Kolyada (iholidi): Umlando kanye nesiko

Abantu abaningi namuhla bakholelwa ukuthi Christmas Kolyada atehlukaniseki. Eqinisweni, kusukela ezikhathini abangamaqaba, lapho kwakungekho wamukela ngisho ubuKristu e-Russia, abantu bakholwa onkulunkulu abahlukahlukene, sase sikhona kakade isiko njengoba Kolyada. lo mkhosi sanikezelwa uNkulunkulu wezulu Dazhdbog.

abantu basendulo babekholelwa ukuthi emva ngenjikalanga yasebusika, unkulunkulu evuka esibhakabhakeni, futhi ngosuku obuphelele uqala ukwandisa, futhi ebusuku - ukuze wehlise. Okhokho bethu babejabula Dazhdbog futhi baqala ukumdumisa ngosizo iculo isiko - carols.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amasiko amaningi aye ashintsha futhi ukhohliwe, kodwa namanje emasikweni amaningi, siqala ifomu uhlukile, sinamathela namuhla.

Ingqikithi yalo mkhosi

Kolyada - leli holidi lwamaSlav, igama ethandwa isikhathi sikaKhisimusi kanye Christmas esaqhubeka nanamuhla c 7 kuya ku-19 Januwari (Ubhapathizo).

Injongo eyinhloko Kolyada - ubambe emikhosini anikezelwe Christmas Eve. Amasiko main eziye zalondolozwa ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane, futhi esikhathini sethu, yilezi:

- ukugqoka ezihlukahlukene izingubo, ikakhulukazi eyenziwe isilwane izikhumba nezimpondo kwezilwane, ukusetshenziswa buso;

- caroling, iculo ngokufana kolyadnyh;

- sibonga kolyadovschikov isipho namaswidi yabo, ukudla, zemali kanye nezinye izinto;

- imidlalo kubantu abasha;

- ukubhula amantombazane abangashadile.

Kolyada - holidi, okuyinto yayingumuzi omkhulu kunayo yonke ebaluleke kakhulu ebusika ne izikhathi zabezizwe, njengoba nje manje Christmas kuwo wonke amaKristu.

Lapho uKhisimusi Carols

Kolyada - leli holidi lwamaSlav, usuku okwaqala Yule (Disemba 25 - ngosuku lwasebusika lapho imini imfushane), futhi baqhubeka kwaze kwaba 6 Januwari. Ngakho, ngisho nangaphambi ukwamukelwa kobuKristu, abantu wachitha Christmas Carols imicikilisho yokusebenzelana ekudumiseni unkulunkulu esibhakabhakeni - Dazhdbog.

Yini usuku Kolyada idili lugujwe ngemva ukwamukelwa kobuKristu? Amaqaba ukugubha ihlanganiswe ne usuku lokuzalwa lukaJesu Kristu, futhi isikhathi Christmas sekushiwo 6 kuya 19 Disemba, t. E. Kusukela uKhisimusi Epiphany. Lezi amasiko kaKhisimusi ezisekhona kuze kube manje.

Ngenjikalanga ubuhlobo kanye Christmas Carols

Kolyada idili kugujwa udumo kabusha kwelanga ngesikhathi ngenjikalanga yasebusika. Ngo-December 25, abantu abagcini nje ukugubha uNcibijane - babekholelwa ukuthi lolu suku ukuvela kwe-Nguqulo Yezwe nemisebenzi yezolimo.

A. Famintsyn encwadini ebizwa ngokuthi "ubuNkulunkulu lwamaSlav lasendulo," ebhalwe ngo-1884, waphawula ukuthi imibhalo yasendulo kukhona Ukukhuluma emibili yonkulunkulu - Kupala (unkulunkulu ngenjikalanga ehlobo) kanye Kolyada (unkulunkulu ngenjikalanga yasebusika).

A. N. Afanasev ngokubhala "ukubukwa ezinezinkondlo ngemvelo lwamaSlav" okukhulunywa ukuthi ilanga samuntu ukuphila okujabulisayo futhi saphezulu. Unkulunkulu Solar ayebhekwa elikhanyayo kakhulu, unomusa nesihe; oshukumisa zonke izinto eziphilayo ukuphila, zihlinzeka ngokudla kanye nezakhi usizo kubantu.

Kukholakala ukuthi ukukhanya kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa isiphetho, ngakho abantu bacela usizo kuye lapho ukuphishekela nobunzima bakhe nokuhluleka. Futhi, ilanga ukuba simelane okubi, lobumnyama abandayo.

Ngakho, Slavic iholide Kolyada nokusebenza namaculo kaKhisimusi - ke rites anikezelwe nonkulunkulu welanga, ebonisa ubuhlobo obukhethekile okhokho bethu ukuze inkanyiso.

Incazelo yaleli holidi

Kolyada - iholide lobuqaba, futhi igama lalo elisuka ezikhathini zasendulo.

Omunye eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ngemvelaphi igama elithi "Kolyada" ephikelela ukuthi basuka "Amakoloni" - ". Ilanga" Kuvikela abantu ebumnyameni, futhi ngo-December 25 wazalwa inkanyezi abasha nentsha, eye yasiza ukwandisa ngosuku ukukhanya nobusuku kwehle.

nombono ohlukile banamathela Dmitry Shchepkin, futhi liqukethe yokuthi igama elithi "Kolyada" kusho "pie ukudla noma pie izitsha", "egijima ezungeza". Lokhu zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi inkampani waya emphandwini carols wonke amagceke wasina futhi bacula namaculo kaKhisimusi, ke KLOMELA them okukhona, futhi ngemva badla ukudla ndawonye, okuyinto nakolyadovali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona imibono ukuthi "Kolyada" livela amazwi:

- "emphemeni" - ovuthayo isiphunzi;

- "kolo" - round, isondo;

- kusukela egameni lesi Latin "Kalenda," okusho ukuthi, "Ngosuku lokuqala lwenyanga" ...

I etymological isichazamazwi incazelo yegama elithi kuchazwe ngokuthi "inkambiso okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ekuqaleni konyaka", okuyinto ejwayelekile ngisho ezikhathini zangaphambi kobuKristu, futhi ngemva ukwamukelwa kobuKristu iholide Slavic Kolyada seluqaliwe ngosuku ukuzalwa kukaJesu Kristu.

Ngokusho isichazamazwi ethnolinguistic (Slavic lasendulo), izwi elisuka yobuqaba. Lokwesaba uthi Kolyada akukho oyi-Slavic futhi kwamaqaba nokwenziwa leli gama yathathwa ngokuthi ukubonakaliswa abefundisi (ngokoqobo: "izipho noma iminikelo, okuyinto zathathwa abefundisi" noma "okuqukethwe loNyaka Omusha").

Indlela sokulungiselela umkhosi Christmas Carols?

Kolyada - holidi, owawungumnyaka enkulu futhi into ebaluleke kakhulu kubantu. Kulesi sisekelo, umuntu angalimisa ngesihloko elokuthi ukuthi ukulungiselela kusengaphambili futhi ngokucophelela. Abantu abavamile (ngisho kusukela imikhaya ampofu kakhulu):

- ukulungiselela inqwaba yokudla, ikakhulukazi inyama, futhi lokhu ingulube waqala;

- bahlanza kahle kulo indlu;

- kahle abaphundlwe kule okugeza;

- elungiselela kuzithenga, ikakhulukazi ngenxa caroling.

Into eyodwa awuzange ushintshe: kudalo, futhi manje sihlose ukuhlangabezana uNcibijane amaholide nahlanza ngokwenyama nangokomoya.

Njengoba sekuyisikhathi eside kugujwa Kolyada?

izazi zemvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu abaningi bayavuma ukuthi ngisho ezikhathini zangaphambi kobuKristu kwakuyinkambiso, njengoba Kolyada. indaba iholide Kuyathakazelisa futhi kujabulise, amasiko amaningi nemicikilisho ezisekhona kuze kube sesikhathini sethu, kodwa ezinye Akasekho amandla futhi kushintshiwe.

Ukugujwa Christmas Carols nemikhosi yayiqhutshelwa oda elandelayo:

1. Ingxenye yokuqala ukugubha yokuthi inani elikhulu abantu befika emathempelini amaqaba (amathempeli) ukukhiqiza lokukhula umhlatshelo futhi ukuxhumana onkulunkulu, babe eduze nabo.

Njengoba kwashiwo kuyi-legend, abantu babuthanele ngasemgwaqeni omkhulu emfuleni, ehlathini eduze komlilo kanye ibingase ibonge futhi idumise konkulunkulu babo, ecela ukuba siphenduke futhi izinzuzo esizayo. ngaleyo ndlela ubuso babo wanezelwa, simaskwe, abagqoké izikhumba zalezi nezinye izingubo, zazibambe imikhonto, izihlangu nezimpondo kwezilwane, imihlatshelo nokubhula.

Ukuze isiko lomhlatshelo nokubhula kwakudingeka umthakathi - umuntu ohlinzeka isixhumanisi konkulunkulu. Emkhayeni, indima uyindoda abaphezulu. Ngaphambi ukubhula ngokuvamile kwenziwa umhlatshelo inyoni noma isilwane. Kulokhu, igazi elichithwe futhi yanqamula uze axoshe imimoya emibi. izitho zezilwane ukuthi azenzelwa ukudla, wangcwatshwa emhlabathini, basha ngokukhanukelana, umlilo noma baminza emfuleni.

Abadala wabulala isilwane incenga onkulunkulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, amantombazane nabafana, ngazibuza, futhi wahlabelela namaculo kaKhisimusi, okuyinto adunyiswe Kolyada - intokazi nonkulunkulu welanga.

2. Ingxenye yesibili yayizimisele jikelele Kolyada ukudla. Abantu ukudla ukuthi uye wenziwa umhlatshelo, thina siphuza aphenduke inkezo lidlule kwisiyingi. sung Ngakho carols, bedumisa onkulunkulu Navi neziqondiso wacela usizo kubantu ezinhle.

3. yesithathu yomkhosi kwakungamadodana okuthiwa "ukuzijabulisa": abantu bavuma ingoma ezihlukahlukene iculo, wasina kuya Slavic Folk amathuluzi.

Umkhosi Christmas Carols (Sun) kwadingeka amasiko azo futhi izici, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo:

- Okokuqala, siya caroling izingane ku abantu abambalwa. Bathatha 2 pie, okuyinto waba yizinqamu alinganayo bonke badla ngemva ukusebenza namaculo kaKhisimusi.

- Lapho zisencane amantombazane (omakoti) futhi wahlabelela Folk songs. Thina wabanikela bonke a kalaches ezimbalwa futhi Gingerbread.

- Ekupheleni hamba caroling bonke abesifazane madoda babenikwa nayo futhi amakhekhe, kanye namakhukhi.

Iskriphthi Christmas Carols

Futhi namhlanje, njengoba iholidi lugujwa? Koliada ubabonisa e vortex izizinda ngokwesiko. Iskriphthi yayiyindlela kanje, ngaphakathi spite of anezele kanye nezinguquko ezenziwa ngabantu ezahlukene:

1. obandulela uKhisimusi (ngo-January 6), abantu ingaludli kuze kuhlwe. Kepha njengoba masinyane njengoba esibhakabhakeni inkanyezi ebonakele ngaso, kuqala, bonke bahlala phansi ukuba umndeni dinner. On the table kusihlwa kufanele kube izifundo ezingu-12, kuhlanganise kutya okudingekayo futhi uzvar zezithelo omisiwe (apula kanye nakala), kanye eqotho inyama izitsha (pancake, iklabishi eyayigcwele, amadombolo, ayi okuzenzela).

Kusukela esikhathini eside esidlule okhokho bethu kwakuyinkambiso utshani obomisiwe enhlanzi ngaphansi kwendwangu yetafula, okuyinto kwakufanele ukuba alale khona kuze kube uJanuwari 14 - Schedretsa.

2. Ngakusasa - Januwari 7 - kufika ubusika umkhosi enkulu kaKhisimusi. Kulolu suku olukhethekile, sanquma ukuya godson yakhe, ubanikeze izipho.

Ngemva kokudla kwakusihlwa, amantombazane nabafana bagqoke up in izilwane ezahlukene kanye Roma nabantu 10-15 hamba nge carols amaqembu. Enye inkampani kolyadovschikov kumele bagqoke imbuzi. Kwezinye izifunda (ikakhulukazi esifundazweni saseNtshonalanga Ukraine) Nganquma ukuya ngenkanyezi ezinkulu ezenziwe ekhaya. Kolyada ukucula amaculo okudumisa umhlaba, ecela esizayo ezinhle, ukudansa futhi kumnandi ukuba. Ngenxa yalesi Sebawoti ophanayo ukubonga nabo futhi anikeze okukhona ezahlukene kanye nemali.

Kukholakala ukuthi uma abanikazi ziye akakavuli umnyango Kolyada, kwakungase umeme inhlekelele emkhayeni nobumpofu.

3. elilandelayo ngemuva sikaKhisimusi kwakuwumkhuba usuku St kukaStefanu. Ngalo lolo suku, umnikazi wayo kwakumelwe akhokhe ngokugcwele off abasebenzi babo, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, engenza konke ababekuqongelele onyakeni owedlule. Khona-ke ukuthi uyasifaka yini ukungena esivumelwaneni esisha njengoba liqhubeka nokubambisana noma diverge.

Little izakhamizi ehlukile edumile ezisemadolobheni leli holide Slavic (Kolyada). iskripthi yakhe kwaba okulandelayo:

- ekufezeni uhlelo zemikhosi futhi mkhosi othandwayo kuleli paki futhi enkabeni yedolobha;

- inhlangano nemibuthano yezohwebo;

- Ball nokudansa (wahlela ukuba izakhamuzi abacebile).

Izingane, kanye namuhla, ungase ujabulele isihlahla sikaKhisimusi, izipho, uya kudlala nezinhlelo umdanso.

4. Zijabulise futhi ukugubha Schedrets Januwari 14. Ngalolu suku, hhayi kuphela behlabelela besina, kodwa futhi wakhetha intombazane enhle kakhulu kwalesi sigodi. Wagqoka izingubo, wagqoka Wreath, iribhoni, ubaholele ithimba ubuhle, owahamba nasendlini ngendlu futhi schedrovali. I Sebawoti ngosuku wazama kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka nokuningi ukusinikela yona ngesandla esivulekile ngonyaka oluzayo kwaba yimpumelelo futhi ecebile.

Kuti indawo ngamaholide kaKhisimusi kolyadnyh

Kolyada idili lwamaSlav lasendulo ayizange iphumelele ngaphandle Kuti. 3 babe busuku obukhethekile, ongcwele, ngamunye olwahlelwa kanye iphalishi isiko, lapho ezahlukene:

1. mafutha nati, izithelo ezomisiwe, poppy imbewu futhi uzvar olungiselelwe lokuqala kusihlwa pre-Christmas - 6 Januwari. It ngokuthi lingcolile enjalo kutey okukhulu.

2. Januwari 13 - ngosuku olwandulela uNcibijane isitayela ubudala - okuphekiwe kutyu yesibili, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i ocebile noma ophanayo. Ngalolusuku etafuleni wakhonza zonke izinhlobo kuhle eqotho, ngisho iphalishi wagcwala amafutha, lard, ibhotela skorominoyu.

3. kutya yesithathu - bangaphambi Epiphany ngo-January 18 - wayebizwa ngokuthi njengoba elambile futhi kwaba, njengezakuqala, mafutha, sasipheka amanzi. Kube isiko kwaba iqiniso lokuthi yomkhaya kusihlwa ukuba ngiphume futhi bonke wamasango, iminyango, wahosha iziphambano ukuvikela izakhamuzi lendlu nomndeni emimoyeni emibi, amashwa kanye sezulu esibi.

Kolyada iholide eRussia phakathi nokubusa kwamaSoviet cishe kugujwa, kodwa 60s kancani athoma ngivuselele amasiko Slavic, futhi ngo-90s bona kakade kwase ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele kwaqala ukubuyela umndeni Russian. Namuhla, ukucula carols ebusuku oNgcwele - 6 kuya 7 Januwari, amasiko amaningi eza emuva: izingane kanye nabantu abasha bagqoke up in izingubo zemikhosi, thatha ngenkanyezi, afunde izingoma abantu. Abanikazi, esikhundleni salokho, zama ngesandla esivulekile ukubonga Kolyada lowo nyaka kwaba yimpumelelo futhi ecebile.

Beka ukubhula amaholidi kaKhisimusi Carols

Ukubhula e samaholide kaKhisimusi Carols izinsuku matasa indawo ekhethekile ngokuvamile, bachitha kusihlwa ngosuku olwandulela uKhisimusi futhi kuze 14 Januwari (New Year ngokuvumelana ikhalenda elidala). Kukholakala ukuthi kwaba ngalezo zinsuku intombazane ungafunda ikusasa labo, ngibambulele imfihlakalo esizayo, ukuze ubone umakoti ngisho nokubikezela usuku lomshado. Kwakukhona yezinkonzo eziningi. Ethandwa kakhulu lezi ezilandelayo:

1. Kwadingeka ahambe ngaphandle ngiyonikeza amabhuzu nge nolokhohlo phezu kocingo. Khona-ke bheka yawa kanjani. Uma uzwane yendlu, kodwa kulonyaka akazange ashade, uma okuphambene, khona-ke wabukela, kulokho isiqondiso kubonisa ukuqalisa - Bathi, lapho, futhi kufanele ulinde Mr Right.

2. Braley 2 izinaliti, ezigcotshwe namanoni azo noma amafutha bese ngihlaliswa amanzi. Uma bashona ngokushesha, kubonisani ngonyaka okubi, futhi uma wahlala untanta, kodwa namanje united, kwaba kukufanelekele ukulinda, abacebile umshado okuseduze.

3. bakwaGadi ubuvila. Intombazanyana kusukela woodshed zifa wadonsa eyodwa isiqu kanye ngokucophelela siyihlola. Uma kwakunzima, umkhawulo kuyoba nge ukubukeka ebukekayo, uma bushelelezi ngisho, umyeni esizayo kuyinto handsome esinesithunzi. Kuningi kwamafindo esiqwini waveza ukuthi guy uvela emndenini kunothile abafowethu nodadewethu. Uma udle futhi pokruchennoe lwamakholi lwalugobile, umakoti ukukhubazeka zangaphandle (ijika pockmarked futhi t. D.)

4. Ukuqagela emasongweni. Wawunamabhodi eqinisweni lokuthi ngesihlungo egcwele iyiphi cereal noma rye, ukolweni, azibeka the 4 izinhlobo the Rings: metal, nesiliva, negolide, futhi wafaka netshe, futhi wabashukumisa kahle konke. Kuze kube yimanje, inkampani uya ukubikezela amantombazane abangashadile, ngasinye sazo uhambe abambalwa okuqukethwe:

- uma nje okusanhlamvu yonkana, kodwa kulonyaka akazange ashade nhlobo;

- uma indandatho elula metal ukuthi uzoshada umfana abampofu;

- uma ring silver, umkhwenyana kuyoba lula;

- indandatho ngetshe ubikezela ukuphila komkhaya nge Boyar;

- indandatho yegolide - uphawu oshada intombazane umthengisi.

5. Kukhona ukubhula for ofuna ukuthatha isitsha bese ugcwalisa okusanhlamvu, ukupheka ezicucwini zamaphepha, enye yazo ukubhala igama ezithandwayo zezingoma womshado wakhe, omunye ashiywe awunalutho. Thatha idlanzana wokusanhlamvu sibheke lokho izikhathi ziyokuwa ucezu athandwayo lephepha:

- Uma ekuqaleni, le ntombazane akufanele alindele ukuba kuqalwe ukuthandana okusheshayo;

- yesibili - ke kufanele abhekane nobunzima;

- eyesithathu - abasha ukukopela kuwe, akukuhle ukuyikholwa;

- yesine - guy ngabandayo ngokuphelele kuwe.

Amantombazane asemancane futhi wazibuza:

- phakathi kwamabili ku okugeza;

- nge nesibuko balindele ukubona kuye eyingoduso;

- phezu kwamanzi namakhandlela.

Elinye lamasiko main babe ngezicathulo amasondo. Kuze kube yimanje, umbuthano omkhulu wokhuni njengoba isondo ngomlilo waligingqa ekukhuphukeni futhi ekwehleni. Lapha ungakwazi wayewabona ubuhlobo emasikweni Slavic amasiko kaKhisimusi Carols, wokushisa isondo, ngokuqinisekile kwakufanekisela ilanga, futhi iqiniso ukuthi iphuma ngomqanso wasiza ukungezwa ngosuku ukukhanya.

umlando caroling

Namaculo kaKhisimusi ngokuvamile sung engekho endlini, futhi ngqo ngaphandle. Ntombazane encane wacela imvume ukungena, bese wahlabelela "vinogrado" okusakazekile North. Lapha Kolyada izipho kungekho amakhekhe noma amaswidi, amakhekhe nemicikilisho ngesimo izilwane nezinyoni. Lezi amabhisikidi ayenziwa ngesikhumba dolgohranyaschegosya test, ayewusizo futhi kuyabiza ngoba yonke imindeni, ngoba babelokhu unyaka wonke, ukuze izinto kungukuthi elahlekile endleleni ekhaya futhi ande. Ukwenza kanjalo amakhukhi ngaphambi, kodwa isithombe izinhlamvu, okuyinto ayebhekiswe onkulunkulu (noma ngena Roda Sun).

Caroling emkhubeni kwenziwa iviki elilodwa, kusukela ngo-December 25 (ngoKhisimusi on likaJulius). Izimfanelo eyinhloko inqubo enjalo kwakuyilawa:

1. Star. Benza-ke kusukela iphepha eqinile - sezingeni elikhulu e amayadi angu (mayelana 0.7 amamitha) - kanye kuvutha ikhandlela. Star octagonal, zipendwe ngemibala egqamile.

2. Den. It wakhishwa ebhokisini nge eziyizitezi ezimbili, lapho babekwa imifanekiso izinkuni, esibonisa indaba yokuzalwa kukaJesu Kristu.

Ngaphansi amafasitela kolyadovschiki wenza iculo emfushane Devotional, futhi omunye eqenjini kuphela ukuxazulula aphethe ufike futhi uthole awukudla kanye imadlana.

Kolyada - iholide, futhi phakathi naleso nemizana ezinkulu Russia etatawini elilodwa wayebona amaqembu 5-10 ngenkanyezi, futhi ngamunye kubo wazama abanikazi ngesandla esivulekile endowed.

Izimpande kobuqaba iholide

Ngakho lokho Kolyada? Ingqikithi yalo holiday okulandelayo: lokhu uhlu imicikilisho Lasendulo, bedumisa bebonga abasha yobuqaba nonkulunkulu welanga. Ngokusho kwemithombo eminingi, Kolyada wayesalokhu unkulunkulu emadilini onamileyo.

Le nguqulo eyinhloko umsuka iholide wukuthi izindumiso esikhanya ngenjikalanga yasebusika. Kukhona ngisho legend yilokho. izinyoka Korotun abashwabadela ilanga nonkulunkulukazi Kolyada ukusiza abantu futhi ubelethe, inkanyezi abasha entsha - Božić. Abantu abazama ukusiza unkulunkulukazi futhi ukuvikela osanda kuzalwa ukuba angabonwa inyoka ngokuhlabelela loud wokumemeza, ngokugqoka zokubhukuda scary ngezikhumba zezilwane ukusetshenziswa izimpondo. Nge carols intsha iya kuwo wonke egcekeni ukumemezela ukuthi ilanga abasha elisha yazalwa ezweni.

Ngemva ukwamukelwa of Christianity, iSonto kungavunyelwe kakhulu amasiko caroling nokukhulekela onkulunkulu, kodwa kwakunzima ukuba bakhiphe ngokuphelele noma ngokuphelele ngamasiko asendulo nemicikilisho. Ngakho-ke, ngamamitha bahamba zabapristi namakholwa, ukuvumela lokho iisus hristos wazalwa nokumdumisa. La masiko futhi wasinda kulesi sikhathi sethu kuphela. Nakuba ukuthandwa namaculo kaKhisimusi abanikazi ngokuvamile ungalilahli izipho Kunalokho, sasizama ukugwema izindawo. amakholwa Polesie kolyadovschikov babengavunyelwe ekhaya, njengoba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kuyoba unyaluthi sokuvuna, nalabo caroling ngokwenkambiso lasendulo, generously klomela ngabonga.