Neo-Platonism - Iyini? Ifilosofi neo-Platonism

Neo-Platonism njengoba nefilosofi eladabuka zasendulo ngasekupheleni, wangena nefilosofi ephakathi, ifilosofi Yempucuko futhi bathonya izingqondo yefilosofi zonke emakhulwini eminyaka alandela.

nefilosofi oMdala okuthile

Uma thina elichaza Platonism Ngamafuphi, imvuselelo imibono kaPlato ngesikhathi ukwehla Roman (3 -. 6 cc). Esikhathini neo-Platonism imibono kaPlato kwashintsha kwaba siphethe ngokuthini ngemfundiso yokuthi zibangelwa amagesi (emisebeni emva) kulomhlaba Smart uMoya, ngikholelwa ekuqaleni konke.

Uma ukunikeza incazelo kangcono lasendulo Neo-Platonism - lena ingenye yezindawo wefilosofi Hellenic, kwavela njengoba izimfundiso eclectic of Plotinus no-Aristotle, kumaStoyiku izimfundiso Pythagoras, nezimfihlakalo Eastern, futhi ngesikhathi samaKristu okuqala.

Uma sikhuluma imiqondo esemqoka nesekelayo le imfundiso, le Neo-Platonism - lolu lwazi ezingaqondakali of Ophezukonke, kuba inguquko kancane kancane kusukela ngaphezulu ukuze isimo engezansi ndaba. Ekugcineni, Neo-Platonism - iyona wenkululeko yomuntu esebenzisa i-ecstasy kusukela ubunzima emhlabeni ezingokoqobo ekuphileni okungokomoya kwangempela.

Laba balandeli ovelele nefilosofi neo-kaPlato, umlando uthi Plotinus, Porphyry, Proclus futhi Iamblichus.

Amadamu njengoba umsunguli Neo-Platonism

Homeland Idamu - esifundazweni saseRoma, Egypt. Aqeqeshwa yizazi zefilosofi eziningana, indima enkulu lasungulwa kudlalwa ammonium Saccas, ayefunda nayo iminyaka eyishumi nanye.

ERoma, Plotinus ngokwakhe waba umsunguli esikoleni, okuyinto wahola iminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu. Idamu - nombhali 54 imisebenzi. A nethonya elikhulu umbono wakhe kwadingeka uPlato, kodwa kwaba kuncike amathonya nezinye izazi zefilosofi, ngesiGreki namaRoma, phakathi kwabo uSeneca no-Aristotle.

Idamu kohlelo emhlabeni

Ngokusho izimfundiso Plotinus, izwe yakhiwe e yokwehlayo esiqinile:

• Omunye (Good).
• Universal Ingqondo.
• Umhlaba-Soul.
• Matter.

Uma kucatshangwa ukuthi ezweni elilodwa, akazange zikholelwa ukuthi umkhathi nendawo yonke ezindaweni zayo kuyafana ngesilinganiso elinganayo. Wonderful World Soul luphakeme isilo esinonya ndaba, i-Universal Ingqondo luphakeme umphefumulo emhlabeni, futhi ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ubuhle kuwufanele One (okuhle), okuyinto imbangela ubuhle. Izinzuzo kakhulu efanayo Plotinus babekholelwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuthi kuyinto enhle, ukuthi ezichithekile ke, ngaphezu kwakho konke into ephakeme nje, le nkulumo ihlanganisa umhlaba wonke kungokwalabo uMoya ezihlakaniphile.

Single (isibusiso) - ibhizinisi ukuyo yonke indawo, it is esiboniswe Ingqondo, i-Spirit ne Matter. Omunye, njengenhlangano ezinhle ngokuphelele, ennobling lezi izinto. Ukungabi khona kwezindlela olulodwa ezinhle akukho.

Ukuzibophezela okubi womuntu kubangelwa okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuthi angabavikela kanjani ukukhuphuka izitebhisi eholela One (Ezinhle). Indlela eya elinikeziwe kuphela ngokusebenzisa Fusion ezingaqondakali nalo.

Ngenxa Good olulodwa ngokuphelele

Esikhathini ukubukwa kwedamu ku-oda ezweni elalibuswa yizindinganiso umbono wobunye. esikhulu Single phezu eziningi, ngokuyinhloko maqondana eziningi ongenakuwufinyelela eziningi. Ungakwazi umfuziselo phakathi edamini kuhanjiswa emhlabeni jikelele kanye ukuhleleka emphakathini okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma.

Kude eziningi uthola isimo Omunye. Lokhu ibanga kusuka emhlabeni ezihlakaniphile, ezingokomoya nezingokwenyama, kunesizathu yokumazi. Uma kaPlato "eyodwa - okuningi," kulandisa kokubili ovundlile, le Plotinus mpo asethwe umuntu ubuhlobo futhi (izinto phansi kunabaphostoli) amaningi. Single ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye, futhi ngenxa yalokho zingakwazi ukufunda ukuqonda Ingqondo ephansi, Soul kanye Matter.

Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke Ubunye ukungabi kuwo eziphikisanayo, uma liqhathaniswa kwadingeka kwezinhlelo ukunyakaza kanye nentuthuko. Unity aqede ubuhlobo kuncike-into, ukuzazi, isifiso, isikhathi. Omunye uyazi ngokwayo ngaphandle ulwazi, Lowo isebujameni injabulo ngokuphelele futhi ukuthula, futhi akazange abe efunekayo. Single akuyona ahlobene yesigaba isikhathi, ngoba umi phakade.

Plotinus ephatha efana Common Good Khanyisa. I kakhulu selokhu kwasekelwa umhlaba Lowo Plotinus evezwe emanation (eyahunyushwa isuselwa Latin - umongozima, umongozima). Kule nqubo, ngenkathi kuthululwa indalo, awusebenzi ulahlekelwe ubuqotho, hhayi kancane.

amalogo

Isizathu - into yokuqala ukuthi idalwe Omunye. Ukuze Ingqondo libhekene kaningi, okungukuthi, okuqukethwe imibono eminingi. Ingcondo ezimbili: kucishe kube njalo kokubili izinikele Omunye futhi asuka kuyo. Sivame kuLowo yena isebujameni ubunye, ne ibanga - ku kaningi isimo. Cognition ingqondo eyinqaba, kungaba noma into (okuhloswe ngaso into) futhi ngaphandle kwekutsatsa luhlangotsi (self-aqondiswe). Lokhu engqondweni futhi ukuhluka lowo. Nokho, uhlala kuze kube phakade, futhi lapho uyazi yena. Lokhu ukufana ne One Mind.

Ingqondo uhumusha imibono yakho futhi udale nabo ukuvumelanisa. Kusukela imibono abstract kakhulu (nenhlalakahle, ukuthula ukunyakaza), iya zonke ezinye izimfundiso. Imvelo nakuba of the Mind at idamu abaqukethwe ngokwako umbono kokubili longeke watibona netintfo longatibona. Ngokwesibonelo, umbono womuntu njengendlela mqondo futhi umbono wabathile ngabanye.

umphefumulo emhlabeni

Single ethulula ekukhanyeni kwakhe engqondweni, nokukhanya kwenziwe yini ukuzigcina egxile ngokuphelele yi-Mind. Kudlulwa Umqondo He iyaphafuza izinto futhi kudala Soul. Its imisuka ngokushesha mphefumulo kumelwe Mind. Single kuthatha endalweni yakhe iqhaza engesobala.

Esisogwini ezingeni leliphasi, kukhona umphefumulo umi phakade, kuba - imbangela isikhathi. Njengoba engqondweni, kuyinto ezimbili: it has a ukuzinikela ukuba ngicabangisise ngezinto nokuba sifulathele kuye. Lokhu kuphambene ezinkulu e umphefumulo kunemibandela lahlukaniswa Soul - high and low. High wasondela Soul ukuba Isizathu hhayi nabo ezweni ndaba ezimbi, njengoba kuqhathaniswa okuphansi Soul. Kutholwe phakathi emihlabeni emibili (suprasensual kanye nempahla yokusebenza), Soul ngaleyo ndlela ixhumanisa kubo.

Properties of the Soul - incorporeity futhi indivisibility. Umhlaba Soul yokuhlala yonke imiphefumulo ngabanye, okungenakuthiwa akekho ngaphandle kwabanye. Plotinus wagomela ngokuthi yimuphi umphefumulo uziphilela phambi ngokuqondene nomzimba.

ndaba

Kuvalwa sabaphathi lembulunga yonke elinezinto ezinhlobonhlobo Matter. Kukhanyiswa Single zilandelana isuka komunye into kwenye.

Ngokusho izimfundiso Plotinus, ndaba uhlala kuze kube phakade ngokuthi ungowaphakade futhi enobunye. Nokho, le ndaba kungukuqiniseka indalo, elingenalo self-isiqalo. Imvelo ziyangqubuzana ndaba ukuthi kudala olulodwa futhi silindelwe kuye. Matter - kuyinto Njengoba kwase kuqala ukuhwalala, embundwini ebumnyameni. Ekuqaleni kwawo-Njengoba kwase kuqala ukuhwalala futhi ukuza ebumnyameni uhlale umama. Uma Plotinus wakhuluma nangesinye UNgokhona saLowo ke, kusobala, kumelwe abe khona kuwo Matter. Elalimelene Umama Khanyisa kubonakala njengento embi. Lokho Matter ku Amadamu, exudes okubi. Kodwa uma kungukuphikisana izidakamizwa engaphansi kuphela, khona-ke akuyena okufanayo okubi okuhle (Good saLowo). Matter Evil - kuphela ngenxa yokuntuleka ezinhle, ngenxa yokungabi bikho saLowo Khanyisa.

Matter ziyashintsha, kodwa othola ushintsho, luhlala azizange zishintshe, awusebenzi wehlise futhi ngeke kufike.

Ukufuna Lowo

Plotinus wayekholelwa ukuthi Uzalo kwaLowo eziningi kubangela inqubo reverse, okungukuthi, abaningi bafisa anyukele ubunye ephelele, uzama ukunqoba esibaphethe futhi ithintane nge One (okuhle), ngoba isidingo kahle kokuba libhekene ngokuphelele wonke umuntu, kuhlanganise izinga abampofu ndaba.

wagxila ngamabomu Lowo (okuhle) nabantu abahlukene. Ngisho imvelo kuyinto ephansi, hhayi ukuphupha iyiphi ukunyukela, ngelinye ilanga bangase wake up, njengoba umphefumulo womuntu kuyinto nolimi kusukela Universal Soul, ehambisana ne-World Ingqondo ucezu yayo sublime. Ngisho noma isimo sengqondo lo ongelutho wukuthi ingxenye ephakeme ngaphezulu ingxenye yalo ephansi lwamanga luthuli, isizathu kungaba BUSA izifiso inkanuko abahahayo, okuyokwenza umuntu awile avuke.

Nokho, emqansweni yangempela kuLowo Plotinus kubhekwe isimo of ecstasy lapho umphefumulo njengoba ushiya umzimba bese uphinde okuhlanganisiwe ne-One. Le ndlela akuyona umcabango, futhi ezingaqondakali, osekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho. Futhi kuphela kulesi sifundazwe ephakeme ka edamini, omunye ongasukuma kuLowo.

Amalungu isifundiso Plotinus

Umfundi ka Plotinus Porphyry, ngentando yenkosi yakhe, wayala futhi ishicilelwe emibhalweni yakhe. Yena waziwa ifilosofi umhlaziyi usebenza Idamu.

Proclus emibhalweni yakhe yaba imicabango neo-Platonism zefilosofi odlule. Yena enamathiselwe kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphefumlelwa kwaphezulu, ucabangela ulwazi yayo ephakeme. Uthando, ukuhlakanipha, okholweni, exhunywe ne okubonakalisa unkulunkulu. A umnikelo omkhulu ukuthuthukiswa wefilosofi, ukwenze dialectic yakhe Cosmos.

Effect Proklos wakhomba ifilosofi ephakathi. Okusho Proklos nefilosofi kugcizelelwe AF Losev, ekhokha intela kwabase fineness yayo ukuhlaziywa okunengqondo.

Iamblichus yaseSiriya abaqeqeshiwe Porphyry futhi wasungula umSiriya esikoleni Neoplatonic. Njengezinye Platonists, wayehumusha imizamo yakhe izinganekwane lasendulo. Ukuze credit lakhe analysis and systematization we dialectic basezinganekwaneni, kanye nokumisa ekutadisheni uPlato. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunakekela kwakhe wayegxilile ohlangothini esisebenzayo wefilosofi, namasiko enkolo, umkhuba ezingaqondakali wokuxhumana imimoya.

Ithonya umcabango neo-kaPlato zefilosofi phezu nezikhathi okwalandela

Into kwenkathi edlule endala, ilahlekelwe ukuhlobana nesikhundla neziphathimandla yobuqaba nefilosofi lasendulo. Okuthile ingabe usekhona, kuyathakazelisa abalobi abangamaKristu. (Lahlangana eSt Augustine Aeropagite, Erigena et al.), It lingena singene nefilosofi Arab u-Avicenna, ihlangana monotheism wamaHindu.

Ekhulwini lesi-4. imibono neo-kaPlato isatjalaliswa ifilosofi WaseByzantium futhi lwahlolwa yobuKristu (Vasiliy Veliky, Grigoriy Nissky). Ngo ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi (14-15 cc.) Okuthile buba umthombo inkolo eyayinaso German (Meister Eckhart, Suso G. et al.).

Neo-Platonism Yenguquko usaqhubeka ekhonza ukuthuthukiswa wefilosofi. It emelela umqondo ka nangenkathi eyedlule eziyinkimbinkimbi: ukunakekela aesthetics, ubuhle umzimba yasendulo Neo-Platonism nokuqaphela engokomoya yomuntu ongabantu medieval neo-Platonism. Izimfundiso okuthile kuthinta zefilosofi ezifana N. waseCusa, T. Campanella, J. Bruno et al.

abameleli ahlonishwayo ukukhohliseka isiJalimane, 18th - emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka 19. (I-FV Schelling, Hegel) akakugwemanga ithonya imibono neo-kaPlato. I Kungashiwo okufanayo zefilosofi Russian 19 - ekuqaleni kwelama-20. VS Solovyov, SL Franke, S. Bulgakov, nabanye. I iminonjana Neo-Platonism ingatholakala nefilosofi yesimanje.

Okusho okuthile emlandweni nefilosofi

Neo-Platonism - Lokhu kudlulela ngale nefilosofi, njengoba nefilosofi kuyinto yalelozwe okunengqondo. Into izimfundiso okuthile kuyinto otherworldly, ukuphelela supramental, indlela lapho kungenzeka kuphela nokwesasa.

Okuthile ngefilosofi - kuyinto esivelele ifilosofi zasendulo bangaphambi yenkolo. idamu Single umemezela kolo monotheism futhi ubuqaba kwelanga.

Okuthile ngefilosofi - nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni umcabango zefilosofi zenkolo Ephakathi. Idamu imfundiso yokulwela Ilungile uhlelo imiqondo yezimfundiso zakhe ngemva rethinking atholakala endaweni yabo yenkolo yobuKristu entshonalanga nasempumalanga. amalungiselelo amaningi njengezisulu zakhe ngefilosofi neo-kaPlato zazidingeka ezazini zemfundiso yenkolo yobuKristu ukubhekana nenkinga systematization we imfundiso kunzima ubuKristu. Ngakho elamiswa ngalo kuyifilosofi yobuKristu ngokuthi patristic.