Mariinsky Palace, eSt Petersburg. Izikhangibavakashi Petersburg

Mariinsky Isigodlo Saint-Petersburg ingenye ezikhangayo enhle kakhulu yenhloko-dolobha enyakatho. Lesi sakhiwo yakhiwa kuleli isitayela bokwakha classical ngezibonakaliso eziningi ka Eclecticism. Mhlawumbe incazelo enjalo ovulekile we classicism kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi isigodlo yakhelwa Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, indodakazi Nicholas mina, owayehlala okwesikhashana nomyeni wakhe omusha - Duke Maksimilianom Leyhtenbergskim e Winter Palace. Umbusi sengathi laba abashadayo kwadingeka yokuhlala yabo.

Umlando Mariinsky Palace

Northern inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia iyisikhungo baqaphela empucukweni yomhlaba. Central Saint Petersburg wehlukile. Kulomuzi ziningi izakhiwo zenkolo, izigodlo kanye nezikhumbuzo. Ukwakhiwa kakhulu kubo kwenziwe ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Ingxenye eseningizimu Square St-Isaka, lapho namuhla itholakala Mariinsky Palace, Petersburg, u aluthola ku 1761 e impahla Ukubala Chernyshevym Ivanom Grigorevichem, ngubani okuhloswe bona bakhele phezu kwelwazi indawo enkulukazi endlini multi-storey. Ukwakhiwa waphathiswa umakhi French Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe, uprofesa, onguchwepheshe ebalulekile ekwakhiweni lwesigodlo izakhiwo. Siyabonga kuye, Petersburg izakhiwo ithole yobuciko ezifana Gostiny Dvor, le Yusupov Palace phezu Moika, i-Imperial Academy of Arts.

Entwasahlobo ka-1765, uLieutenant-General Bala Ivan Grigorevich Chernyshev nomkhaya wakhe bathuthela ezweni elisha elinezitezi ezintathu inxuluma. Zokunethezeka - ngakho kwakunokwenzeka elichaza esigodlweni eyenziwe ngemabula yaletha esuka Italy.

Ngo-December 1766, Bala Chernyshev inxuluma wavakashela Umbusikazi uCatherine II, ngawo okuphekiwe esihlalweni esikhethekile ngegama layo, ehlezi lapho Wayedlala amakhadi. In the ukungabikho nkosi esihlalweni esehlanganise velvet ingubo kuze ekuhambeleni okulandelayo.

Ngo-1839, Ukubala inxuluma ladilizwa futhi kwaqala umsebenzi wokwakha isakhiwo grand endaweni yayo, ethiwa yokudumisa senkosikazi ikusasa Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, futhi isabizwa igama Mariinsky.

Ukunqatshwa zemabula

Lesi sigodlo lakhiwa wezakhiwo AI Shtakenshnejdera, owayehola umsebenzi ngokuhambisana ubuchwepheshe bamuva. Umakhi wazama ukusebenzisa ngangokusemandleni materials sokhuni, ukunciphisa ingozi yomlilo. Ukweqa zazenziwe metal netshe Slabs. Nge umusa wezakhiwo zombusi wasitshiya zemabula, futhi zonke ngombala ingaphakathi wenziwe sandstone, lapho odongeni azigcina ukushisa isikhathi eside.

isakhiwo

olungaphambili lwesonto classical lwesigodlo aphakanyisiwe isakhiwo bendabuko ngesimo suite omude amakamelo, ukuxhumana nomunye, kodwa indawo langempela izakhiwo ngokuyisisekelo ezahlukene. ezitebhisini Grand zashintsha ekubeni olungaphambili lwesonto eyinhloko isikhungo kuze kufike ohlangothini lwesobunxele of the yokwamukela izivakashi. pomposity izinga kwehle, kodwa kwaba ukufudumala.

Esitezi lwesigodlo izakhiwo namasiko yesibili ziyahlonishwa. Amabili suite, elise perpendicularly aphambana ukwakha iHholo-Rotunda. Okulandelayo iyona Pompeian egumbini lokuphumula, eduze egumbini lokuphumula kanti Okusaqanda Okusaqanda yokudlela.

amakota

Duchess Maria Nikolaevna kwaqala nge Igumbi reception, kulandele ehhovisi. A string amakamelo aqhubeka lokulala, Boudoir, yokugezela kwelinye igumbi, ekhoneni, noma Okusaqanda. Iphiko kwesokudla kwaba kummango ekhethekile ukuya izitezi. Kwaba uchungechunge mnene olwehlelayo span, okungase ukuhamba noma ukugibela i-ikalishi encane. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi emaphaseji satjala izitshalo ezingavamile, ukudala isimo ezishisayo. Ukuhamba phezu esikhashana komgwaqo oya ezintabeni has imiphumela ezuzisayo phezu ithoni kwabakhileyo esigodlweni.

Amakamelo okulala awabange Leuchtenberg

Umyeni ka Maria Nikolaevna wahlala amakamelo ne amawindi ku Square St-Isaka. emakamelweni akhe uqale nge yokwamukela zemikhosi, eyathatha ikamelo Billiard, ikamelo lokuphumula futhi kukhona isifundo Turkish. Kukhona iqoqo olunzulu kwezikhali. Esitezi ukuze Maximilian kwaba yesonto ongakasetshenzwa ne amawindi namabala-glass. amafasitela angcolile nengilazi yaletha esuka edolobheni German Munich, iNkosana lenkaba.

Ukuphela ukwakhiwa

Ngemva Mariinsky Isigodlo Saint Petersburg, isakhiwa, yakhiwa Lalivulwe ukufinyelela komphakathi. Wonke umuntu bayibheke ngisho uvakashela ibandla endlini, elise elisophahleni lwendlu. Izivakashi ukukhuphuka izitebhisi kusuka endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi, kumpambuko uvuliwe uhhafu kuphela, futhi aphume ku kwakungekho ophahleni.

Izikhonzi nezikhonzi babehlala esitezi sesithathu e olunye uphiko esigodlweni, ayebizwa ngokuthi iSikhulu futhi Chamberlain. Libhekene iqiniso lokuthi zonke izakhiwo Mariinsky Palace kubika ngokukhululekile, kwaba ndawo ezindaweni kuvinjelwe noma amakamelo ngasese. Duchess Maria Nikolaevna ababethi yokuphila ongaphandle, wayengumhlali etholakalayo zokuxhumana, bafuna ukuba izikhonzi zakhe okufanayo.

UMbusi Ukufa

Ngo 1852, eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-35 waze wafa Maksimilian Leyhtenbergsky, kusale Maria Nikolaevna amadodana amabili - Eugene noGeorge, ubani ngemva komshado ixazululwe omkawo esempumalanga esigodlweni, lapho ahlala khona waze ukushona kukamama zabo, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, owashona ngo-1876. Ngesikhathi Mariinsky Isigodlo Saint Petersburg iye abadliwa izikweletu futhi izindlalifa kubhekwe kuphela isinqumo esifanele ukuthengisa umuzi wabazali bakhe. Nokho, abathengi ayitholakalanga, bese isakhiwo usufakwe irekhodi e umnyango engcebweni yenkosi.

Isikhungo se-wekuba sive Russian

Ngo-1884, i-St Petersburg Mariinsky Palace waba yomcebo yasebukhosini ukuze ruble eziyizigidi ezintathu futhi baba impahla isimo. Julayi 14, 1884, uMbusi u-Alexander III ngemvume isimemezelo, owawuthi esigodlweni kwathiwa indawo okusemthethweni imihlangano yoMkhandlu State. Futhi ngo-February 1885 e-Mariinsky Palace kwaku Council of Ministers amakomiti, uMbuso Chancellery kanye neHhovisi okubalulekile izicelo neNkosi.

ukungcweliswa

Februwari 11, 1885 Mariinsky Palace ezamenyezelwa maphakathi wekuba sive Russian. abapristi Yethula labetibambile isevisi ekhethekile nge umqhele isakhiwo ingaphakathi.

Lapho 1905 wasungula State Duma yandile uMkhandlu State. I Rotunda lwesigodlo ayisaxhunyanisiwe kuhlaliswe zonke abahlanganyeli. Ngaphansi inkantolo wathatha engadini ebusika, okuyinto ngokuphelele kabusha, futhi ngo-October 15, 1908, uMkhandlu State abesebenza imvelo entsha.

isikhathi esisha

I Februwari Revolution-1917 iminyaka, kuningi kangakanani osekushintshile kuleli zwe. Okokuqala kwakunengozi Yesikhashana Hulumende, ligcinwe Mariinsky Palace, futhi wasebenza kwaze kwaba Agasti. Khona-ke kukhona ikhomishini Zonke-Russia emakhethweni kuya ababamele LoMhlangano. Ngemva Okthoba Revolution ku Mariinsky Palace at amandla egcwele wathutha Wabantu Commissariat komhiaba Supreme Economic Council.

Uhambo Petersburg

Edolobheni ku iNeva iqukethe yobuciko eziningi izakhiwo, zasendulo nezanamuhla. Amasonto ababhishobhi ziphila ndawonye nezinkawu nezingwenya izakhiwo zomphakathi, kodwa isakhiwo ngasinye - kuba yingxenye yomlando. Northern dolobha ngokuvamile - kuyifa yamasiko eRussia, nhlanganisela Izimpumelelo nezobuciko izakhiwo. Kuyo grand izivakashi amasayithi ukuhlola ingxenye encane kubo kudingeka ngesonto angaphezu kwelilodwa. Ngakho-ke, hambo ihlelwe Petersburg, okuhlanganisa ukuvakashela esiphezulu nge isikhathi esincane. Isigcawu ngasinye zezivakashi ephelezelwa umhlahlandlela, futhi amabhasi ukhululekile asetshenziswa njengoba ezokuthutha.

Mariinsky Palace namuhla - kungcono futhi nakumasiko yeRussia, ukuhambela kwakhe likhona yonke imizila izivakashi. Ngezinsuku abavamile, ukhaphethi ingabonwa kusukela ngaphandle, kodwa ngezimpelasonto kuba ingaphakathi etholakalayo. Uhlelo ukuvakashelwa ezikhangayo zomlando leli dolobha futhi zihlanganisa Square St-Isaka, zonke Petersburg nge lesikhumbuzo kuPetru mina Nicholas mina, izigodlo, edume ehhotela "Angleterre". ezithakazelisayo Ikakhulukazi ukuvakashela Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba nge pilasters Malachite esiyingqayizivele, phansi ukuze ophahleni, esiyingqayizivele phansi KaMose, onobuhle emangalisayo olunembile yezakhiwo eyenziwe Linden serf Maksimom Salinym.

Ngemva kokuvakashela lombhishobhi, ungakwazi ukuya Mariinsky Palace, ogama kheli: Square St-Isaka, Isakhiwo 6.