Kanjani i-VPN-uxhumano?

Umqondo virtual amanethiwekhi yangasese, esifushanisiwe njengoba VPN (kusukela English Virtual Network Private), uvele ubuchwepheshe bama-computer kuyinto esanda kuqalwa. Ukuze udale uxhumano yalolu hlobo bavunyelwe sihlanganise ikhompyutha terminals mobile zenethiwekhi ngaphandle izintambo evamile, kungakhathaliseki kusuka indawo ye lingasetshenziswa esigungwini ethize. Manje cabanga umbuzo indlela ye-VPN-connection, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunikeza iseluleko esithile setting up amanethiwekhi okunjalo futhi ezihambisana isofthiwe iklayenti.

Kuyini VPN?

Njengoba kusobala-VPN kuyinto isengezo senethiwekhi ezimele namadivayisi amaningi exhunywe nalokho. Akufanele sizikhohlise - ukuxhuma ezimbili noma ezintathu ezikhumulweni kweshumi kukhompyutha ngesikhathi esifanayo (njengoba kungenziwa ku "lokalke") kuvame akusebenzi. It inemibandela ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi, noma ngisho nasezinsukwini nomthamo router okuyinto bokunikeza IP amakheli ukudluliswa kwedatha.

Nokho, umbono ekuqaleni sibekwa uxhumano ubuchwepheshe alulusha. Wazama bathethelele isikhathi eside. Futhi abaningi abasebenzisi lanamuhla amanethiwekhi khompyutha okwamanje nakwazi ukuthi yini abayaziyo ngeNkosi konke empilweni yami, kodwa nje akazange azame ukuya uthole umongo wendaba.

Kanjani i-VPN-inthanethi: izimiso eziyisisekelo futhi ubuchwepheshe

Ukuze uthole ukuqonda kangcono sikunikeza isibonelo silula, okuyinto kunoma yimuphi umuntu yesimanje ezaziwayo. Thola okungenani umsakazo. Phela, eqinisweni, kuba iyunithi likhipha (umhumushi), kucocisana iyunithi (repeater) obhekene ukudluliswa nokusatshalaliswa amasignali futhi ukuthi idivaysi eyamukelayo (umamukeli).

Enye into ukuthi isiginali idluliselwa ngokuphelele zonke abathengi kanye zenethiwekhi likhethwa, abahlanganisa ndawonye inethiwekhi eyodwa, amadivaysi kuphela ezithile. Qaphela ukuthi akekho yokuqala noma esimweni sesibili, izintambo ngoba ohlanganisa okuxhunyanwa nokwamukela amadivayisi ukushintshanisa idatha nomunye, azidingeki.

Kodwa ngisho lapha kukhona ubuqili. Iqiniso ukuthi isiginali yasekuqaleni engavikelekile, okungukuthi, kungase kuthathe iyiphi umsakazo ham usebenzisa iyunithi i-imvamisa ezifanele. owenza i-VPN kanjani? Yebo, ncamashi. Kuphela kuleli cala, indima eyadlalwa router edluliselwe (umzila noma ADSL-imodemu), kanye nendima edlalwa yi-umamukeli - ikhompyutha esigungwini umile, laptop, noma idivayisi yeselula, eyabika esikhathini imishini yayo abazinikezele module wireless (Wi-Fi).

Ukuphishekela konke lokhu kwenza idatha okuvela emthonjeni, ekuqaleni ngekhodi, bese kuphela ngokusebenzisa isiqophi semithombo ekhethekile yakhiqizwa kudivayisi ethile. Lomgomo uxhumano ibizwa ngokuthi singena emhubheni VPN. Futhi lesi simiso oluhambisana zokuxhumana mobile ngezinga elikhulu lapho Ukuqondisa kabusha kwenzeka ku obhalisile ethize.

Loluguduzisa amanethiwekhi virtual wendawo

Ake baqonde indlela ukusebenza-VPN Umhubhe imodi. Empeleni, it ihlanganisa ukwenziwa umugqa othile, nithi, kusukela iphuzu «A» iphuzu «B», lapho idatha lisuka umthombo central (umzila neseva uxhumano) sokunquma wonke amadivayisi kunethiwekhi ngokuzenzakalela ngesikhathi ukucushwa kusengaphambili.

Ngamanye amazwi, lo mhubhe kudalwa at ukuyiqonda nokuyikhumbula emagama idatha ethunyelwe ku-irisidi. It kuvela ukuthi akukho omunye umsebenzisi, owazama ukubamba idatha yalolu hlobo e inqubo yokudlulisa, ngeke uyakwazi ukuwuqonda.

kusho kokusebenza

Omunye amathuluzi anamandla kakhulu lolu hlobo ukuxhumana futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuphepha isezingeni Cisco Systems. Nokho, abanye abalawuli ongenalwazi nawu umbuzo, kungani akasebenzisi i-VPN-Cisco-imishini.

Ixhumeke wokuqala wabo bonke imizila nje elungiselelwe asethwe abashayeli ezifana D-Link noma ZyXEL, edinga ukuhleleka okuhle nje ngenxa yokuthi anemisila firewall esakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sinake imidvwebo wiring. Kungase kube ezimbili: indlela-kuya-umzila, noma ukungena kokukude. Esimweni sokuqala sikhuluma ngokuhlanganisa amaningi tekukhipha amadivayisi, kanti eyesibili - ukuphathwa zokuxhuma noma kwedatha nge ukungena kokukude.

ukufinyelela yezifiso

Ngokuphathelene yezifiso namuhla ngokuyinhloko elisetshenziswa ukucushwa ithuluzi PCP / IP ezingeni, nakuba yezifiso endawo kweminye-VPN zingahluka.

Ngayeka-VPN ukusebenza? Kuyadingeka ukuba sibheke ezinye izilungiselelo kufihlwe. Ngokwesibonelo, esekelwe ubuchwepheshe TCP yezifiso ezengeziwe PPP futhi PPTP isazoqhubeka ubheke TCP / IP isitaki yezifiso, kodwa ukuxhuma, isibonelo, endabeni ezimbili PPTP IP amakheli kumele kusetshenziswe esikhundleni esisodwa. Nokho, noma kunjalo, mhubhe kuhilela nokudluliswa kwemininingwane ebiyelwe yangaphakathi IPX olandelwayo uhlobo noma NetBEUI, futhi zinikezwa izihloko ezikhethekile esekelwe PPP yedatha unimpeded elihambisana umshayeli inethiwekhi.

Ukuze TCP / IP ngokuvamile Kunconywa ukuba ukhethe yokufuna ngokuzenzekelayo ikheli lokuqala futhi ayethanda-DNS iseva. Ngakho ukusebenza weseva kumele ucishiwe (hhayi kuphela amakheli sendawo).

amadivaysi hardware

Manje sibheke isimo lapho kuphakama umbuzo, kungani ungazami ukuba VPN. Iqiniso ukuthi inkinga ingase ibe ngenxa kulungiselelwa engalungile imishini, yebo. Kodwa lesi simo singenzeka kanye nesimo esihlukile.

Kuwufanele benaka ngokwabo imizila ukuthi enze ukulawula uxhumano. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amadivaysi kuphela ezifanelekela uxhumano nemingcele.

Ngokwesibonelo, imizila efana DI-808HV futhi DI-804HV anganikeza uxhumano amadivayisi amane kanyekanye. Njengoba imishini ZyXEL, ezimweni eziningi, kungaba ukusebenza ngisho ngokusebenzisa esakhelwe inethiwekhi ezisebenza ZyNOS uhlelo, kodwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa umugqa wemiyalo nge Telnet olandelwayo. Ukwenza ngale ndlela ivumela ukuba ulungiselele yimuphi apharathasi ngedatha ukudluliswa kunethiwekhi ezintathu-Ethernet imvelo wabelane ne yokudlulisela IP-traffic kanye ukusebenzisa esiyingqayizivele Noma yimuphi-IP ubuchwepheshe eyenzelwe uhlanganyela itafula esezingeni imizila ukwenza umzila omgwaqo esangweni for izinhlelo ukuthi ekuqaleni amisiwe ukusebenza kwamanye subnets.

Kuthiwani uma akusebenzi VPN (Windows 10 futhi kamuva)?

I sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu isimo - nokulandela okukhipha nokokufaka okhiye (Keys Oku-ngekuhlanganyela). Kufanele kube okufanayo both qeda umhubhe. Lapha kuyazuzisa sokunaka ukubethela cryptographic (Ike noma Manual) nokuba khona umsebenzi ubuqiniso noma ngaphandle kwalo.

Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho olandelwayo efanayo AH (inguqulo yesiNgisi - Ukugunyaza Iheda) anganikeza kuphela kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukugunyazwa ngaphandle ukubethela.

I-VPN-amaklayenti kanye nezilungiselelo zazo

Ngokuqondene-VPN-iklayenti, khona-ke ayilula kangako. Izinhlelo eziningi zisekelwe lobu buchwepheshe, zisebenzisa izindlela esezingeni ukulungiswa. Nokho, kukhona ezinye izingibe.

Inkinga iwukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukufaka iklayenti uma isevisi kuvaliwe kakhulu "OSes" lutho okuhle kuzofika ngakho. Yingakho kudingeka uqale ukusebenzisa lezi izilungiselelo ku-Windows ke ukuwafaka kwi-router (umzila), kodwa kuphela emva kokuzama usethe iklayenti.

Kufanele udale uxhumano olusha ohlelweni, kunokuba usebenzisa akhona. Ngalesi stop thina ngeke, njengoba inqubo ejwayelekile, kodwa router kuyodingeka ukufaka amanye amasethingi (ngokuvamile zitholakala WLAN Connection Uhlobo imenyu) bese wenza kusebenze konke lihlotshaniswa-VPN-server.

Kuyaphawuleka futhi yokuthi iseva virtual ngokwaso sasiyobonisa kufanele afakwe ohlelweni njengoba uhlelo elihambisana nalesi sihloko. Kodwa ke ingasetshenziswa ngisho ngaphandle ukulungiswa manual, umane ngokukhetha dislocation eliseduze.

Omunye ethandwa kakhulu futhi kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa kungenziwa ngokuthi i -VPN amaklayenti-server okuthiwa SecurityKISS. Uhlelo isethwe off kahle ngaphandle kwezihibe, kodwa ke ngisho nalapho kusadliwa akudingeki ukuya ukuqinisekisa lwenethiwekhi efanele wonke amadivayisi axhunyiwe ku umsindo.

Kwenzeka ukuthi ngabe iphakheji ngokwanele owaziwa futhi ezidumile Kerio -VPN Client akusebenzi. Lapha kubalulekile ukuba sinake hhayi kuphela ukumisa router noma "OSes" kakhulu, kodwa futhi phezu kwemigomo uhlelo iklayenti. Njengomthetho, ukwethulwa imingcele weqiniso uvumela ukuqeda le nkinga. In an icala ngokwedlulele kubalulekile ukuhlola izilungiselelo uxhumano main bese usebenzisa TCP / IP protocol (v4 / v6).

Uyini umphumela?

Sesihlole indlela VPN. Ngomqondo onabile, lutho nzima ku uxhumano ukuthi ukudalwa amanethiwekhi ezifana khona. Ubunzima main itholakala ukubeka imishini ethize kanye ukufakwa yayo ongakhetha, okuyinto, ngeshwa, abasebenzisi abaningi abakushayi indiva, sithembele yokuthi yonke le nqubo kuzoncishiswa automatism.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esikukhathalela kakhulu ngezinkinga ezihlobene inqubo ngokwabo-VPN amanethiwekhi virtual ukusebenza, ngakho ulungise imishini, ukufaka abashayeli kudivayisi, nokunye. D. Yibani ngemiyalelo ahlukene kanye nezincomo.