. Imikhaya eminingi nezingane eziningi kuleli zwe. indawo China sika, nakuba ezinkulu, kodwa abantu kuso ngokweqile. Ngenxa yalokhu, iziphathimandla baye banquma kuthinte isimo sabantu, ngokukhipha isimemezelo "umndeni owodwa - nengane eyodwa".

Izici kwalesi simemezelo

Inqubomgomo yethulwa kuleli zwe 70s kwekhulu elidlule. It ihlobene yokuthi ngalesi sikhathi e China khona, babebaningi imindeni emikhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu umnotho phansi lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila. It waswela indawo axazulule imindeni emikhulu - zazingafuni anisuthi square metres ukuphila. Ngenxa yalokho, le mikhaya zidinga ukunakekelwa izinzuzo zabo isimo nokunye. Ngakho-ke, imindeni nge izozalelwa umntwana oyedwa kuphela enikeziwe okungcono okungaziphuca ngaleso sikhathi ukuba isimo. Futhi kulabo ngasizathu simbe izingane namanje azalwe, isigwebo zokhahlamba kusuka 4 kuya kwezingu-8, isilinganiso somholo wonyaka singaphansi yesifunda lapho umndeni owahlala khona. ngokoqobo Abazali ahlengwe izingane.

"Omunye umkhaya - nengane eyodwa" - Ezombusazwe e China - yayihloselwe ukunciphisa labantu ngo-2000 kubantu 1.2 billion. Ibe izinyathelo zokuphatha, iqhutshelwe phambili inzalo, isisu kwaduma. Kodwa kungani yeChina yayiphethwe ngakho ugcwale?

Isizinda esingokomlando ukuze izingane eziningi eChina

China idume lalinamaJuda amaningi njengoba isikhathi samurai. Basuke imatasa ethuthukiswayo, omkabo walandela ngayo ekuphileni komkhaya nasekusebenzelaneni enabantwana. Lolusiko ubelokhu baqhubeka ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili. Ngalesi sikhathi, iziphathimandla ngibona ukuthi abantu abaningi babulawa emhlabeni esimweni kwakudingekile ukuba ayinyuse ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, futhi wanikwa ukufakwa imindeni emikhulu. Ugqugquzele ukuzalwa kwezingane emndenini 3-4.

Lapho labantu laqala ukukhula ngokushesha, kuye kwazanywa ukunciphisa lezi zilinganiso, owethulwa imikhawulo ahlukahlukene imikhaya. Kodwa isilinganiso ngokwedlulele kunazo kwethonya isimo lokubala ubuningi babantu ezweni kwaba inqubomgomo "umndeni owodwa - nengane eyodwa" e China. Kwakuthinta yalugunyaza 1979.

Ikakhulukazi ikhumbula labantu eChina

Le nqubomgomo kakade ngaleso sikhathi kwadingeka izingibe yayo kanye nemiphumela ethile engathandeki. Konke ehlangene izici of inombolo ye-akhawunti sabantu kanye isilinganiso wobulili besifazane. EChina, akukho ukubhalisa lokuzalwa, futhi ukubhaliswa olwenziwa kuphela inani lokufa emkhayeni ngoba indoda eneminyaka engu-1. Le ndlela onganelisekile isicelo inani eliqondile labantu kuleli zwe, ngakho-ke ingaphezu izibalo.

Inqubomgomo ye "umndeni owodwa - nengane eyodwa" Khona manjalo ngagijimela nezinkinga ezingeni ubulili. Kuleli zwe, akukho sengqondo esinjalo ekufezeni ubulili besifazane, njengoba eYurophu. Abesifazane kukhona ephansi kakhulu kunalokho amadoda ngesimo kanye namalungelo. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi evela umndeni lokuqala, abazali wazama ngasese ukuze uthole imvume ngengane yesibili. Kwatholakala ukuthi iziphathimandla kufanele unqume ukuthi ubani ukuba babelethe futhi okwesibili, futhi obani ke akudingekile.

Njengoba izingane zihlobene umnotho wezwe?

Ngenxa yalokho yomgomo "omunye umkhaya - nengane eyodwa" Iziphathimandla kusadingeka abanye ezicini ezinhle. Isakhiwo yobudala abantu Chinese okushintshile, futhi washintsha imikhaya eminingana indlela uxhaso. Per ingane isimo uchitha imali eningi esingaphansi amathathu noma amahlanu. Ngenxa yalokho, i-acute kuba mbuzo yokwenyuka kwamaholo, kanjalo nokugcina amaholo aphansi ngaso okusezingeni eliphezulu labantu impilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane, ebugqilini kwesibopho unake izingane ezincane ezisetshenziswa ukuze bakwazi ukuya emsebenzini, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi nomthelela omuhle komnotho isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphathimandla azizange kufanele ucabange indlela ukuze ondle futhi nifundise abantwana bakwa yesibili futhi okwalandela ngemva kwabo.

Konke lokhu muhle, ngisho kwadingeka isikhathi ephelele izwe lapho izingane ezincane, ngisho kancane ubudala. Kodwa inqubomgomo "umndeni owodwa - nengane eyodwa" (China) has ngokuhamba kwesikhathi aboniswe futhi emuva yabo izinhlangothi. Saqala unezinkinga ezingenziwanga ngokushesha abalwa.

IsiShayina amadala okweqile

Lapho kwaba inkathi inombolo encane yabantu Chinese abadala, akekho owacabanga mayelana lokutawulandzela, futhi iziphathimandla basutha nomgomo "umndeni owodwa - nengane eyodwa". Izinkinga zaqala eduze ngonyaka 2010-th: labantu kusabalalise, abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka isibe oda sezingeni elikhulu. manje ngemva kwabo kudingeka ukuba banakekele, kodwa kwakungekho muntu ukukwenza. Umphakathi usebenza iyasebenza, futhi intsha akwanele.

Izwe futhi yayingawulungele Inqubomgomo yempesheni lapho isimo angenela khona ukuba okuqukethwe asebekhulile. Ngakho-ke, isiShayina abaningi baphoqeleka ukuba ngisho engu-70 edlule ukuba basebenze kanzima ukuze baziphilise.

Kube nenkinga of enesizungu abadala. Kube khona umthwalo okwengeziwe amasevisi womphakathi we dosmatrivaniyu laba bantu. Bekuba ngasuthi ndlininye ngezinye izikhathi kwakunebandla elilodwa kuphela, indoda ethile eyayizizwa ayisekho ukubhekana nokucindezeleka ngokomzimba.

Inkinga yezingane ubugovu ngokuqondene inqubomgomo iziphathimandla

Inqubomgomo isihibe wesibili ka "umndeni owodwa - nengane eyodwa" sekuyinkinga inkinga wokufundisa izingane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka ilungelo ukukhulisa ingane, amnike konke okudingayo, okuningi okungaphezu kokusinika konke lokhu ngoba eziyisikhombisa. Kodwa abaningi baye baqaphela ukuthi izingane ziye zaba uyigovu kakhulu. Ngisho kwadingeka isibonelo esinjalo, lapho umama wayekhulelwe ingane yesibili futhi intombazane yokuqala eyeve eshumini nambili ukubeka isimo sakhe noma unina kwenza kufaneleke ukukhipha isisu, intombazane ezibulala. Lokhu kwakubangelwa isifiso sobugovu sokufuna ezizithola kubazali konke ukunakwa futhi ungabelani nanoma ubani omunye.

Inkinga isisu abakhethayo

Sikhishwe isimo sengqondo abesifazane Chinese, kanye imikhawulo inani izingane ekhaya, akumangalisi ukuthi abazali ungathanda ukuba umfana. Kodwa ukuxoxa ngobulili akuyona predskazhesh, eziningi kangaka waqala ukufuna ithuba ukukhomba ukuthi kuyoba obani ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuqeda amantombazane engadingeki.

Kwakukhona amasevisi ngokungemthetho ukuqaliswa ultrasound ukunquma ocansini fetus, nakuba kunqatshelwe ngokomthetho. "Omunye umkhaya - nengane eyodwa" - Ezombusazwe e China - okwaholela izisu abakhethayo, okuye sekuyinsakavukela phakathi kwabesifazane Chinese.

Inkinga yokuthola abangane bomshado Chinese abasha

Ngenxa yalokho, ngemva umqedazwe lokuzalwa abafana kakhulu kwanciphisa inani amantombazane ezweni. Ekuqaleni, lokhu anibonanga inkinga. Okuningi kangcono ukuze ube umfana ekhaya, okuyinto ke baba umondli. Ezombusazwe, ngisho eminye imibuthano iye yashintsha igama layo: ". Omunye umkhaya - nengane eyodwa nge imfundo ephakeme" Abazali bayaziqhenya lona indodana yakhe imfundo esezingeni, njengoba bakwazi ukufundisa kwakhe.

Kodwa iminyaka ihamba, amantombazane ezweni sazikhohlwa, eziningi abafana, futhi kukhona enye inkinga - ukufuna abangane bomshado noma ambalwa. EChina, kule nhlabathi uye wanda ubungqingili. Izizathu zalokhu lingama iphiko ke okweqa labantu besilisa. Ezinye izibalo ezibonisa ukuthi abantu abasha abaqhuba bobulili obufanayo, ukulungele ukungena umshado wendabuko, uma kukhona kungenzeka enjalo. Okwamanje, inani labantu besilisa ubusa ngaphezu yabesifazane kakhulu ngendlela abantu abayizigidi ezingu-20.

Bathola izingane ngokuhlinzwa e-Hong Kong. komama okweqile

Ezombusazwe, ivumela ukuba namntwana angaphezu kweyodwa umndeni, inquma quota kokuzalwa umntwana. Ngakho-ke, abesifazane abaningi Chinese, abaye yanquma ku ingane yesibili, kwadingeka aye uzozala enye indawo - yafunda eHong Kong. Kukhona imithetho mancane elawula, futhi akekho noyedwa kubo owafaka iyiphi quota. Kodwa inkinga yaqala izwe elincane. Phela, inani abesifazane Chinese uphakeme, umthamo yakhelwe esibhedlela womama labantu kubhaliswe ngokusemthethweni we Hong Kong. Ngenxa yalokho, akukhona konke abesifazane bendawo bakwazi ukuba babelethe endaweni ukhululekile - ezibhedlela wayengalokothi izindawo ezanele. Iziphathimandla wawo womabili la mazwe waqala ukulwa no-"unina ezokuvakasha."

Ngokuzayo yezwe ngale nqubomgomo

inqubomgomo imfundo kuyinto eyodwa kuphela ingane e China kuye kwaholela ukuvela imfihlo omusha ngeholide - Usuku amawele. Ukuze umndeni kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso umcimbi omkhulu ukuzalwa kwamawele kuyisenzakalo esikhethekile, njengoba wabapha ilungelo ukukhulisa izingane zabo ezimbili. Ubungazizwa kanjani amandla noma ezama ukuvimba, kodwa ungeke uhambe ngokuphambene nemvelo. Lapho abazali bafunda ukuthi bazoba amawele, injabulo yabo Kwakuyintokozo yodwa - lokhu kuwukhulula inhlawulo ingane yesibili futhi umndeni liye landa ngamaphesenti kakhulu ngendlela ezimbili isimangaliso elincane. Izwe laqala ukuhlela imikhosi amawele kulokhu.

Kodwa lo mthetho awusebenzi ngamanani amancane ezincane kazwelonke, okuyinto musa idlule abantu abayizinkulungwane 100 labantu lonke China. Laba bantu futhi nenhlanhla - abanelungelo ukuba azale izingane eziningi njengoba ethanda.

Ngokuhlaziya zonke izinkinga nezihibe yokutholwa ekupheleni 70s kwekhulu lamashumi amabili umthetho ingane umkhaya ngamunye, iziphathimandla zaseChina ziye sebefike esiphethweni ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthambisa okubekwe ngayo yayo futhi ukunika amandla omphakathi ukuba athwale, hhayi nengane eyodwa kuphela. Ngenxa "umndeni owodwa - nengane eyodwa" - Ezombusazwe e China - kukhanselwe. Lokho kwenzeka ngo-October 2015.

ubuholi wezwe uye waphasisa umthetho yokuvumela imindeni ukuthi banezingane ezimbili. Ngokwalokho okubikezelwa yabo, lokhu kuyoyixazulula inkinga isisu abakhethayo, ngeke ukuphishekela abafana nomndeni, futhi abaningi abavuma sikhule okwengeziwe namantombazane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngeke kwaba nokwehla enjalo elibukhali sabantu abasha, futhi esikhundleni abazali ezimbili ubudala eze izingane ezimbili ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akubona bonke abesifazane Chinese ungaba izingane, kanti ezinye izohlala nengane eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, isimo lokubala ubuningi babantu ayishintshi kakhulu nge ukwamukelwa mthetho omusha.

"Omunye umkhaya - nengane eyodwa": inqubomgomo yokukhansela

Yiqiniso, zikhona amahemuhemu mayelana unya lwezikhulu iziphathimandla zaseChina maqondana okuzala. Mina ephefumula kancane kulula labantu kuleli zwe, lapho ekugcineni uyekwa kusukela ngomhlaka 1 Januwari 2016 inqubomgomo kokuzalwa komntwana umuntu oyedwa ekhaya. Kodwa njengoba lokhu wabizela? Okuhlezi emqondweni mayelana ingxenye zokuziphatha sabantu. Into wukuthi umthetho sisebenza iminyaka engu-35, kuye kwaba ephambene ngokunamandla izithakazelo nezomnotho kuleli zwe. Yingakho inqubomgomo "umndeni owodwa - nengane eyodwa" kukhanselwe. Yini eyenza leli lizwe, futhi abazali abasha?

Abanye bakhathazekile lokhu yokukhansela, njengoba bayavuma umcabango wokuthi ingane boom. Kodwa ukuze yesabe ushintsho abukhali isimo zendawo hhayi zinkulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi eminyakeni yamuva (kusukela 2013th) kakade aphethwe Inqubomgomo ubuhlungu - kuvunyelwe ukuba izingane ezimbili emikhayeni okungenani eyodwa abashadayo wakhulela emndenini. Ngakho, amaShayina kancane kancane enawulungiselelwa inqubomgomo yokukhansela.

Ukuze imikhaya abasha yokukhansela - a umoya oqabulayo. Phela, ezingeni zomthetho babengavunyelwe bakhuphule "ababusi kancane" - izingane zobugovu, futhi amalungu emibili egcwele olusebenza emphakathini, abangakwazi ukuhlala kuleli qembu.