Izingxenye kanye nemikhiqizo yegazi

Imithi etholakala ngokuqondile igazi uqobo, ngokuthi ngemikhiqizo yegazi. I amafraktjhini kungase kakhulu ukwandisa imingcele ukwelapha ngezakhi zofuzo, futhi okubaluleke - enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise ethize igazi plasma izingxenye, okuyinto abe negalelo. imikhiqizo Igazi zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu: isenzo eziyinkimbinkimbi, immunoglobulin, ayisiza (immunologically esebenzayo) kanye hemostatic.

Amalungiselelo isinyathelo eziyinkimbinkimbi. plasma

isenzo izidakamizwa eziyinkimbinkimbi zihlanganisa i-plasma bese-albumin. Umthelela - ukuhlinzeka kokubili hemodynamic futhi antishock senzo. Fresh-plasma eqandisiwe is fully azigcina zonke izici, ngakho ukusebenzisa kwayo okufaneleka kakhulu kunokunye. Zikhona nezinye izinhlobo plasma: ezomile (iqhwa-obomile) kanye ketshezi (bomdabu). Phakathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, bona kakhulu ukulahlekelwa ukuphulukisa yabo izakhiwo, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwabo akuyona kahle. Fresh eqandisiwe etholwe plasmapheresis noma centrifugation igazi lilonke, okokuqandisa kwenzeka ngemva nokuqoqwa kwegazi esibuya yokuqala 1-2 amahora. Elondolozwe eqandisiwe igazi amalungiselelo kungaba enyakeni owodwa at okushisa ka-1 kuya ku-25 degrees noma ngezansi. Phakathi nale nkathi, bonke agcinwe plasma ezijiyisa igazi, izingxenye fibrinolysis anticoagulants.

Ukulungiselela i-plasma ukumpontshelwa

igazi yizidakamizwa kuyisifo fresh plasma eqandisiwe. Ngaphambi kokuqala igazi, kubalulekile ukuba alungiselele izidakamizwa. Plasma ukuthi incibilikiswa emanzini afudumele kabani lokushisa akayena ezingaphezu kuka 37-38 degrees. isikhwama Plastikatny nge biomaterial ungakwazi yokwelula izandla zabo kusheshiswe umsebenzi. Ngokuhambisana imiyalelo enamathiselwe, plasma incibilikiswa kufanele lithululwe phezu ehoreni elilandelayo. Ngemva ukulungiselela kungase kubangele ishq fibrin, kodwa akuvimbeli ngokusebenzisa ukumpontshelwa plastikatnye ejwayelekile izinhlelo anemisila izihlungi.

Awukwazi uthele plasma uma kutholakala amahlule omkhulu, ingaphazamisi abalulekile - kuwubufakazi bokuthi umuthi eliphansi. Gwema okokuqandisa ephindaphindwayo futhi incibilikiswa fresh plasma eqandisiwe.

Umuthi is zalo kuvela egazini labantu akufanele wathela komunye isikhwama iziguli eziningana. Futhi, i-plasma ayikwazi inqubo okwalandela ngemva isikhwama plastikatny ukuthi depressurized. Uma sensebilizirovan isiguli ekuphathweni parenteral izenzo amaprotheni, kuba esiphikisayo uthele fresh eqandisiwe plasma yegazi. Ukuvimbela ukusabela sokugembula ukuthatha amasampula yemvelo, kanye ukumpontshelwa igazi.

ukumpontshelwa

Fresh-plasma eqandisiwe, elithululelwa isiguli kufanele kusekelwe encwadini umuntu ngegazi iqembu efanayo isiguli, ngokuvumelana AB0 uhlelo. Esimeni esiphuthumayo, uma kungekho-plasma odnogruppnoy, inhlanganisela elandelayo abavunyelwe:

• Plasma: Group A (II) - isiguli: lwegazi 0 (I)
• Plasma: Eqenjini (III) - isiguli: lwegazi 0 (I)
• Plasma: iqembu AB (IV) - isiguli: igazi iyiphi.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-kwedivayisi qembu ngeke kwenziwe. imikhiqizo yegazi (ukumpontshelwa plasma) kuboniswe ku:

• syndromes trombogemorragicheskih
• ashise iziguli,
• izinqubo ukonakala,
• oluhambisana diathesis: kuhlanganise hemophilia uhlobo A no-B,
• wayichoboza syndromes,
• ngesikhathi nokopha mass (phezu 25%), i-plasma ukumpontshelwa ne amangqamuzana abomvu oluhambisana mass.

Osetshenziswayo futhi fresh-plasma eqandisiwe ekwelapheni iziguli ezine thrombosis yansukuzonke imithambo yegazi, ngokuvamile on isizinda streptokinase noma amanye amalungiselelo fibrinolytic.

albumin

Okunjalo imikhiqizo izidakamizwa igazi anjenge-albumin, ayatholakala njengoba izixazululo emakamu 5, 10 no-20%. Amaphrotheni liyasetshenziswa kanye albumin ukuhlanzwa, ngaleyo ndlela-ke iqukethe alpha ne-beta-globulin agoma. isixazululo albumin emva isingeniso therein we stabilizers zingamelana pasteurization. Futhi kuyasiza okunqanda amagciwane e-HIV kanye ne-hepatitis. Albumin isetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene ukushaqeka - kuhlinzwa, kuyashaqisa, ukusha. Iphathwe ukuvuvukala salo, esiwulwazi zibangelwa iziyaluyalu lichaza ekwakheni amaprotheni igazi, nge ukulahlekelwa enkulu albumin esibindini (ascites, isifo sokuqina kwesibindi ukusha). Albumin izixazululo kanzulu asetshenziswa lapho kubalulekile ukuze kukhawulwe ivolumu okusamanzi busuka i umzimba (ngokwehluleka inhliziyo, edema palsy).

5% lokuhlushwa ukulungiselela igazi (albumin) isetshenziselwa ukopha uma kudingeka ukuzinza wegazi. Lapho bengena albumin ephawulekayo igazi ukulahleka kufanele kuhlanganiswe ukumpontshelwa amangqamuzana abomvu. Ngo-albumin ezingane njalo kunazo esetshenziswa njengoba isixazululo 10%.

immunoglobulin

imikhiqizo yegazi Imithi - immunoglobulin - bakha iqembu elikhulu amalungiselelo immunological. Bahlale abakhuthele ekulweni nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ngo umkhuba emtholampilo, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa i-gamma globulin. imikhiqizo ethile abe nezinguqulo nomphumela oqabulayo, baqondiselwa ngokumelene ngqi, encephalitis umkhaza ezithwalwa, Umkhuhlane nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo.

Kusebenza kakhulu immunoglobulin ekwelapheni idiopathic purpura thrombocytopenic. Izidakamizwa kuleli qembu iphathwa intramuscularly. Greater umphumela umkhiqizo immunoglobulin, ayisiza okumsulwa iphathwa ngemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaprotheni ngokushesha ingena egazini aluphumeleli esiteji ukugaya nge izicubu proteases.

izidakamizwa Hemostatic yezifo yegazi

izidakamizwa Hemostatic - a fibrinogen protrombirovanny cryoprecipitate eziyinkimbinkimbi. Esikhathini yokugcina iqukethe semali Antihemophilic globulin (okwehlukile - VIII-coagulation isici) kanye von Willebrand isici, fibrinogen futhi isici XIII-fibrinstabiliziruyuschego nezinye amaprotheni elonakalisayo. Le mithi ziyatholakala ukwelashwa ngegazi e izikhwama zepulasitiki, izitsha eziyisikhombisa e omisiwe noma simisiwe. Asetshenziswa von Willebrand isifo, hemophilia A kanye nezinye izinhlobo ukopha.

Yiziphi imikhiqizo igazi elisetshenziswa isifo oluhambisana ngayo lapho usana, hemophilia B, ukweqisa izidakamizwa of anticoagulants? Kulezi zimo protrombirovanny eziyinkimbinkimbi isetshenziswa (CSF noma PPSB). Uma engekho, owethulwa fresh plasma eqandisiwe.

Fibrinogen has a ububanzi elilinganiselwe isicelo, isetshenziswa kuphela ukopha, okuyinto imbangela fibrinogen ukuntula. Ezimweni hypofibrinogenaemia, okuyinto ngenxa thrombus syndrome, esikhundleni amaprotheni kungekho nto enemibala emihle ekhiqizwa fresh plasma eqandisiwe. fibrinogen ukuhlanzwa akusho silinganise ne coagulants yemvelo kanye esegazini okufanele abekeke coagulation, futhi lokhu kungaba ngcono ukwehluleka kwezinso nokwamaphaphu. Ukuze wenze i eshodayo wathi ingxenye, kungcono ukusebenzisa plasma.

Haemostatics isicelo ihlelwe ngokulandelana kwezihloko

Same indlela imikhiqizo yegazi yethulwe ikakhulu ngemithambo yegazi, nakuba kukhona iqembu ejenti hemostatic ukuthi zisetshenziswa ihlelwe ngokulandelana kwezihloko - ngenkathi kokuma ukopha zangaphandle, okungase kwenzeke phakathi nokuhlinzwa. ejenti ezinjalo zihlanganisa isipanji hemostatic, ifilimu fibrin, thrombin, swab isinqandakuvunda, nezinye begazi. Umthelela eliyisisekelo has thrombin. Kubangela kumiswa amahlule ukuthi thrombosing lumens yegazi emkhakheni ebangela ukopha. esebenza kahle kakhulu ukusetshenziswa hemostatics ngoba hemostasis e parenchymal izitho ezilimele evele.

Fibrin izipanji namafilimu sibonga izakhiwo zalo mechanical, isetshenziswa hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa izitobhi ukopha. Njengoba ukwaziswa plastic, baye esetshenziswa ekwelapheni izilonda emithambo yegazi, betshisa. Ngo neurosurgery fibrin ifilimu advantageously esetshenziswa ukuntula esikhundleni laseDura.

Ngaphandle amalungiselelo ngenhla, kukhona labo babe izakhiwo ukuvuselela futhi antianemic. Lezi zihlanganisa i-bio-stimulator "Polibiolin" futhi "ERIGO".

izifo semithambo

kuphakama izimo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo semithambo ezimeni ukulahlekelwa nezimo lapho beba ziyaqothuka noma iphulwe ngenxa ekuqongeleleni ubuthi kubo. Kukhona lezi zifo ezilandelayo: migraine, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi okungabangela unhlangothi, dystonia semithambo. Ngasiphi yobudala, ukulahlekelwa kuyaqina imithambo yegazi kanye isimiso sabo isiguli ihlangabezana zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• inkumbulo ukungakhuli futhi uhlale uphapheme sengqondo;
• thuthuva ubuthongo;
• ukuthuthukiswa zokucindezeleka, Ukuwohloka morale;
• ndikindiki;
• ukukhathala okungamahlalakhona;
• isiyezi njalo.

Futhi abangele ukungasebenzi izitsha bangaba emgogodleni ukulimala kanye osteochondrosis wesibeletho. Kulokhu, kungenzeka lilimele Umthambo vertebral ukuthi feeds ubuchopho. Okokuqala udinga ukuthola imbangela futhi, okungukuthi, ukuba aphathe yomgogodla, bese ukubhekana izitsha: .. Izidakamizwa kuphela akhulule okwesikhashana izimpawu ezibuhlungu.

Izidakamizwa ngoba imithambo yegazi

Amalungiselelo ekwelapheni izitsha inhliziyo negazi zobuchopho zihlukile, konke kuncike isimiso isinyathelo. Wonke umuntu ububanzi yabo kwezicelo. Iqembu ethandwa kakhulu izidakamizwa abhekwa izixazululo nokujikeleza kwegazi cerebral, dilatation semithambo. Hlukanisa lezi izidakamizwa ngezigaba ezintathu:

• myotropic (ephumula imisipha bushelelezi) - kuyinto "Dibazol", "Eufillin";
• neurotropic (nemiphumela njengoba amangqamuzana ezinzwa e) - a "reserpine", "Validol";
• nitrate (inhlanganisela izimiso ezimbili isinyathelo) - kuyinto "Nitrosorbit", "nitroglycerin".

Kuye ukwakheka kanye has umphumela amaqembu ambalwa ayesezindaweni ezingazodwa:

• Calcium blocker. Calcium ion, okuyinto enze imithambo yegazi siphuka kalula, kanzima futhi abangele olugcwele. Iningi le mithi ukuze nokujikeleza kwegazi cerebral palsy. Izifo zenhliziyo akufanele zisetshenziswe. Calcium blocker zihlukaniswa izizukulwane ezintathu. Eyokuqala kusekelwe izingxenye ezintathu ezisemqoka (nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem). Ukuze yesibili izidakamizwa sizukulwane "Klentiazem", "tiapamil", "Nimodipine". Kanti eyesithathu "Amlodipine" "Norvasc". Izinzuzo yokugcina ukuthi banayo ayinayo imiphumela eminingi engemihle kukhona abakhethayo futhi isikhathi eside.
• Imithi plant-based. The main inzuzo - ubuncane contraindications engemihle. Ukuqeda zibe. Thuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi.
• Amalungiselelo equkethe nicotinic acid, kusiza ukunciphisa cholesterol egazini, ukunciphisa ingozi qwembe kumiswa. Kuphumelele mayelana izitsha ezinkulu igazi, kuthinte capillary encane. Lezi imithi kumele athathwe kuphela kadokotela ekwelapheni, ngoba zimbi isibindi (nicotinic acid, "Enduratin").
• Inhliziyo imithi. izidakamizwa ezinjalo ukuthuthukisa ingqondo nokudla umsebenzi inhliziyo kanyekanye kujwayeleke izitsha yenhliziyo. Made ngesisekelo lily esigodini, foxglove, Adonis ( "Amrinon", "Kardiovalen", "adonizid").

Okunye izidakamizwa ekwelapheni zegazi ezibangelwa

Ukulungiswa ushukela egazini ebalulekile yokwelapha izidakamizwa njengengxenye Kompeks nezenzakalo ezenzeka ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela. Akubona bonke abantu bayakwazi ukulondoloza evamile igazi glucose ezingeni ekudleni lesifanele nokwenza umzimba.

Abaphethwe isifo sikashukela kufanele uthathe aphoyintimenti izidakamizwa kadokotela wokuthi yehlisa ushukela egazini. Udokotela ngokuningiliziwe ezihlasimulisayo imithi oyinikiwe nesilinganiso lesifanele. ejenti hypoglycemic zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

• Izidakamizwa okuyinto kusebenze insulini kusukela amanyikwe.
• Izidakamizwa ukuthi ukwandisa insulini ukuzwela.
• Izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ukumuncwa carbohydrate.

Ethandwa kakhulu kukhona iqembu lokuqala izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ukukhiqizwa insulini ngu kwamanyikwe, okuholela ukuncipha amazinga kashukela egazini. Lezi zihlanganisa "Amarin", "Manini", "Novonorm", "Diabeton". Le mithi kufanele libekwe kuphela udokotela. Every body ihlukile, abantu basabela ngendlela ehlukile. Ezinye ungazizwa nomphumela oqabulayo, ushukela egazini uhlala ezingeni elifanayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela kufanele ubuyekeze ukwelashwa futhi zibeka neminye imithi noma ashintshe isilinganiso semithi oyidlayo.

imikhiqizo Iron ngenxa yegazi. Nokushoda zensimbi egazini akakwazi yakha ngenani elithandekayo elithwala umoya-mpilo, onikeza Inqubo yokudlulisa erythrocyte oksijini evela emaphashini bonke kwezicubu. Iza-mpilo indlala. Umphumela walesi - anemia. izidakamizwa Modern ukuthi ngcono igazi asetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sokulahlekelwa igazi, aqukethe ukubunjwa yabo lemali edingekayo yensimbi, okuyinto ukwazi ukubuyisela hematopoiesis evamile. Nge ukudla akunakwenzeka kuzuzwe nomphumela okusheshayo ezinjalo. Drug umthamo yensimbi idlula nokwenziwa kungenzeka yenani nsuku Ferrum umzimba izikhathi ezingu-20. Ngakho ezama ukugcwalisa insimbi nesimo isifo usebenzisa ukudla okunempilo kuphela ngeke kube nemiphumela ekahle oyifunayo. Sidinga imithi ekhethekile.

1. Kusho, okuyinto ekhona Ukwakheka ngesimo ayoni sulfate nosawoti, equkethe amavithamini ezingaba kugayeke futhi ukumuncwa enkompolo oyifunayo. Izidakamizwa ethandwa kakhulu yilezi:

• iphilisi "Tardiferron", "Sorbifer durules";
• Amaphilisi Abonayo "Ferrofolgamma" "Ferretab" "Fenyuls";
• Amaphilisi Abonayo izingane, isiraphu, lehla "Aktiferrin";
• inhlanganisela in isixazululo yensimbi gluconate, manganese ne-zinc - "Totem";
• Amaphilisi "gemofer";
• the uju owaziwa ewusizo "Hematogen".

2. ukuthaka imithi aqukethe yensimbi ferric. Isici ukusetshenziswa amalungiselelo anjalo ngesimo yensimbi hydroxide polimaltozata:

• amaphilisi "Ferrum Lek", "Maltofer", "Biofer";
• isixazululo isiraphu Drops "Fenyuls" "Maltofer" "Ferlatum";
• izixazululo ukuziphatha esicutshini "Ferrum Lek", "Maltofer", "Argeferr", "Venofer", "Kosmofer".

Imijovo asetshenziswa uma isiguli isifo pheshana emathunjini, izilonda emincane, kanye isibhamu ziboniswa nge ezinkulu ukopha. Ukuze umzila emthanjeni yokuphathwa zenzo ziwukubonakaliswa kungenzeka thrombophlebitis nokulungiselela.