Ngayiphi ngonyaka laliyinhloko-dolobha Kazakhstan Astana? Yini muzi wawuyinhloko-dolobha ngaphambi?

Modern Kazakhstan - savuka asemaqeleni lasendulo Akmola, lapho umuzi fabulous - Astana.

Ngayiphi ngonyaka Astana isibe inhloko-dolobha Kazakhstan? Futhi kungaziphi izizathu? Isizathu esiyinhloko itholakala lokuthi ukuthi dolobha isibe eziyinkinga ngokuya kwemvelo, kodwa futhi indawo yayo sezimiso - eningizimu yezwe.

Khumbula umlando kancane ukuthuthukiswa Kazakhstan.

I-dolobha Kazakhstan xv-XVII ngekhulu,

Lapho Astana yaba inhloko-dolobha Kazakhstan? Ngaphambi eqala ke, kuleli zwe kuye kwaba nezenzakalo eziningi ezingokomlando.

Kuyinto curious kakhulu ukuthi emlandweni Kazakhstan (kuhlanganise nesikhathi Kazakh Khanate) kwaba 9 dolobha. Yiqiniso, abanye babo babephakathi izihloko kuphela ngemva kweminyaka embalwa. Ngayinye imelela isenzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando esithile.

Ngowokuqala ngqa - edolobheni lasendulo Suzak (1465-1469). Ngemva kokufa Khan Abulhair dolobha yasuka. Manje Suzak - idolobhana elincane isifunda esiseningizimu.

City Sygnak futhi yake kwaba eyinhloko yezohwebo kanye izikebhe isikhungo phezu edumile nendlwana umzila. Manje emhlabeni isiphetho a asemaqeleni enkulu ezomile, igcwele ameva ezihlabayo futhi saxaul.

Okulandelayo inhloko-dolobha Turkestan (Iasi) - Isikhungo okungokomoya nezombangazwe abaseTurkey. Idolobha eliyinhloko ye Kazakh Khanate, ubengaphakathi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVI futhi kwaba kuze kube 1630s. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingxenye Kazakh Khanate kufakwe lonke ensimini Syrdarya esifundeni. Nanamuhla idolobha - maphakathi pilgrimage for Muslims.

Ngisho Tashkent (manje inhloko-dolobha Uzbekistan), won 1586 lo Kazakhs, ngo-1630 (cishe) yaba yokuhlala Kazakh Khanate, iminyaka ezingaba yikhulu.

Inhloko-dolobha XVIII-XX eminyaka

Umlando kwedolobha Semey (Semipalatinsk namuhla) kwaqala ngo '18 XVIII leminyaka. Kumila edolobheni ezihambisana negama Tsar uPetru mina, ngubani wakhipha isimemezelo mayelana nokuvikelwa ezweni lasempumalanga nasezweni kuqale ukwakhiwa izinqaba lempi Priirtyshskaya. (- XX leminyaka XIX) izingqondo zombusazwe Empire Russian Futhi, lo muzi wawubizwa Indawo adingiselwa ezaziwayo.

I inqaba wokuqala yasungulwa ngo Orenburg ngo-1735 (esizeni namuhla Orsk) - inqaba ngesikhathi GPL emfuleni. Umuzi yasungulwa ngo-1743. Yena njengoba inhlokodolobha Kazakhstan wahlala isikhathi eside e-sikhathi RSFSR.

Kusukela ngo-1925, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-2, kanye kwaba-dolobha yase-Ak-Mosque ku le Syr Darya River, bese-ke iqanjwe kabusha Kyzyl-Orda (inhlokodolobha obomvu).

Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka inhlokodolobha Kazakhstan - Almaty

Kusukela ngo-1929 kuya ku-1998, inhloko-dolobha ye-republic okwakuseduze layo umuzi Almaty. Ngesikhathi indawo yomuzi e X-XIV eminyaka kwakukhona zokuhlala Almaty. Ngemva kwalokho, ngo-1854, lapha ukuze ufunde Cossacks Russian. ukwakhiwa Emikhulu waqala ngo-1927, lapho idolobha wathola isimo yokuzimela yenhloko-dolobha. Futhi kuze kube namuhla luhlala esikhulu kwamasiko yezwe.

Huge traffic nomthwalo imigwaqo, labantu elikhulu (. 1.5 mln Abantu), izakhiwo obukhulu, okuyinto ungavumeli ukuba kuphinde kuthuthukiswe idolobha akuzona izimo ezikahle kakhulu emvelweni (omunye oyinkinga kakhulu ngokuya ngemvelo ezisemadolobheni) - konke lokhu kuye kwaholela ushintsho inhloko-dolobha Kazakhstan .

Ngayiphi ngonyaka laliyinhloko-dolobha Kazakhstan Astana? Umlando sokuthuthuka

Sekuyisikhathi eside olungenamkhawulo ezinkulu Akmola emaqeleni kwaba idume yokuthi banayo indawo lapho ezihlukahlukene impucuko ezihlangene namasiko. Mayelana kwezimo ezithile ngamazwe, tembusave netemnotfo ngo-1997, inhloko-dolobha republic sika okwakuseduze layo umuzi Akmola (manje Astana), isenkabeni edumile Kazakh asemaqeleni.

emaqeleni Endless Kazakhstan kulezi zindawo nazo maphakathi nezwekazi Eurasia. Buyisela dolobha ezihlongozwayo nguMengameli Nursultan Nazarbayev we Kazakhstan eNgophezukonke. A indima ekhethekile kungokwalabo zwe elikhulu khulula maphakathi izwe ekuchumeni nokuthuthukisa umuzi.

Umlando omude inhlokodolobha entsha futhi ahlukahlukene. Akmola yasungulwa ngo ngamuphi unyaka? Astana yaba inhloko-dolobha Kazakhstan, ngakwesokudla, ngoba ufanelwe ke. City enegama ubudala yasungulwa ngo-1830, ilungu Battle of Borodino (Cossack eliqaphile). Kakade ngasekupheleni kwalo inqaba ukhule futhi savela zibe kwelinye idolobha elikhulu.

Astana - idolobha elinegama elifanayo (ukuhumusha) "White ngilahlekile." Igama elithi "Akmola" e Kazakh sisho futhi ukuthi "White Tomb". Leli gama kwaba ngenxa elise amakhilomitha amabili ukusuka edolobheni igama elifanayo leli pheshana, okuyinto ku phezulu egqumeni limestone kuyinto ethuneni eshaywe wendawo.

Ngo-1998, Akmola lethiwe Astana. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yena - maphakathi nokuphila emphakathini, ezombusazwe nezamasiko yezwe.

Manje igama lalo muzi kusho - "Elakithi". Ngayiphi ngonyaka laliyinhloko-dolobha Kazakhstan Astana? Esanda kutholakala. Kodwa ngesikhathi esincane kangaka inhloko-dolobha Kazakhstan uye yaphenduka emangalisayo, idolobha elihle yesimanje. indawo sq 200. km. Astana minyaka isiba yesimanje futhi kukhanga.