Kudivayisi Amanzi namadreni

Qualitative ngcono egcekeni lomuzi yangasese noma endaweni suburban akunakwenzeka ngaphandle isimiso sokukhuculula, ikakhulukazi uma zitholakala ezindaweni lapho imvula ngenhla isilinganiso samanzi noma phansi isondela kakhulu ebusweni. umswakama okweqile - akusiyo kuphela amaxhaphozi udaka njalo, kodwa futhi ibe usongo olukhulu izisekelo izakhiwo.

Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngalokho yidivayisi ye yamanzi endaweni suburban noma egcekeni lomuzi yangasese. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizobheka ukuthi izinhlobo amanzi izakhiwo nokuthi kungakanani lubekelwe ukuhlomisa esiteshini nge isimiso esinjalo.

Kuyini isimiso sokukhuculula

Amanzi (amanzi) uhlelo - kuziteshi eziyinkimbinkimbi zasemoyeni noma ngaphansi komhlaba senzelwe ukususwa umswakama ngokweqile. Ngamanye amazwi, kuba kwamanzi eyayenziwe wadala, lapho amanzi eziqukethwe ebusweni phansi noma ngaphakathi it is ngokukhishwa kwebanga kusengaphambili. On abakhwabanisi amanga yezinjongo eziyinhloko ezintathu kuphela:

• ukunciphisa kuya yakhelwe ukubaluleka komhlaba ezingeni;
• Iqoqo ukususwa kwamanzi ncibilika;
• Iqoqo amanzi amanzi, eyabonakala ngenxa nokunwetshiwe imvula amaphethini.

Ngakho Ngidinga amanzi

Uma uhlala endaweni efudumele lapho iqhwa - kuyinto engavamile kakhulu, imvula uhambe izikhathi 2-3 ngonyaka, kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba zitholakala endaweni amamitha angu-50 ukujula, amanzi idivayisi noma yini. Kodwa uma indlu yakho noma cottage ise zindawo maphakathi, lapho iqhwa ebusika futhi entwasahlobo and ekwindla imvula, ngeke akwenze ngaphandle kwabo. Futhi akugcini nje ukuthi umswakama ngokweqile kudala ezinye ngokungalungile, futhi akuyona indlela engcono kuthinte zimbali ezikhula kusayithi. Amanzi angena ku imifantu kwesisekelo ekhaya kungaba iqhwa, ukwandisa kubo futhi ngaleyo ndlela kokubhubhisa isisekelo nesakhiwo. amanzi Ground, esondela iphuzu aphansi kwesisekelo kungaba nomthelela subsidence inhlabathi ngaphansi kwaso, futhi lokhu kuholela ekuphelelweni ukubukeka imifantu ezindongeni zezakhiwo.

Ngokusho nezidingo Imihlahlandlela ukuklanywa we namadreni kudivayisi (2000), amanzi idivayisi saziso:

• esetshenziselwa izakhiwo lalihlehliswa elise ngezansi ibalwa komhlaba ezingeni kanye lapho kokweqa esitezi esingaphezu ke ezindlini okungenani 5 amamitha;
• izakhiwo wangcwatshwa elisetshenziswa inhlabathi ubumba loam futhi, ngaphandle kokubheka ezingeni komhlaba;
• komhlaba lobuchwepheshe (engaphansi) Intuthuko ubumba loam umhlabathi futhi endaweni angcwatshwa zabo ezingaphezu kuka-1.5 amamitha, kungakhathalekile ezingeni komhlaba;
• zonke izakhiwo kanye izakhiwo, okuyinto zitholakala ezindaweni capillary umswakama, uma lisetshenziswe umswakama lokushisa izimo ezinzima.

Kungasiphi isisekelo ukubala amanzi ohlelweni

Kudivayisi izinhlelo amanzi kanye nemisele eyenziwa ngesisekelo idatha:

• izimfanelo enhlabathini bese isimo somhlabathi;
• inani elimaphakathi amanzi kwenze njengoba;
• komhlaba lendawo kuye isizini.

Thola ulwazi mayelana nalo kungacinywa ngesicelo emnyangweni (division) yezwe (district).

Izinhlobo amanzi

Idivayisi ye amanzi kanye amanzi izinhlelo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa ezintathu izinhlobo izakhiwo:

• ukuvula;
• avaliwe;
• Ukushaja.

Ngamunye izakhiwo ezimweni ezithile, ungabhekana kanjani nalezi ukuhoxiswa umswakama ngokweqile ngempumelelo.

amanzi evulekile

Iinsetjenziswa evulekile yamanzi - uhlobo elula futhi ezivamile omiswe esiteshini. I element eyinhloko abakhwabanisi - iziteshi evulekile (emhosheni) lowatungeleta azungezwe. Ngokuvamile banalo ububanzi 0.5 m wemba kumuntu ka 0.6-0.7 m ukujula. Umsele imiphetho bafa i-engela degrees 30 kuya emanzini e kwaba lula ukungena.

amanzi Ukusingathwa ukuhlangana esifundeni ebusweni offtake yalo awela kudoti, okuyinto okukhiphayo ukuba kokufunda ngendlela eziklanyelwe abakhwabanisi pool noma maphakathi isiphepho endle.

izindonga ukuhlola ichannel yinye ngayinye ziyaqiniswa esebenzisa izitini noma ukhonkolo. Esikhundleni lezi zinto zakudala asetshenziswa kumadivayisi ekhethekile yesimanje - emathileyi, eyenziwe ukhonkolo efanayo noma plastic. Ukuze isiteshi leso asikho got namagatsha, amakhasi, amatshe, ngezinye izikhathi phezu kwalo embozwe i Amabha obujwayelekile ngokufanele.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isimiso esinjalo amanzi ngenxa isakhiwo yayo ingasetshenziswa hhayi ukwehlisa izinga angaphansi komhlaba. Kuyinto ngempumelelo kuphela Ukususwa, ukunisa e ifomu kwezulu, futhi ezindaweni esisogwini eyehlelayo.

Izindleko kohlelo idivayisi amanzi evulekile incane. Ukwakhiwa ezifana isakhiwo ngaphandle design izindleko wena emhlabeni 1000-1200 ruble imitha ngalinye.

subsurface amanzi

Uma enhlabathini sisondele kakhulu kwamanzi, isixazululo esingcono kakhulu yinhlangano amanzi ohlobo avaliwe. Design Its inikeza laying isimiso imisele 0.3-0.4 m ububanzi at a 1.5 m ukujula. Basuke amba at slant bebheke abakhwabanisi kahle. amanzi avaliwe iziteshi ngaphandle ahlelwe kuhlanganise ipherimitha, futhi ngokuvamile inikeza iziteshi yangaphakathi ngokufanele emhlabeni ingxenye ngesimo herringbone.

Phansi emseleni ngamunye phezu obuphelele yonke we ungqimba wokuqala isihlabathi ligcwele, futhi - ngemuva kokuthi imfucumfucu ungqimba. Phezu kwalesi "isiguqo" amanzi amapayipi ekhethekile abekwa, zihambisana geotextile. Top tube ugcwele imfucumfucu futhi esikhulu akha elingenhla amanzi esindayo ungqimba. Ucedzela design inhlabathi noma Turf ibhola.

Kuyini drainpipe

Kuze kwaba seminyakeni embalwa edlule amanzi amapayipi eyenziwe asbestos-usimende noma sobumba. Ngokwemvelo, umklamo amanzi ohlelweni required utshalomali enkulu, futhi ayikwazanga njalo kwenziwe bebodwa. Namuhla, konke kulula kakhulu. ukwakhiwa Plastic cishe indawo asbestos futhi izitsha zobumba. ipayipi Modern ukuze liphume igazi - liyisici okunokwethenjelwa futhi iqine, ukukhwezwa kalula futhi lalungiswa.

On ukudayiswa ungathola izinhlobo ezimbili amapayipi: plastic abavamile perforated kanye lukathayela. Lesi sakamuva okuhlala ngaphezulu ngenxa ukusetshenziswa stiffeners.

Amanzi amapayipi abekwa esihlabathini, clayey noma loamy umhlabathi, ngaphambi umhlangano geotextile zihambisana. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlayiya inhlabathi musa clog ukuvuleka lapho umswakama engena. Ngamanye amazwi, isihlungi geotextile eyenza umsebenzi uhlobo.

Izindleko sokwakha avaliwe amanzi ohlelweni iphezulu kakhulu. Kube imitha ngalinye kuyodingeka bakhokhe ruble 1500-2000. Linganisela kudivayisi amanzi futhi kuhlanganisa izindleko ipayipi futhi geotextiles. Izindleko isilinganiso imitha pipe ruble 40 ngamunye, kuyilapho geotextile - ruble 30 / m. n. Ukwakhiwa somgodi 3 ukujula kanye ububanzi of 1 imitha izindleko ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 400. ruble.

Ukushaja amanzi

Iyunithi amanzi ohlelweni kusayithi ngezandla zakhe is best kufezwa ngokusebenzisa amanzi ukugcwaliswa. Ikhipha ke ihlukile evaliwe ukuze ayisebenzisi noma yimaphi ipayipi. indima yabo kwenziwa amatshe amakhulu noma izitini ephukile. Top ungqimba - imfucumfucu izinhlawulo kanye Turf. I of the imisele ukujula indawo iziteshi ziyefana ukuthi we amanzi avaliwe.

Amanzi percolating ebusweni emgodini noma ukhuphuka uvela ezingeni leliphasi, engena wesiteshi ihamba obliquely bebheke abakhwabanisi kahle. Njengoba sazi ukuthi phakathi kwale moto enkulu kwakhiwa isikhala khulula, amanzi alihlangani cishe isendleleni kungekho ukumelana, ngakho nekusebenta isimiso sokukhuculula ingabe akusizi indle ivaliwe. Kodwa izintengo uhlobo idivayisi ezike amanzi uhlelo aphansi ngoba akubandakanyi izindleko geotextiles, amapayipi kanye uvumelane nabo.

amanzi azungezwe izakhiwo

Uma kunqunywa ukuthi enhlabathini sisondele kakhulu ebusweni inhlabathi endaweni, kuyafaneleka ecabanga inhlangano eduze-odongeni amanzi. Kuyokusiza ukuvikela imisebenzi kwesisekelo imfundo kuwo imifantu futhi subsidence ngaphansi. Phela, izinga komhlaba kungenziwa cishe latholakala ngokulinganisa ibanga ebusweni ukuze amanzi kahle abavamile. Ungakhohlwa acabangele ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthi izinga entwasahlobo qiniseka avuke ngenxa meltwater.

Amanzi uhlelo idivayisi amanzi kusukela isisekelo sesakhiwo iqala kwencazelo engcwaba iphuzu yalo ephansi impela. Ngamanye amazwi, sidinga ukwazi ngokujulile indlela isisekelo ingena emhlabathini. Amanzi uhlelo Kunconywa ukuba abe okungenani 0.5 m ukujula kusukela phansi base isakhiwo iphuzu. Kuphela kuleli cala, enhlabathini ngeke angakhishwa ngaphambi kobana beze isisekelo.

Idivayisi isimiso sokukhuculula endlini iqala ukumba imisele kanye azungezwe at ibanga 0.5-0.7 m kusuka odongeni. Ngakho ukuthi amanzi angami, iziteshi ziyadingeka abe ukuchema kuzo ezithile bebheke ilungiselelo amanzi emithonjeni. Uma isayithi seluvele abakhwabanisi, ukunciphisa amanzi lungenzeka kuso.

isisekelo isimiso sokukhuculula wakhiwa phezu isimiso esifanayo njengoba amanzi subsurface, r. f. ukusetshenziswa amapayipi ekhethekile perforated crocked e geotextiles.

Ukuvikela kumila izakhiwo akwanele kuphela ukusebenzisa amanzi. Kuyadingeka ngaphezu kufanele ifakwe uhlelo abakhwabanisi okuzokwenza buyisela amanzi ku livnevki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze uhlanganise izinhlelo ezimbili noma kunjalo akunakwenzeka, lokho kuyoholela nomphumela ohlukile. Endabeni semali kwezulu amanzi nje ngeke ukubhekana kangcono nale nkinga, lokhu kungabangela ephawulekayo phezu-ogelezayo nokumanzisa inhlabathi emhlabeni isisekelo.

noma ukuchema kuzo ukubala

Ukusebenza kahle yamanzi umdlalo kusuka izisekelo futhi nesayithi libe iyonke incike inhlangano efanele emthambekeni, ayanda kunjalo, ngcono. Yini okufanele ibe nokuchema? Okuncane ukubaluleka kwesejwayelekile lokhu ubukhulu for nenhlabathi clayey kuyinto 2 mm, kanti sandy - 3 mm ngamunye komugqa imitha uhlelo. Kodwa umkhuba, avame kwenziwe emthambekeni 5-7 mm imitha ngalinye. Ekubaleni yayo esithathwayo lonke ubude amanzi, ezisukela iphuzu esiphezulu ke futhi sokukhipha kahle. Uma, ukwenza isibonelo, nobude bawo 20 metres, ubuncane ibalwa emthambekeni kufanele kube 0.4 m, kanye nama-practical - 1-1.5 m.

amaphutha ezivamile in idivayisi amanzi

Amaphutha alandelayo ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe ekwakhiweni yamanzi:

• Amanzi kudivayisi umngcele-free isimiso sokukhuculula;
• ukusetshenziswa amanzi amashubhu e geotextile emazombezombe e loamy isihlabathi inhlabathi noma ubumba;
• zisebenzisa aklame yamanzi esikhundleni amazinga ketshezi kanye yokululama theodolite;
• ukufakwa livnestochnyh sokuhambisa amanzi emithonjeni esikhundleni.