Izinsiza zokucindezela izinkinga: incazelo, incwadi yomsebenzisi, imininingwane kanye nokubuyekezwa

Ama-gear gauge amadivaysi aguqulela ukuchithwa kokulinganisa okulinganiselwe kwesibonakaliso sogesi. Lokhu kungenxa yokushintsha kokumelana nomqhubi wenzwa lapho ubukhulu bayo be-geometri buyashintsha kusuka ekusweleni noma ukucindezela.

Ukuzizwa kwenhliziyo: isimiso sokusebenza

Into esemqoka yedivaysi i-gage ye-strain esetshenziselwa isakhiwo esibanzi. Amangqamuzana omthwalo alinganiselwe, alayishwe ngokulinganayo ngamandla anikeziwe anikeziwe futhi alinganisa ukumelana kagesi. Khona-ke ngokuguqulwa kwalo kuyokwenzeka ukunquma izindinganiso zomthwalo ongaziwa osetshenzisiwe kanye ne-deformation ehambisana nayo.

Kuye ngohlobo lwezinzwa, ungakwazi ukukala:

• Qinisa;
• Ukucindezela;
• Ukuhamba;
• Umzuzwana ophikisayo;
• Ukusheshisa.

Ngisho nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu sokulayisha isakhiwo, isenzo se-gage gage sinciphisa ukusula noma ukucindezela i-lattice yayo nesigaba eside esibizwa ngokuthi isisekelo.

Yiziphi gauges zokuxilongwa ezisetshenziselwa?

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokulinganisa i-strain ngezinguquko ekuphikeleni okusebenzayo ngaphansi kwesenzo somshini yizilinganiso zezinkinga.

I-gauge ye-strain gauges

Isibonelo esilula siyingxenye eqondile yocingo elincanyana, elihlanganiswe nengxenye ekucwaningweni. Ukuphikiswa kwayo yi: r = pL / s, lapho i-resistivity, L ubude, futhi s iyindawo engezansi.

I-wire ehlanganisiwe ikhubazekile kanye ne-workpiece. Lokhu kushintsha ubukhulu bayo be-geometri. Uma ucindezelekile, ingxenye yesiphambano yomqhubi uyanda, futhi uma isuleziwe, iyancipha. Ngakho-ke, ushintsho lokumelana nokuguquka kusayina kuye ngokuqondisa kokuguquguquka. Isici sihambisana.

Ukuzwela okuphansi kwe-gage gage kwabangela isidingo sokwandisa ubude benethiwekhi esigabeni esincane sokulinganisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lenziwe ngesimo se-spiral (lattice) eyenziwe yocingo, siboshwe ezinhlangothini zombili ngamacwecwe okugxila embukisweni we-lacquer noma iphepha. Ukuze uxhumane nesifunda kagesi idivayisi ifakwe izintambo ezimbili zethusi. Zigcwele noma zithengiswa kuze kube semikhawulweni yocingo yokuvunguza futhi ziqinile ngokwanele ukuxhuma esifundeni kagesi. I-gage ye-strain ifakwe kwisakhi esinqunyiwe noma ingxenye okufanele ihlolwe nge-adhesive.

I-gauge ye-strain gauges inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• Ukulula komklamo;
• Ukuxhomeka komugqa ohambweni;
• Usayizi omncane;
• Intengo ephansi.

Izinkinga zihlanganisa ukuzwela okuphansi, ithonya lokushisa kwemvelo, isidingo sokuvikelwa emanzini, nokusebenza kuphela emkhakheni wokuguqulwa kokuqina.

Ucingo luzoqeda uma amandla okubambisana we-adhesive angaphezu kwamandla adingekayo ekusweleni. Isilinganiso sobuso bokubambisana endaweni engaphansi kwesigaba kufanele sibe yi-160 kuya ku-200, ehambisana nobubanzi bayo buka 0.02-0.025 mm. Kungenzeka ukwandise ibe ngu-0.05 mm. Khona-ke, ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile kwe-gage gage, i-layer adhesive ayiwi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzwa isebenza kahle ngokucindezela, ngoba izintambo zocingo zihambisana nefilimu yokunamathisela kanye nengxenye.

Ama-gauge we-strap kusuka ku-foil

Amapharamitha kanye nesimiso sesenzo se-foil strain strap afana nalawo amathenda we-wire. Okuwukuphela kwento ewubuciko be-nichrome, i-constantan noma i-titanium-aluminium. Ubuchwepheshe be-photolithography kwenza kube lula ukuthola ukumiswa kwe-lattice okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi uguqule inqubo.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nocingo, i-foil ye-gauge ye-gauge ye-strain izwela kakhudlwana, idlulisa okwamanje kakhulu, i-deformation yokudlulisa kangcono, iziphetho ezinamandla nokudweba okunzima kakhulu.

Ama-gauge we-strain gauge

Ubuzwe bezinzwa ziphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwekhulu kunombambo, okwenza kube lula ukuwasebenzisa ngaphandle kwama-amplifiers. Izinkinga ziyi-fragility, ukuxhomeka okukhulu ekushiseni okumangalisayo kanye nemingcele ehlukahlukene.

Izitayela ze-gages strain

1. Isisekelo - ubude bomqhubi we-lattice (0.2-150 mm).
2. I-R-resistance yokumelana no-R iyinani lokumelana okusebenzayo (10-1000 Ohm).
3. Ukusebenza kwamanje I _p kuyimanje lapho i-gage ye-strain ingabheki kahle. Uma kwenzeka ukushisa, izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo ezibucayi, i-substrate nesendlalelo sokunamathisela, okuphazamisa ukufundwa, ushintsho.
4. I-coefficient of sensitivity yilezi: s = (ΔR / R) / (ΔL / L), lapho uR and L kukhona ukumelana kagesi kanye nobude be-sensor elayishiwe, ngokulandelana; I-ΔR ne-ATA - ushintsho lokumelana nokususwa kwamandla angaphandle. Ngokwezinto ezihlukene, kungaba ngcono (R kwandisa ngokusula) futhi kubi (R kwandisa ngokucindezela). Inani le s for izinsimbi ezahlukene lihluka kusuka -12.6 kuya +6.

Amasu okufakwa kwamanjini wezinhlamvu

Ukukala amasignali amancane kagesi, indlela engcono kakhulu iyinhlangano yokushintsha ibhuloho, ephakathi nendawo ye-voltmeter. Isibonelo esilula siyi-sensor-gage sensor, isifunda esihlanganiswe ngesimiso sebhuloho kagesi, komunye wamahlombe akhe axhunyiwe. Ukumelana kwawo endaweni elayishiwe kuyoba okufanayo nakwezinye izimpikiswano. Kulesi simo, ithuluzi lizobonisa i-voltage zero. Isimiso senzwa ye-tensometric ukukhulisa noma ukunciphisa inani lokumelana kwalo, kuye ngokuthi ngabe amandla aphikisana noma aphikisana.

Ukunemba kokufundwa kuthinteka kakhulu ekushiseni kwe-gage gage. Uma ufaka ukuphikisa okufanayo kwe-tensor kwenye ingalo yebhuloho, engeke ilayishwe, izokwenza umsebenzi wokubuyisela imiphumela yemiphumela evuthayo.

Esikhathini sesilinganiso sokulinganisa, ukumelana kwamagesi wezingcingo ezixhunywe kumelana kufanele kuhlolwe futhi. Ithonya labo liyancipha ngokufaka ucingo olulodwa oluxhunywe ekuholeni okunye kwe-gauge ye-strap kanye ne-voltmeter.

Uma lezi zakhi ezimbili zihlanganisiwe kulesici esinqunyiwe ngendlela yokuthi imithwalo yabo ihluke ngesibonakaliso, isignali izokwandiswa yi-factor 2. Uma kunezinzwa ezine esifundeni nemithwalo ekhonjisiwe embonweni ongaphezulu ngenhla imicibisholo, ukuzwela kuyokwandisa kakhulu. Ngalokhu kuhlanganiswa kwe-wire or foil gauge gauge i-microammeter evamile iyonikeza inkomba ngaphandle kwe-amplifier yamaseli kagesi. Kubalulekile ukufanisa ngokunembile amagugu wokumelana ne-multimeter ukuze alinganise engxenyeni ngayinye yebhuloho kagesi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-gauge ye-strain kwezobuchwepheshe

1. Ingxenye yokwakheka kwesilinganiso: ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, umzimba we-sensor uhlakazekile, futhi kanye nawo ama gauge okuxhumene nawo axhunyiwe kwisifunda. Isignali kagesi idluliselwa kudivayisi yokulinganisa.
2. Ukuqapha isimo sokucindezeleka kwezakhiwo zokwakha nezakhiwo zobunjiniyela ngenkathi kulungiswa nokusebenza kwazo.
3. Izilinganiso zokucindezela ukulinganisa amandla okucindezela ekwelapheni izinsimbi ngokucindezelwa ekugumbini kwemishini kanye nokunyathelisa imishini yokunyathelisa.
4. Izinzwa zokushisa eziphezulu ze-metallurgical nezinye amabhizinisi.
5. Inzwa yokulinganisa nge-elastic element ye-stainless steel yokusebenza endaweni enonya.

Ama-standard gauge strain ayenziwa ngendlela yama-washers, amakholomu, imishayo elula noma ephakathi, efana no-S. Kuzo zonke izinkomba, kubalulekile ukuthi amandla asetshenziswe ngenye indlela: kusukela phezulu kuya phansi noma ngokuphambene nalokho. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zokusebenza, imiklamo ekhethekile yenza kube lula ukuqeda umphumela wamandla emvelo. Izintengo zabo ngokuyinhloko zixhomeke kulokhu.

On the gauges ukulinganisa intengo ivela amakhulu ruble kuya amakhulu ezinkulungwane. Okuningi kuxhomeke kumkhiqizi, ukuklama, izinto zokwakha, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, izindinganiso zemingcele elinganisiwe, imishini eyengeziwe yemishini. Ngokuyinhloko, yizingxenye ezilinganayo zezilinganiso zezinhlobo ezahlukene.

Isiphetho

Isimiso sokusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-gauge sisekelwe ekuguqulweni kwe-deformation ye-element elashekile kwisignali kagesi. Ngezinhloso ezehlukene, kunezinkampani ezihlukahlukene zensiza. Uma i-gauge ye-strain ikhethiwe, kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi kukhona yini isinxephezelo kuma-circuits ekufundeni okungaqondakali kokushisa kanye nemithonya yamagciwane asempilweni.