Louvre isebenza: imidwebo, izithombe eziqoshiwe, nemidwebo

Nezwe odumile Louvre Museum edonsela izigidi zezivakashi minyaka yonke. Imisebenzi Louvre - it is kahle ihlanganiswe iqoqo elikuvumela ukulandelela wonke umlando yobuciko. Kukhona yobuciko elingenakuphikwa, okumele ukwazi uphinde ubone okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe, kwaba yilowo nalowo, bathi kwakheka.

Louvre isizinda

Agasti 10, 1793 okokuqala yakhoselisa omunye iminyuziyamu ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni - i-Louvre. Umqondo udala Museum umphakathi nge isibonisi imisebenzi yobuciko sekukhona emva French Revolution, lapho kwanqunywa ukubeka izinto eziyigugu lwasebukhosini isibonisi. Kusukela ngosuku inguquko uhulumeni kazwelonke waqala lithathe imisebenzi yobuciko kusuka basebukhosini kuphela, ngakho kwaba ukuqala iqoqo Museum. Ngeminyaka embalwa nje baqoqa inqwaba amagugu, zokuvuleleka yabo kwadingeka isakhiwo ivulekile, elaba enqabeni endala.

Louvre isakhiwo

Louvre imisebenzi edinga eningi isikhala, namehlo abahleli Museum waphendukela esigodlweni enkulu engenalutho phakathi Paris. Lesi sakhiwo linomlando omude. Inhliziyo Louvre lingumbhoshongo ezinkulu, elakhiwa ngo-1190. Yasungulelwa luyingxenye utilitarian - usuka endaweni ephakeme abangu elibukhali lokusondela amaViking. Ngo 1317, Charles Omkhulu Wesihlanu kwenza enqabeni wahlala kulo, lapha washukumisela yengcebo Paris. Phakathi neminyaka engu-wokusebenza basembhoshongweni esidala agugile sabhidlizwa, kulapho ukuthi enqabeni walahlekelwa umsebenzi walo ukuzivikela futhi waba yokuhlala wasebukhosini. Francis lokuqala ngo-1546 wanikeza umsebenzi Pierre Lescot. Kwaba umsebenzi kabusha enqabeni, okwenza kube esigodlweni real phambi kwakhe. UMklami ihlongoza ukwakha egcekeni sikwele, izinhlangothi ezintathu zazo ehlotshiswe ukuphumula zikanokusho kanti owesine - ukufinyelela evulekile eya edolobheni. Lapho umakhi zokuphila ephethwe ukuqedela ukwakhiwa kuphela iphiko entshonalanga, okuyinto namuhla ebizwa ngegama lakhe. iphrojekthi bakhe beza ekuphileni 1555 futhi waba isibonelo esivelele Renaissance izakhiwo. ngo-1594, uHenry IV wanquma ukuthi udinga ukuxhuma Louvre ukuba le Tuileries Palace. Eminyakeni 1655-1670 Lui Prevo ikhulisa Palace futhi kwanda ngokuphindwe kane. Lapho uLouis XIV olungaphambili lwesonto empumalanga senziwa emphemeni, ke edonsela eziningi abaklami European owaziwa, kodwa 1682, ulahlekelwa isithakazelo yephrojekthi ihamba yokuhlala e SaseVersailles. iminyaka abangaba yikhulu Louvre ezingenalutho, agugile, ngisho kukhona abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye ukubhidliza izakhiwo zalo. ULouis XV wazindla ukwakha Museum esigodlweni, umqondo wakhe waqalwa emva kwempi.

Ngaphansi Napoleon Lokuqala kabusha enyakatho olungaphambili lwesonto, futhi 1853 lonke Louvre eziyinkimbinkimbi yaqedwa. Ngo-1891 bakha isithombe isigodlo, okuyinto sibona namhlanje. I last ukuhlelwa kabusha ezinkulu yezakhiwo kwenzeka ngo-1989, lapho mbhoshongo ingilazi Yakhiwa egcekeni umakhi American Io Ming PEEM - isango layo elikhulu Museum.

Louvre amaqoqo: Umlando kanye nezimiso

Imisebenzi yokuqala Louvre baqala ukubuthana ngisho nalapho uLouis XIV, ngubani emoyeni kwesikhathi yakhe waqala ukudala art iqoqo. Ngesisekelo iqoqo liqukethe imidwebo ngabaculi isiNtaliyane, wathenga Francis kuqala. ULouis XIV wathenga iqoqo elikhulu imidwebo (200 imidwebo) e umnikazi Toads. Inkosi njalo ngifuna ithuba ugcwalise iqoqo yakhe. Wandisa yesikhwama Museum esizayo 2,500 imidwebo, wathola iziqephu ezahlukene zobuciko. Ngemva inguquko, iqoqo Museum uqala agcwaliswa kusukela impahla sithathiwe. I Louvre Museum is adluliselwe ku-wamakhophi ebaziwe. Phakathi ukunqoba kaNapoleon Louvre izimali ngenkuthalo agcwaliswa ngu Trophies, ngenxa abavubukuli kwa-Egypt naseMpumalanga. Futhi, ukuphathwa Museum, kanye esikhwameni salo, usebenza ku-Ukukhetha nokuthenga zobuciko. Iqoqo is ayakhekanga angesabi, ukukhethwa imisebenzi yobuciko kunqunywa inani, kuphela yobuciko uze Louvre. abaqoqi Abaningi abalulekile washiyela iqoqo yakhe Louvre. Ngakho, ngo-1936, i-Museum wathola iqoqo isipho ihluzo Baron Edmonda Rotshilda e inani ezingaphezu kuka-45 eziyinkulungwane ziphephile. Futhi ukunakekela okukhulu kunikezwa ekuhlangabezaneni art French kazwelonke. Namuhla, Louvre, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-400 imibukiso iqoqo siyaqhubeka zimiswe. Mayelana ukukhula izimali ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 iqala lokwabiwa kabusha asebenzayo imisebenzi yobuciko phakathi iminyuziyamu eFrance. Louvre elinganiselwe isikhova iqoqo usuku 1848, nokuningi imidwebo yamuva ahlakazekile ukuba amanye amaqoqo.

Namuhla iqoqo Museum is evamile ihlukaniswe yaba ngamaqembu: ubuciko eMpumalanga yasendulo, eGibhithe lasendulo, izwe lasendulo, ubuciko Islamic, imidwebo, umdvwebo, yobuciko neyezandla.

Art Yezwe Lasendulo

Iningi iqoqo Museum siqukethe izinto wakudala. Imisebenzi Louvre eMnyangweni wakudala emelelwa izifunda eziningana. Ingxenye enkulu iqoqo liqukethe izinto ezitholakala ngesikhathi kumbiwa e-Egypt, futhi kuyinto ungumuntu odume kaRamses II, ebaziwe 'Lihlezi ikati ", sphinxes, sarcophagi, zobumba, ubucwebe nokunye okuningi, kuhlanganise odongeni imidwebo, imifanekiso, izakhi ingaphakathi. Art saseMpumalanga sidilizwa iqoqo imisebenzi yobuciko namasiko yaseMesophothamiya, Iran, eMediterranean.

Ubuciko ebaziwe Antique

Ngesisekelo ukuqoqwa ebaziwe siqukethe yokufuna uLouis XIV. Namuhla eqoqweni Museum kukhona yobuciko kweqiniso, ezifana "Venera Milosskaya" - esiveza ukuthi budonsa izivakashi eziningi. Ngokuvamile kuba ukubona Kulokhu, izivakashi beze Louvre. Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile bezikhathi zasendulo iyona ebaziwe "Nika Samofrakiyskaya", okuyinto itholakala futhi yabuyiselwa Paris umvubukuli French Shampuazo. Kwenkathi yamaRoma imelelwa lenqwaba eziqoshiwe, bas-imifanekiso, ezinezikhoxe. Yard of ebaziwe zasendulo Louvre, engenisa ukukhanya kwelanga NGOPHAHLA ingilazi, okuvumela ukuba shí ezweni ngokuvumelana nokuphelela.

Legacy uLeonardo da Vinci

A ukukhangwa esikhethekile zezivakashi nabathandi bemidlalo art Umdwebo "Mona Lisa". Esikhathini Museum abaningi kuphela ukubona ukumamatheka kwakhe engaqondakali. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, lo Louvre inama eminye imisebenzi emine amakhosi ezinkulu. Ayikho zincane, kodwa kancane kancane eyaziwayo iwumsebenzi "Virgin we Rocks." Lo msebenzi yadalwa in the 80s yekhulu le-15, itholakala eqoqweni wasebukhosini 1625. It is zihlukaniswa enhle kakhulu kadokotela landscape ngemuva izinhlamvu, lapha umbhali uzama amathekhiniki okwathi kamuva ngokugcwele isicelo ngokubhala "Mona Lisa". "Virgin we Rocks" - lena inguqulo yokuqala umsebenzi ngale ndaba, version yesibili kule Museum yaseLondon. Futhi Louvre othambekele uyaziqhenya imisebenzi efana "Portrait ngentokazi," "Madonna and Child ne St Anna "futhi" ioann Krestitel. "

Ubuciko zabuna emhlabeni

Louvre - omunye iminyuziyamu kunabo bonke emhlabeni, nodumo, nenkazimulo, yebo, bakha ngobuciko esikalini kwamaplanethi. Lezi zihlanganisa ngokuyinhloko, "Mona Lisa" kaLeonardo da Vinci, kodwa futhi ungabona umsebenzi kwesidoda Teodora Zheriko "I Raft ka Medusa", imisebenzi eminingana Zhaka Davida, ngokukhethekile, "wokugcotshwa Napoleon". Ezingavamile umsebenzi I. Bosch sika "Umkhumbi of Fools 'futhi eliyigugu of iqoqo Museum. Louvre ungumnikazi elijabulisayo emidwebweni S. Botticelli, uRaphael Memling H., A. Dürer nabanye abaningi. Ngo uMnyango ebaziwe undoubted hits ezimbili imisebenzi by Michelangelo: 'Inceku Dying "futhi" Le nceku mbuso ".

art French

Iqoqo yobuciko kazwelonke Louvre omelele bonke nezikhathi kanye nezinhlobo lokusungula. Iqoqo yobuciko eziningi, le nkulumo ihlanganisa, isibonelo, Umdwebo Ezhena Delakrua, "Liberty ahole ama-Abantu." Linikeza ngokunembile isimo eyayivamile lizwe ngesikhathi salezi zinguquko. Waba wuphawu art entsha kanye Republic. art Plastic yezwe umelwe, kuhlanganise sibalo umsubathi ngesiGreki ngemabula. "Milo ka Croton ne ingonyama" - umsebenzi obalulekile yi umqophi French Pierre Puget e isitayela amakhosi asendulo. Sebenza imiva okuthusayo amandla semizwelo. "Milo ka Croton ingonyama" libonisa yesehlakalo zokuhlupheka kwabantu Amazing, amandla umqondo womsubathi nomoya wakhe.

ihluzo

Eqoqweni ecacile Louvre etholakalayo Bole 130 ayizinkulungwane ziphephile. Kuze la makamelo ngokuvamile musa sifinyelele izivakashi nazi Ongoti kweqiniso. Ngempela, eqoqweni Louvre izincwadi eziningi, imidwebo, kunyatheliswa abalobi best in the world. Kubandakanya imidwebo H. Rembrandt, Jean Chardin, Delacroix.

Ubuciko kanye nemisebenzi yezandla

A Ukuziqhenya esikhethekile Museum iqoqo yobuciko neyezandla. Tintfo umhlobiso, imihlobiso, izingubo, izinto kusukela esikhathini ehlukene ethulwa amakamelo amaningana Louvre. Eyokuqala yabakhanga Napoleon III amafulethi. Nasi nokunikela ephelele futhi umhlobiso kwehholo emicikilishweni isitayela Louis nane kanye Nesihlanu. Lapha ungabona ifenisha zikanokusho, izitsha, ikhaya umhlobiso. Kodwa futhi Museum ine izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zabantu izikhali kanye imihlobiso yawo Ukuvuselelwa wokubusa Napoleon Yokuqala. Sinesithakazelo esikhulu kuyinto ukuqoqwa izitsha, izinto zokuhlobisa nemihlobiso izikhathi Gothic, Baroque, isiNtaliyane nesiFulentshi Renaissance. iqoqo Ifenisha ngesikhathi Louvre ingenye ubhedu emhlabeni.

Yini ukubona

Ukuze ubone yonke ziphephile we Louvre, akwanele izinyanga ezimbalwa, futhi uma zihlolwe ngokucophelela, futhi iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa uma ungeke ziyiswe Museum njengoba isikhathi esiningi njengoba udinga ukuthi ucabange ngalokhu umzila bese uphendula umbuzo ukuthi awukwazi miss? Kube athuthukile uhambo Louvre, okuyinto uzobona into ebaluleke kakhulu. Izivakashi begijima ayinhloko Museum yobuciko ligcinwe amahholo lokuqala emnyango, futhi kukhona izimpawu ezikhethekile, hhayi ulahleke. Kodwa abanye imisebenzi azinake, ezibekwe izigaba ezifanele, ngakho Ezhena Delakrua mdwebo "Liberty Oholela naBantu", kuyinto ukuqoqwa art French. Ngakho udinga ukuthola indlela yabo phezu wesifunda Museum futhi uthole Igumbi kwesokudla. AmaSu ekhishwe emnyango mahhala ngezilimi eziningana, kuhlanganise Russian.

Ukuze ulahleke esikhaleni elikhulu ukubona into ebaluleke kakhulu, ungasebenzisa uhlu olukhethekile yobuciko ezinkulu, ezinye zazo yilezi: statue "Venera Milosskaya", into ebaziwe endala - "Nika Samofrakiyskaya" imidwebo "Grande Odalisque" kaJ Ingres nesithi "Lacemaker" J. Vermeer, uLeonardo da Vinci, esifanekisweni kaRamses II.