Kuyini isilinganiso anti-okulahlwa? Anti-ulahla izinyathelo eMthethweni 44 ka uMthetho Federal of the Russian Federation

Ukulwisana nokulahlwa kwempahla yomphakathi kuyinto entsha kuqhathaniswa, futhi, njengoba umkhuba wamanje, akubona bonke abahlanganyeli uyazi isikimu inkontileka kanjani isicelo amalungiselelo athile kwemithetho ethile. Ikakhulukazi, osomabhizinisi abaningi abazi ukuthi yini esilinganisweni anti-okulahlwa njengoba lisetshenziswe futhi kungaziphi izizathu.

Kuyini lokhu?

Ulahla ngemcondvo ezingokomnotho ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla ngamanani aphansi kakhulu ukuthi abangu eyayenziwe understated. An isilinganiso anti-okulahlwa zingasetshenziswa uma kwenzeka ukuthi segumbi kakhulu ngaphansana emakethe, kodwa akukho ukulungisiswa kwezomnotho. Kwezinye izimo, kweswela ezinjalo ibangelwa ukuthi izindleko zokugcina ngezansi izindleko isevisi ethile noma umkhiqizo.

Ngo amathenda zomphakathi kungenzeka isilinganiso anti-okulahlwa ingasetshenziswa uma kwenzeka ukuthi umphakeli ufuna ukungena emakethe izidingo kwempahla kuleli zwe futhi wokukhipha izimbangi zayo esebenzisa yokungathembeki. Ikakhulukazi, isetshenziswa uma kwenzeka ukuthi ekuphetheni inkontileka nomphakeli kuba kakhulu kwehlisa intengo ngokuthatha iqhaza ithenda.

Inkinga ulahla kwelulwe kakhulu ngesikhathi amathenda evulekile in format electronic. Abanikezeli kuzo zonke izifunda laseRussia lathola ithuba iqhaza endalini, ngakho baqala ukunikela amanani ngezansi-emakethe. Ngezinye izikhathi kwakukhona izimo lapho amalungu NMC lancipha kuqanda, bese baba nomhlangano thandanani ekunyuseni amanani.

Kungani abakudingayo?

An isilinganiso anti-okulahlwa isetshenziselwa isizathu ukuthi imiphumela eyayenziwe ukwehlisa amanani kungaba zazinzima kakhulu, okuyilezi:

• ngu kwenta tinhlaka nezibopho zenkontileka ekugcineni awenziwanga. Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi ngemva ukunciphisa engenabulungisa we NMC kanye nokubhalwa abahlinzeki inkontileka athoma ukulemuka bona abakwazi ukunikeza amasevisi noma ukunikezela izimpahla ekuqaleni ezihlongozwayo izindleko.
• Ukubulawa nganoma imiphi imisebenzi, supply kwezimpahla noma amasevisi ayifani izinga. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko ibhekisela yokuhweba izimpahla ukudla okuhlukahlukene, ngemva kwalokho abawinile emncintiswaneni baqala ukunikeza izimpahla imisiwe noma enephutha ngenjongo eyodwa - ukuhlangabezana nezindleko ezihlongozwayo.
• Isivumelwano ngeke ivalwe enkantolo.
• Une ukuchitha isikhathi ukuqhuba kabusha ithenda.

Ukwethulwa izinguquko umtsetfo lokhona emkhakheni amathenda kamasipala kanye nesimo yakhelwe ukuxazulula le nkinga. Ikakhulukazi, anti-okulahlwa of 44-FL kwangena ezisetshenziswa ngesikhathi imincintiswano ahlukahlukene indali. Leli lungiselelo livikeleke sihloko 37 yomthetho samanje uhlelo inkontileka. izinyathelo Anti-okulahlwa ku 44-FZ ayikwazi lisetshenziswe kwempahla ngezinye izindlela, futhi kulokhu, nomthengisi unelungelo ukubhala isikhalazo ukwenza kanjalo yikhasimende.

Yiziphi?

Uma NMC yesivumelwano kuyinto ruble engaphansi kwezigidi ezingu-15, kodwa ezikhulu inikeza intengo, okuyinto ingaphansi kwe-ezamenyezelwa abangaphezu kuka-25%, lapho kwenzeka ayakuphuma ukuphoqelelwa inkontileka, okufanele izikhathi eyodwa nengxenye ubukhulu kuboniswe embhalweni, noma ukuveza ulwazi ezingase uqinisekise ubuqotho bayo.

Uma NMC idlula leli nani, umhlanganyeli inikeza izindleko ngaphezu kuka-25% ngaphansana amangalelwe ke, njengoba kushiwo uMthetho Federal 44-FZ, kulesi simo, akukho lwazi mayelana ukholo lwayo ezinhle kungadingeki, futhi ngeke kube kunoma isiphi isimo ukunikeza ukuphepha.

Hlobo luni lolwazi?

Kaningana, Umhlangano abakwazi ukunikeza ukuphepha, ngokuqondene okuyinto umthetho inikeza ithuba ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho. Imininingwane enjalo ingase ihlanganise ulwazi ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa iqoqo izivumelwano, kanye eqinisekisa ukuthi inkampani uyazigcwalisa izibopho zayo ngaphansi izinkontileka. Ikakhulu, i-Federal Law 44-FZ sihlinzekela kungenzeka yokunikeza ulwazi olulandelayo:

• Phakathi neminyaka engu-ngaphambi kosuku kwesicelo ngokubamba iqhaza ithenda le nkampani yenza izivumelwano ezintathu noma ngaphezulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwenziwa ngaphandle ukubhalisa kwanoma iyiphi nezinhlawulo eziphathelene umhlanganyeli.
• Uma umhlinzeki alamukeli ngaphambi ukuthengwa kamasipala noma umphakathi phakathi nonyaka ngaphambi kosuku nokufakwa, linganikeza noma yiluphi ulwazi ezingase uqinisekise ukusebenza nezibopho zayo ku ezine noma ngaphezulu izinkontileka iminyaka emibili, kodwa okuningi 75% wabo ukuze abulawe ngaphandle kokuba ngaphansi izinhlawulo kanye inhlawulo.
• Eminyakeni emithathu esandulele nokufakwa nomdayisi wohlelo uma wenziwa izinkontileka ezintathu noma ngaphezulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo akunjalo ufake isicelo inhlawulo noma izinhlawulo.

Into kuphela uzinake - ezimweni ezinjalo, ukubaluleka inkontileka ngalinye kumele libe okungenani u-20% kusukela ukuthi zazo umphakeli uhlongoza isivumelwano. Ngokwesibonelo, uma inkontileka kuphothulwe ngentengo ruble ayizigidi ezingu-100, bese kuba umhlanganyeli kumele anikezwe ulwazi mayelana ukuthi esikhathini esedlule, wenza inani elithile izinkontileka, futhi okungenani oyedwa wabo kwadingeka ukubaluleka ezingekho ngaphansi kwezigidi ezingu-20.

Kodwa, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, uma NMC kuyinto ruble ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-15, futhi ngesikhathi iqembu efanayo umema izindleko inkontileka 25% ngaphansana amangalelwe, ulahlekelwa amandla okusebenzisa okunye ngesimo isiqinisekiso ukholo lwayo ezinhle noma iyiphi idatha, futhi noma kunjalo kudingeka babe ukuhlinzekela ukuphoqelelwa anda izibopho zayo.

Indlela esinike lokhu kwaziswa?

IKhomishana waziphatha wokuthenga, angase abalahle yisiphi isicelo uma ulwazi uzobe nilenze. Isinqumo ukuba wenqabe noma iyiphi izicelo ngempela kumaminithi omhlangano, izizathu ethize ke ulwazi sidluliselwe ukuthengwa umhlanganyeli azithoba isicelo for lungene usuku olulodwa zokusebenza ezilandela usuku ukusayinwa olandelwayo.

Uma umbambiqhaza ekulungiseleleni ibhidi ithenda akuyona waveza yiluphi ulwazi ezingase uqinisekise ubuqotho bayo, abese umdwebo up yesivumelwano naye kuphela ngemva yokuphepha enikezwe. Namuhla, lezi zinyathelo anti-okulahlwa ku Customs Union asetshenziswa cishe zonke izinketho kwempahla.

amakhasimende Abaningi abazi ukuthi udinga i-ukubhalisa kumadokhumenti endalini, ukuthi uma umhlinzeki efuna ukwehlisa izindleko yesivumelwano ngaphezu kuka-25%, ayinikele ke duty ukunikeza Ukulungisiswa intengo. Eqinisweni, umphakeli, lesi sibopho ibekwa kunoma isiphi isimo ngokuhambisana nomthetho osebenzayo, futhi uma ikhasimende akusho waze washo zonke izidingo ezifanele kumadokhumenti thandanani kulungile ukuthi zifune substantiation futhi ekubalweni kwaleli nani. Ingase futhi zidinga amaphepha adingekayo, noma ukwenqaba ukubhalisa kwanoma iyiphi inhlangano uma kwenzeka ukungabikho yabo. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ukugwema noma iyiphi impikiswano, kungcono ukuba anakekele zonke kusengaphambili futhi eshiwo kumadokhumenti yesimo futhi amacala izifundo.

mncintiswano

Uma inkampani uya iqhaza mncintiswano, kuleso simo Kuyakuthi ukunikeza lonke ulwazi olufanele enqubeni wokubhala isicelo. Ngo umkhuba, kubukeka sengathi ukuthi umhlinzeki emva ukujwayelaniswa nazo zonke Imibhalo yethenda kanye ukubala ukuthi inganikeza izindleko engezansi sokuqala, isibonelo, u-30% kumele kube ingxenye ibhidi ithenda ukunikeza imibhalo ethile ukuthi ingabe ukuqinisekisa ukholo lwakhe ezinhle, ngokuhambisana nge uhlu evunyiwe emva kusungulwa izinyathelo anti-okulahlwa senziwa ke.

Ukuthola isicelo, ikhasimende kufanele uqinisekise ukunemba ulwazi bacabange abahlanganyeli Fide kumbhalisi izinkontileka, ukuthi, bheka:

• khona izinkontileka ezithile;
• ukuhambisana izindleko kunani elicacisiwe;
• ukungabi khona noma yiziphi izinhlawulo, izinhlawulo kanye nezinye izinkokhelo babelwe ngenxa ukubulawa engafanele izibopho ngaphansi kumiswa izinkontileka.

endalini

Endabeni iqhaza inkampani endalini kumele kunike bufakazi bekutsi ukholo zalo ezinhle, bebheke ikhasimende ukuba basayine inkontileka okusalungiswa.

Ukusetshenziswa izinyathelo ezikhethekile anti-okulahlwa inikeza ukuphoqelela inkontileka ezikhishwe umuntu okukuye isivumelwano, waze waphela. Uma umphakeli ehluleka ukufeza le mfuneko, silotshwe njengoba noma ukuchema kuzo kusukela nokubhalwa inkontileka, ngemva kwalokho ukuphambuka senziwa umthetho olandelwayo olusemthethweni, ibekwe endaweni eyodwa ulwazi uhlelo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma ulwazi olunikezwa umhlanganyeli, uKhomishane uyakuqaphela zamanga, kuleso simo ngeke asayine isivumelwano, futhi, futhi, liye alizange ezilandelwayo inkontileka. Kulesi simo, isinqumo sekomiti ku ithenda, kumelwe futhi ngempela abulawe protocol efanele, ibekwe endaweni eyodwa ulwazi uhlelo waziletha ukunakwa ngamunye owayekhona lungakapheli usuku olulodwa ukusebenza ezilandela usuku ukusayinwa olandelwayo.

Izici isicelo

Ngokuhambisana Art. 37, izinyathelo anti-okulahlwa zisetshenziswa ngendlela ethize enqubeni yokufeza izinto ezinhlelweni zokuthenga ekhethekile. Ikakhulukazi, le nkulumo ihlanganisa inhlangano imincintiswano ehlukahlukene lapho abaculi bathola ucwaningo nentuthuko, ucwaningo zobuchwepheshe noma okuqukethwe kwesayensi, kanye nokunikeza kokuthintana ehlukahlukene.

Lapho efeza imisebenzi enjalo ikhasimende unelungelo ucacise e imibhalo thandanani amagugu ahlukahlukene kwendlela zokusebenza ekuhloleni, uma ilungu ufuna kusebenza izindleko, okuyinto ingaphansi kwe-kushiwo 25%.

Uma ukubaluleka ibhidi ngezansi mayelana NMC inkontileka abangaphezu kuka-25%, bese ukusetshenziswa anti-ulahla wenziwa kanje: ukubaluleka ukubaluleka kwalokhu umbandela isethwe elilingana 10% wezindleko yazo zonke lezi zindlela kokuhlaziywa lokuhambisana.

Uma oyinhloko nodaba inkontileka, ukuze kube isiphelo sesimiso lapho ithenda yomphakathi noma endalini, awumthombo nanoma yiziphi izimpahla ezidingekayo ukuze evamile yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe, khona-ke inhlangano ukunikela ukubaluleka inkontileka engaphezu kuka-25% ngaphansana original, ukunikeza ikhasimende lokulungisiswa ezifana amanani. Anti-elahla futhi countervailing izinyathelo kuleli cala, asiza kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi zenza imisebenzi yazo amalungu "ehlungiwe" executors abonakele, njengoba kubalulekile ukuhlinzekela wokufaka isicelo esinjalo:

• incwadi isiqinisekiso kamakhi, okuzokwenza ucacise value ngqo kanye nobungako kwemikhiqizo enikeziwe;
• imiqulu uqinisekise ukuthi esincintisana ungaphakathi isitokwe ukuthenga wathi lezimpahla;
• Imibhalo Okunye futhi izibalo, okuyinto wakwazi ukukhonza njengephayona isiqinisekiso kungenzeka ukuthenga party ukuqinisekisa supply kwezimpahla ngentengo ahlinzekwa.

Izici izinhlobo abathengisa

Ukuthatha iqhaza emncintiswaneni, umfakisicelo kumele ahlinzeke njengengxenye ibhidi yayo nomqondo iqhaza kuwo.

Uma ikhomishini izinto ezinhlelweni zokuthenga enqubeni ahlukahlukeneko wokuhlola.Ngokusetjenziswa isicelo ibona ukuthi lokhu mbhalo kuyadingeka, kodwa singanikezwanga, isicelo zinganqatshelwa. isinqumo seKhomishini kulokhu, indinganiso kufanele kuqoshwe emaminithini ukuhlolwa kanye nokucutshungulwa kwezicelo iqhaza endalini, noma ukucabangela isicelo esisodwa.

Lapho-auction unikezwa incwadi isiqinisekiso noma iqoqo imibhalo okufakazela khona umkhiqizo othile. Konke lokhu imibhalo kufanele inikezwe ikhasimende bebheke iphrojekthi asesayine izinkontileka. Uma umbambiqhaza ehluleka ukuhambisana nalezi zimfuneko, okungukuthi, akusho ukuthumela iphakethe kwesokudla amaphepha, ke izinyathelo anti-okulahlwa asebenza kusona ngokuhambisana nomthetho 44-FZ. It ngaleyo ndlela iye alizange ezilandelwayo inkontileka.

Indaba eyimpumelelo

Abashadikazi abazowina, kuzolalelwa anqikaze ezilandelwayo inkontileka, ukuze ikhasimende wamthembisa ukuphetha ngokuthi umhlanganyeli isicelo sakhe iwine endaweni yesibili, futhi wavuma, kodwa izindleko zakhe ezihlongozwayo kwaba 25% ephansi uma ziqhathaniswa eyodwa kokuqala. Ngakho, leli qembu kumele usetshenziswe izinyathelo ezifanele, okungukuthi, kufanele udwebe ukuvikeleka okungeziwe noma ukunikeza ulwazi ezingase bafakazela ukholo njengentando yakhe enhle.

Lezi party izidingo engalandelanga, ukuze igunya mncintiswano ayifakile inkampani encwadini okubhalwa kuyo abahlinzeki ngokungafanele.

Ngemva isikhalo ngesinqumo seNkantolo Arbitration yomzimba antimonopoly kwaba njengoba yayinjalo. Uma umbambiqhaza, eyathatha isikhundla yesibili emncintiswaneni, ivumile bangena esivumelwaneni, kubhekwa winner, kodwa uma akagcwalisi nezidingo Article 37 yomthetho efanele, lokhu winner uye alizange inkontileka.

Lapho ngeke bakwazi ukwenza isicelo?

Kusukela Juni 2014, ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje, kunezimo eziningana lapho ekhethekile zokuzivikela antidumping futhi countervailing izinyathelo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-Ezimweni ezinjalo, lapho:

• Kwenziwe ukuthengwa kwemithi kufakwe pre-kugunyazwe uhulumeni we Russian Federation uhlu izidakamizwa ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi kubalulekile.
• ukuthenga party ngawo isiphelo sesimiso inkontileka Kwenziwa, inikeza izindleko izidakamizwa uthenge, ekunciphiseni ngaphezu kuka-25% ke uma kuqhathaniswa ne eqoshiwe esiphezulu intengo zabo ethengisa isungulwe ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje eziphathelene nemithi yokwelapha.

Ngakho, isivumelwano izinyathelo anti-okulahlwa ungahlinzekela ukususwa kwabo ezisuka uma uligcwalisa nezidingo ngenhla.