Izitayela kolimi etemibhalo. Izitayela ngolimi lwanamuhla Russian etemibhalo

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu Kwenziwa esebenzisa ulimi. Kuyinto indlela yokukhuluma kanye kumiswa imizwa nemicabango. Ulimi kuyindlela yokuthola ukufunda ulwazi olusha kanye nolwazi, yomculo nomthelela ngempumelelo imizwelo nengqondo. Ukuze isebenzise lezi imisebenzi izikhulumi bomdabu kumele kube enekhono kuwo. Le ndoda, ngamanye amazwi, kumele ithuthukiswe isiko inkulumo. Njengendlela imicabango nekuveta imizwa kungaba umlayezo wezwi noma kutheksthi lebhaliwe. Izitayela ulimi standard kungaba ukuxhumana nabanye. Yingakho kwezinye izinhlelo amathuluzi angasetshenziswa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomculo. Ngokulandelayo, ahlaziye okuyinto isitayela ulimi tetemibhalo, kukhona futhi yilokho kanye abakudingayo.

amagama

Igama elithi "isitayela" elisuka ngesiGreki. Ngalezo zinsuku, sabhalela voschanoy amaphilisi ngenaliti - stylet. Isitayela kuyinto kuchazwe esigabeni silulumagama. Phakathi nohlaka yayo yenziwa ukufunda izici isicelo izindlela yokukhuluma imicabango nemizwa, kuye ngesimo, izinjongo kanye nokuqukethwe izitatimende, imibandela kanye kwenkululeko zokuxhumana. Isigaba ihlola izitayela ulimi ngqo tetemibhalo, ujwayelene kubo kuwo wonke amazinga. Ukuyala study inhlangano inkulumo efanele, ekhululekile, ngekulandzelana eqondile. Isifundo "isitayela ulimi wokubhala esikoleni" ifundisa kuwusizo futhi isicelo abazi imithetho nezisetshenziswa lucebe.

izinkomba

NeziLimi stylistics etadisha ulimi nendlela yokukhuluma. Isiqondiso wokuqala wethula isakhiwo ulimi. Siphinde ukufunda ulimi, uhlelo lolimi, namathuluzi phraseological. Isiqondiso yesibili ngokuyinhloko ihlola izinhlobo ezahlukene inkulumo, kanye athembele izitatimende izinjongo ezihlukahlukene. Isitayela sabo kufanele abe ubunjalo obusebenzayo njalo. Nge kufanele kudalulwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana inkulumo ngenjongo, kuncike kusho nola, izimo yokuxhumana, umlobi isilinganiso nokugqoka.

imiqondo eyisisekelo

Izigaba ebaluleke kakhulu isiyalo idingekile ukuze zokwaluka ulimi etemibhalo. Zisetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukene yempilo yomphakathi. Isitayela - uhlobo ulimi tetemibhalo, lapho inkulumo imicabango nemizwa enqubeni yokuxhumana. Ngamunye wabo libhekene hhayi kuphela iqoqo eliyingqayizivele amathuluzi, kodwa futhi inhlanganisela eliyingqayizivele kokubili. Kukhona izitayela ezahlukene nemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa kolimi yesimanje etemibhalo. Sekukonke kukhona ezinhlanu. Okuningi "esivaliwe" kubhekwa olusemthethweni ibhizinisi isitayela ulimi. Okuvame kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke olukhulunywa. Kukhona isitayela yesayensi kolimi etemibhalo. It kungokwalabo inkulumo lokubhala-ncwadi-hlobo. Indawo ekhethekile kuhlala art isitayela ulimi etemibhalo. Lokhu kungenxa ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene isetshenziselwe ukudala izithombe umthelela ukwaziswa okulethwa yizinzwa bese abafundi engqondweni. Engingakusho nje uyindaba njengoba nomqondo isitayela yesayensi. Sihlanganisa ezahlukene ifomu izinhlobo zezincwadi, ezihlukahlukene kokuqukethwe kanye injongo. isitayela lesibonwa kolimi etemibhalo kubhekwa yekuchumana ncwadi yokudlulisela ulwazi. Senibheka ngalinye kulawa kabanzi.

Ifomu ngomlomo

Zonke izici zayo ehlukile akunakubangelwa ngokuphelele isitayela kukhulunywa. Nokho, lo mbono akufanele kudidaniswe kwencazelo "ngomlomo." Lesi sakamuva ubhekwa Kuyaziwa ngaphezulu. isitayela Esangxoxo yaqaphela ikakhulukazi olimini olukhulunywayo. Nokho, kungase futhi kube khona, kanye nezinye izinhlobo. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, kuzomele sifake umbiko, izinkulumo, imibiko njalo njalo.

imphawu letibalulekile

isitayela Esangxoxo kuyahluka kalula setfulo, imiva yakhe, concreteness. Umbhali uveza isimo sengqondo subjective ukuze ucacise. Ukuze indlela levamile libhekene ithonya ngqo izakhi extra-ngokolimi ezahlukene.

iqembu lucebe

Ziyakwazi kukhona ezimbili kuphela. Esokuqala olukhulunywa amagama ajwayelekile. Nazo ngokufanayo, yakha-iqembu sub nesigaba. Ngakho, ukwaba ulimi kwansuku eyayivame nokulotshwa kwalo. Nolimi lwabantu abavamile lokuqala eduze. Lesi sigaba siqukethe izigaba ezimbili. Eyokuqala lomdabu, esisogwini umngcele ukusetshenziswa kwezincwadi. Kuyinto abazalwa ikhipha engazinzile, ezifuywayo, abanye ukwazana. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvamile bathi esikhundleni okuthosiwe - amazambane esikhundleni Guilty - ukwenza ukushelela nokunye. Isigaba sesibili kuyinto, nolimi olubi nalangesiwo etemibhalo. Ngokwesibonelo, esikhundleni ukufuna - ukushayela phezulu, esikhundleni kokuzungeza - ukuzula lapho uthandaza, izule. Lesi sigaba kungabuye aphumelele, begodu amagama alumelayo kunjalo futhi babahlukumeze. Ngokwesibonelo, flunky, croak, okolet nabanye. esetshenziswa izakhi okunjalo kuvame, e-negative ukuphila isithombe imihlola. I iqeqebana sesibili sihlanganisa izigaba ezifana bomsebenzi (amagama ezinhlobo zezilwane, isibonelo, Brown Bear - Ovsyanik, nenqe muravyatnik nabanye) (. Izidindi zibe - amaprotheni izidindi zibe - Vecchio, njll), dialectisms, isitsotsi amazwi (nemvelo - emoyeni plain injabulo - Plaisir njll), silulumagama argoticheskih (abasha -. Salaga ukukhaphela - niziphihlize, njll) .... Abaningana impela isitsotsi amazwi uvele inkulumo kusukela lesigaba esibusayo ngisho nangaphambi inguquko. Ezinye zazo ziye zalondolozwa kusukela izakhi lumpen. Jargon isichazamazwi has a uxhumano nomphakathi izizukulwane ezithile zeminyaka yobudala. Ngokwesibonelo, intsha amazwi okuvamile okunjengokuthi "pair" (Deuce), "indlwana" nabanye. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezingeni echazwe ezahlukene esiphelweni endaweni ewumngcingo.

amagama avamile

Lena kwesigubhu main of indlela levamile. Kuhlanganisa izigaba ezimbili amazwi. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, nolimi lwabantu abavamile, futhi, eqinisweni, ngikhulumile. Lezi zigaba kukhona usondele ngokwanele nomunye - obukhona phakathi umugqa uketshezi kakhulu, ongagxilile futhi ngokuvamile ezicashile. Lokhu kuboniswa khona izimpawu ezahlukene izichazamazwi ezahlukene. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, amazwi anjengokuthi, "ngempela," "nokuzikhulula" kusichazamazwi esishoyo yohlobo Ushakov zikhulunywa, futhi kule ncwadi ka ulimi wesimanje etemibhalo Russian - ukuze lwabantu abavamile. Amanye ama-elementi afakwa uphawu double. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani elikhulu ulimi lwesigodi olulodwa bendlulela isigaba amazwi eyayivame.

Izici nolwamagama

Encwadini indlela levamile ubuswa amazwi izici ngokomzwelo-indlela abazizwa ngayo. Zingaba nothandekayo kuye, ngendelelo amancane, nabahlambalazayo, ukubhuqa nabanye. Kepha-syntax ke it libhekene incompleteness, ukweqiwa, inani elikhulu imisho akuphelele, ezinikezwa eziningi. Ezisetshenzisiwe ipulaki design, enjabulo, imibuzo, kuhlanganise mphendvulo, njengoba fingqa noma uhlobo izitatimende ngokomzwelo. Futhi esetshenziswa kombhala izingxenye ezahlukene yokukhuluma. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi tiphawulo e izincazelo indima ibinzana ibizo.

Ukucaciseka nokunemba zokubukwa

Izitayela ngolimi lwanamuhla Russian etemibhalo esetshenziswa zihlukene ezinakho. Ezinye izici elilodwa uhlobo isethulo ingatholakala abanye. Nokho, akubona bonke izitayela kolimi etemibhalo nihlanganyele. Ezinye ukudluliswa abezindaba azisebenzi omunye isigaba. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isikhulu-ibhizinisi isitayela kubhekwa avaliwe kunazo zonke. Sihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo imibhalo. Lokhu izincwadi zebhizinisi, futhi izenzo isikhulu sikahulumeni. Imithombo zingatholakala umehluko othile ngolimi. Bathembele injongo imibhalo ngokwabo. Nokho, naphezu phambi kwabo, lesi sitayela libhekene eziningi izici ezithile bebonke. Lezi zihlanganisa, ikakhulukazi, kufanele kufake ukunemba, ukuzwakala, kuphoqelekile, umnqopho kanye ukuphelela izitatimende, ngokucacile nokuphimisela ngokucacile kumagama. Konke lokhu izakhiwo ngenxa injongo eyinhloko imibhalo - ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza kolwazi emaqinisweni ongenambangi. Ukuze isitayela esisemthethweni futhi libhekene ngobufushane bomsebenzi isethulo, kanye namafomu ethize, owawuthi impahla itholakala.

Heterogeneity kwemibhalo

Ngaphandle standard ifomu ethize omunye iphepha baqale value abo angokomthetho. Leli qembu kungenzeka, isibonelo, zihlanganisa iphasiphothi. Okunye ephrintiwe njengesibonisi. amaphepha anjalo zihlanganisa, isibonelo, elinophawu. Kodwa abanye bangase bangabi nayo imali esezingeni amafomu ukumelana. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa imibiko, ibhizinisi izincwadi, imibiko, nokuningi.

Isethulo izici documentary

Ezingeni lucebe, ngokukhethekile, ukwethula amazwi eliyingqayizivele futhi phraseology, ezingenakho nezinye izitayela kolimi etemibhalo. Lezi zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo: bukhoma, umuntu (abantu), uma (inikezwe), ihlanganisa indawo (eziphilayo) kanye nabanye. Futhi ngenxa uncharacteristic imibhalo Umbala ngokomzwelo. Abanaso izakhi, okuyinto abacebile nezinye izitayela kolimi etemibhalo. Ngokwesibonelo, musa nabahlangana nemagama lomdabu. Kulesi uhlobo izifunda okwandile. Avame ukusetshenziswa tandziso denominative: ngezithukuthuku, ukuze, emkhakheni, kuthabathela ecaleni kanye nezinye nemabito ngamazwi. Sebenzisa ama-stencil, nezinye izitho zomzimba, kuyafaneleka kwezinye ezinhlotsheni zezindlela. Ukuze lolu hlobo, libhekene ukusetshenziswa "okusezingeni eliphezulu" silulumagama, izakhi ezingokomfanekiso kunokuba ngomqondo ongokoqobo. Ngokwesibonelo, amandla manje, omunye ashiywe. Batinikela inkulumo ukubaluleka kanye solemnity. Inani kwemibhalo uya khona ngamazwe esetshenziswa silulumagama aphelele. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhalazo popular ezifana: Nkosikazi, Mnumzane, Highnesses yabo nabanye.

Okwesibili, maqondana evaliwe uhlobo isethulo

Kulokhu sikhuluma isitayela yesayensi. Lihlanganisa izihloko ku kugxilwe kancane namajenali, zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele, inkomba kanye encyclopedic, ukukhiqizwa futhi lobuchwepheshe izincwadi zemfundo, izifushaniso, izichasiselo nezinye. The main izici isitayela yesayensi kufanele kuqala baphathe logic, abstract generality, ukunemba kanye umnqopho. Ukuziletha Imininingwane akuhloselwe kuleli cala bezibona yemizwa umsebenzisi. Nokho, kungaba izici ngokomzwelo elisetshenziswa isitayela yesayensi. Bathuthukisa ukuthembeka sitatimende temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, njengoba umehluko omkhulu ophakathi yesimo nesomile lelandzisako.

Isitayela yesayensi isiRashiya etemibhalo: izici jikelele kanye nezinhloso

Lokhu uhlobo libhekene saturation langempela impahla, banganhlanhlatsi ukunemba isethulo. Njengoba kuchazwa okuqukethwe yilezi incazelo izenzakalo of Empeleni, ukutadisha kwabo nencazelo. Isitayela yesayensi kolimi etemibhalo asetshenziswe bonakaliso imicabango ethile nemibandela ngalokho ababekusho. Lokhu ukuchayeka kwenzeka izinkinga ucwaningo ezahlukene uhlobo. Ngokuqondene nalokhu indatshana ingxenye enkulu iqukethe yokucabanga ubufakazi.

Luchumano incwadi uhlobo

Kumayelana isitayela lesibonwa. Lokhu uhlobo kuyinto heterogeneous kakhulu. Iqukethe izakhi ukuthi unezinye izitayela ngolimi lwanamuhla Russian etemibhalo. Phakathi izici eziyinhloko uhlobo kuyafaneleka ukuvumelana, faktografichnost, othize, ukugcwaliswa ulwazi futhi isisusa isethulo, banganhlanhlatsi imiva, emotionality.

Imisebenzi esemqoka uhlobo yekuchumana

isitayela lesibonwa elikhuthaza sphere ngemibono kanye nezombusazwe. Uhlobo ihlose ngokushesha, ngokunembile, futhi iyatholakala ukuze utshele abantu ngezenzakalo ezibalulekile eziye zenzeka phesheya futhi ngaphakathi ezweni, babe kanye bakubiza siqakathekile kuya emelelwa nomthelela umfundi. Ngamanye amazwi, journalism iyindlela ze mass nolwazi. Faktografichnost, umsebenzi ngekulandzelana ulwazi uhlobo nesandla ukusetshenziswa kabanzi iziphakamiso zayo, ukubika noma yini (Eqinisweni noma umcimbi). Causative, imiva, emotionality imbangela isicelo ka syntactic futhi lucebe phraseology izindlela. Wakuqaphela lokhu uhlobo kumabonakude, ngezinto ezinyathelisiwe, umsakazo, izinkulumo zezombusazwe. isitayela Newspaper-lesibonwa yokubhala counterpoint ezahlukene. Ezinye zazo yilezi ifomu oluhlanzekile uhlobo. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, zihlanganisa i Uhlolojikelele, ukubuyekeza, nokubika. Abanye bangase umkhawulo ku ukulandisa kwezobuciko. Ngokwesibonelo, lampoon, iphamfulethi indzaba. Abanye ifa izici izincwadi ezisemthethweni ibhizinisi. Le ndlela sethulo sici yokuhlela.

Izimiso eziyinhloko kwesethulo yekuchumana

Ukuze uhlobo libhekene ukusetshenziswa zenhlalakahle kanye nokuhlolwa kolimi izindlela. Ephephandabeni publicism lwenteke eziyinkimbinkimbi organic emise okunengqondo waqala ukusebenza ubufakazi nokucabangisisa ezimise ngokucacile. Kule ndaba, iphephandaba kungabonwa inhlanganisela informativeness, imizwelo saziso kanye logic, ukuhlolwa. Iphinde libonisa ubunye eziningi Amathrendi okungafani. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, orientation inkulumo Standardization kanye isicelo pad kulolu hlangothi, kanye nokuvulwa uyalandisa, isifiso ukubonakaliswa kwamakhono ezinye.

ezingeni syntactic

isitayela lesibonwa libhekene lula design, oda izinhlobo lelandzisako, ngempela kombhala njalo izakhi sesiphakamiso, okuyinto senze njengoba isikhungo okunomqondo imishwana. Iphinde kusebenza zamagama esankondlo izithako: epiphora, anaphora, imibuto lengafuni mphendvulo nokuningi. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngokucacile ukuyaluza ze izincwadi. Isitayela lesibonwa esetshenziswa futhi izakhi-syntax kukhulunywa. Enough kubhekwa ethize isesimweni yokuhlela. Lokhu ukulandisa material samanje kubalulekile kumaGreki futhi ngokomqondo wezombusazwe, kodwa futhi siyingozi izinkinga nge ukubaluleka ngamazwe nezikazwelonke. Kuyinto ezihlukahlukene futhi indaba. Lokhu uhlobo ubhekwa umngcele phakathi izincwadi kwezobuciko futhi kuchumana. Endabeni khona wayezizwa ephansi kubonakale authorial "Mina", iphamfulethi, lampoon, okuncike isimo sengqondo satirical iqiniso futhi ukuhlolwa ngqo yezinto ezimbi. Lokhu kuchaza ukusetshenziswa izindlela ngokomzwelo futhi ekhululekile. Uhlobo esebenzisa izakhi ezahlukene ukuthi babe izitayela ezahlukene isiRashiya etemibhalo. Uma thina elichaza iyonke, singasho ukuthi izinhlelo ezahlukene ugqozi, ukusetshenziswa izingxenye nge incazelo semantic, ekhululekile-eyisibonelo incwadi izingxenye Kuhlangana futhi ukukhuluma. Lokhu, kuholela ezihlukahlukene Looseness wesitayela kusho yokukhuluma.

isitayela yobuciko: umbono jikelele

Lo mqondo kuyadida kakhulu. Kuyo kukhona isitayela eziyinkimbinkimbi nolimi somlobi. By yokugcina kumelwe liqondwe labo amayunithi ngokolimi, okuyinto ugcwele ngombhalo. Izitayela kolimi etemibhalo esetshenziswa umbhali ekwakhiweni elandisayo, vumela ukuba yabonisa imicabango yakhe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Phakathi izici uhlobo kufanele ugcizelele ubunye yobuhle yekuchumana imisebenzi. Lokhu kungenxa umsebenzi ezimbili eyenza eqanjiwe. Ikakhulukazi, kusho hhayi kuphela umlandzi, kodwa futhi wenza nomthelela umfundi. Futhi lisho izimfanelo ukwehluka uhlobo izimali. Kungasetshenziswa izakhi ukuthi unezinye izitayela ngolimi lwanamuhla etemibhalo. imizila kanye nezinye luzwakala yokukhuluma futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhona futhi umfanekiso umlobi. Indaba kubonakala ubuntu bakhe, indlela abheka ngayo izinto, indlela esiqonda, ngenxa yobuhle nokusikwa ukubukwa ngemibono.

izici zayo kwesethulo

Rhythmic inkulumo asinazo izithombe eyinqaba, ubumbaxambili amazwi, amandla semantic, emotionality. amasu Uhlobo esetshenziswa namathuluzi angaphansi ukudalulwa ezithile ukuba akhulelwe ngemibono umsebenzi. Nazo ngokufanayo, kunqunywa nenshisekelo zibheke izakhi esetshenziswa ngumlobi. Uhlaziyo isethulo, kufanele kudalulwe izici amafomu ngamazwi ukuveza okuqukethwe ngemibono. uhlobo Okubukwe ubhekwa wehlukile futhi wenziwa endaweni ebanzi kunalokho ezinye izitayela isiRashiya etemibhalo. Akukhona nje iqoqo amasu kanye eka- ebaluleke kakhulu ukucabanga engokomfanekiso senkondlo. Kuzo zonke izici, okuyizinto izitayela eyinhloko ulimi tetemibhalo, umlobi ukhetha lezo idinga ukudalula sakhethwa.

Isithombe uhlobo

Kumiswa It is uhlobo hhayi kuphela ukusetshenziswa nezincazelo engokomfanekiso amazwi kanye nezindlela ezithile lucebe futhi syntactic. Indima ebalulekile kungase kusho stylistically kokungathathi hlangothi eyakhe. Amandla esankondlo imagery ngokuvamile imishwana akhethekile isigubhu izingxenye ezisemqoka. Ziyakwazi izakhi elula abe namandla amakhulu. Njengoba isibonelo bangaphakela imisebenzi ehlukahlukene laseChekhov Pushkina. Lokho abakushoyo ezivamile akha umfanekiso onamandla. Okuningi ekhululekile futhi kungase kudingeke amafomu lwetakhi telulwimi namasu syntactic. Ukuze wakhe owakho izithombe isetshenziswa, ngaleyo ndlela ezimbili izinhlobo izindlela. Lena ngokuyinhloko izindlela lokhu kungenxa yolimi ngokwalo. Lezi zihlanganisa izibalo futhi izindlela yebizo, semantic futhi poeticisms lucebe. Okwesibili, lezi izakhi ezibhekwa ngokuvamile engathathi hlangothi ngolimi, kodwa isakhiwo lelandzisako, zingabantu okwenyanga. isitayela ngamunye zokubukwa ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi ukwakheka lucebe futhi nodaba.