Ixhuma nge-Ethernet: Amathiphu Imiyalelo

Kuze kube manje, uxhumano-Ethernet kusengathiwa ubuchwepheshe kuphela engase ngempela ilungele ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha zonke izinhlobo amasevisi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza. Yiqiniso, okungcono - isitha ezinhle, kodwa abantu kakhulu ngakho uzibophezele ekwenzeni kwi-Inthanethi eziqinile, ngokushesha futhi eshibhile, ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala sengathi akuyona. Ngakho, muva nje uvele futhi waqala ukuthola ubuchwepheshe obusha okwandile - abantu abaningi bakhetha ukusebenzisa uxhumano-Ethernet esikhundleni bendabuko izinketho zokuxhuma.

Konke kusha - eside ukhohliwe ubudala

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ubuchwepheshe ngempela ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa ngaphambi, kodwa muva nje, ochwepheshe aseqalile cabanga ke njengoba Analogue egcwele zamanje izinketho zokuxhuma - ekuqaleni njengomuntu ofana nabo futhi ukudlula isikhathi njengoba ethembisa kunazo zonke izindlela ezikhona kunethiwekhi idivayisi ukufinyelela. Indlela yokuthola Ochwepheshe Cisco Systems, imishini kabani ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa namuhla cishe zonke eziphambili ze-Internet, inzuzo enkulu lobu buchwepheshe wukuthi ukusebenzisa kwayo akuyona kuphela ukunikeza ukufinyelela kwi-Inthanethi, kodwa futhi ukunikeza ezahlukene amanye amasevisi kuhlanganise izwi, ukwakhiwa amanethiwekhi yenkampani, nabanye abaningi. Ngakho izindleko lesi sisombululo, lapho kubhekwa ngokuya yokusebenza nemali yokuqhuba, ezimweni eziningi, i kunenzuzo lincane uma ziqhathaniswa ubuchwepheshe ezivamile ezifana ATM / FR noma SDH.

isingeniso

Ngo parallel, kukhuphuke ukuncintisana phakathi opharetha okunye futhi bendabuko kumjikelezo sendawo lezi opharetha efanayo sebeqala nokwandisa inethiwekhi yabo ukuze ahlinzeke izindleko ngcono yokunikeza izinkonzo zalo kumsebenzisi wokugcina. Advantageously Ezimweni eziningi iphasela single, okubandakanya idatha, izwi, multimedia, kanye nokuhlinzekwa ukufinyelela okugcwele ku-inthanethi.

Futhi, abahlinzeki, ukuhlinzeka lwenethiwekhi nge-Ethernet, ungakwazi ukuheha amakhasimende amasha ngokusebenzisa izixazululo nge "esizayo-ubufakazi", usebenzisa inethiwekhi ehlukile architectures ukuthi ingasetshenziswa nokukhula ngokushesha izicelo ezidinga okusezingeni eliphezulu bandwidth, kuhlanganise ne-IP kwezobunhloli, kanye ezihlukahlukene izicelo multimedia .

DSL nokuwa yayo

Kusukela 2000 e-Europe waqala waba impumelelo yangempela emkhakheni ukufinyelela broadband, futhi opharetha abaningi baye baqala ukunikela inkonzo yabo asebenzayo DSL, futhi abanye babo uyeke ulawula ngokuphelele iziteshi zalo zokubhalisa ngenhloso ukunikeza ukufinyelela nezinye opharetha okunye. Modern ikhebula opharetha aseqalile akusebenzise ikhebula modems ukunikeza amakhasimende ayo kanye namasevisi kuhlanganiswe Internet kanye cable ithelevishini, futhi uhulumeni cishe ngokushesha waqala ukuthengisa endalini ilayisensi ukuhlinzekwa kwe-broadband FWA.

I-Ethernet - isixazululo jikelele

Ngemva bajabula ku DSL ubuchwepheshe, kanye nokusetshenziswa ikhebula modems ukunikeza broadband wafa kude, ukunakwa zikhokhelwe nezindaba ukusebenza, yezobuchwepheshe, lwenhlangano zomthetho eziphathelene lawa masevisi. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo ngokuqhubekayo esikhulayo komkhawulokudonsa kakhulu, njengoba labo abahlinzeka, futhi imishini abahlinzeki ngokwethukela waqala cabanga inketho ehlukile ukufinyelela broadband - uxhumano-Ethernet usebenzisa fibre optic ikhebula.

Uyini-Ethernet?

Isixazululo is ukusakaza inkulumo, izithombe kanye nedatha ahlukahlukene ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-Ethernet i elula kakhulu, kodwa ayibizi kakhulu. A inzuzo eziyingqayizivele lesi sisombululo wukuthi ukusebenzisa kwayo nge-fibre optical njengoba osebenzelana ukusakaza kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba sifinyelele ukufinyelela Gigabit ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi ngokuqondile ezakhiweni amaklayenti ngokwabo.

Indlela ukuxhuma lezi amanethiwekhi?

Emadolobheni yesimanje kukhona inani elikhulu izakhiwo ukuthi zinhle kakhulu ukuba nabahlinzeka ngemisebenzi inethiwekhi - kuthiwa amapaki commercial ibhizinisi, ihhovisi izakhiwo, emafulethini, amanyuvesi kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ezifanayo. Ukuze sinikeze uxhumano olusha ku-inthanethi ngokusebenzisa router usebenzisa i-Ethernet, Network abahlinzeki besevisi zisebenzisa ezikhethekile "amnyama" fibre. Phakathi izinzuzo ezinkulu ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe ihlukile, kubalulekile ukwaba esiphezulu isivinini kungenzeka futhi ibanga inethiwekhi - kuze kufinyelele km 100 ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma iyiphi ukuphinda noma ukuvuselelwa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uxhumano kwi-Inthanethi ngokusebenzisa i-router usebenzisa i-Ethernet, kuhilela komkhawulokudonsa engase angenamkhawulo, futhi lokhu kakhulu, zikhange kakhulu zezempilo.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zayo?

Gigabit Ethernet kuyinto kakhulu, ezifanele kakhulu, ngoba i ibhalansi cishe esiphelele ukusebenza intengo, emelela ukukhetha cishe ephelele backbone izicelo, hhayi kuphela kwezinye amanethiwekhi ethile yezinkampani, kodwa futhi ekwakheni wesevisi amanethiwekhi agcwele. isixazululo ngokwanele kuhle wiring ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esithile kuyinto multimode noma singlemode fibre, kanye pair nesisontekile, okuqondene esigabeni yesihlanu. Sikhanyisiwe ekuqaleni ukunikeza uxhumano kunethiwekhi nge-Ethernet amakhompyutha zendawo, kule nethiwekhi uyogcina ube omunye the ningi NEMPUMELELO NGAPHAKATHI, kodwa ikuvumela ukuba sifinyelele eliphezulu kakhulu idatha throughput, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa DSL, kanye modems ahlukahlukene engenawaya ikhebula .

izakhiwo ejwayelekile okuyinto esetshenziswa amanethiwekhi namuhla abahlinzeki, kuyinto ukuqaliswa lokuqala esigabeni 10 megabit noma 100 megabit-Ethernet-iziteshi, okwenziwa ezindaweni ehlukile noma ezindlini isakhiwo ethize, futhi uxhumeke kwi-ukukhonza isakhiwo nge inkinobho ethize kusukela Cisco catalyst. Ukuze uxhume ku-USB nge-Ethernet noma idolobha MAN amanethiwekhi, bakha Gigabit ngokugcwele noma multi-Gigabit Ethernet-uxhumano. Ukuhlanganiswa nesimiso ezahlukene zokuxhumana indandatho kaMasipala eyenziwa eyesithathu ezingeni inkinobho.

Isevisi abanikeza uzibophezele ekuhlinzekeni ukufinyelela broadband, anganikeza amakhasimende ayo nge uxhumano lwe-inthanethi, okuyinto oyokwenziwa ngqo nabasebenzisi ngabanye noma izinhlangano wonke amabhizinisi amancane. Ukunikeza wesevisi emzini, inkampani unganikela amasevisi amasha okuhlangene ne value added. Ukuze uqinisekise esiphezulu ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa ETTN inethiwekhi wesevisi kumele uqinisekise ukuthi umshayilucingo ukuchitha esiphezulu lemali okungenzeka isikhathi nemali kunethiwekhi yangaphakathi kunokuba wahlanganyela ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, ukufinyelela imithombo global.

Indlela ukuxhuma?

Ukuze sinikeze noxhumano lwe-Inthanethi ngokusebenzisa i-technology Ikhebula ye-Ethernet, kudingeka abe ikhadi inethiwekhi ozinikele, ikhebula, kanye ngqo inethiwekhi usetshenziselwe uxhumano. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amanethiwekhi ezahlukene lingasethwa ngesivinini ezahlukene, ngakho kufanele siqiniseke ukuthi ikhadi lakho inethiwekhi iyahambisana inethiwekhi lapho uxhumano luzokwenziwa.

imfundo

Ngokushesha kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi akekho ayelenzile uxhumano ngokusebenzisa Inthanethi efonini -Ethernet. Uxhumano kakhulu efanayo kanje:

1. Siya ku "Amadivaysi" ithebhu.
2. Chofoza inkinobho "Qala", okuyinto yamathuluzi.
3. Khetha kokukhethwa kukho okutholakalayo kithi "Ixhuma-Ethernet" (ongakhetha zitholakala kule "Connections"), bese uchofoza inkinobho "Okulandelayo".
4. Uma ikhadi lakho kakade ohlwini hardware ke esimweni esinjalo udinga ukhethe khona kusuka ohlwini ngaphansi uhlu lokuqukethwe "ikhadi-Ethernet". Uma kungenjalo kulolu hlu ke esimweni esinjalo udinga ukukhetha "-Ethernet Enye ikhadi" ukuze usebenzise imishini etholakalayo okudingayo. Ngokushesha kuyafaneleka yokuthi Umbuso indawo ukufakwa ngokuzimela ngokuphelele yiso esinquma ukuthi amadivayisi-Ethernet asekelwe exhunyiwe kuyo, ngakho-ke siphakamisa ukuthi ulungiselele nabo. Uma kulungiselelwa kwenziwe nguwe inqubo yokufaka, idivayisi ke kuzovezwa ku "I-Hardware" ithebhu ohlwini.
5. Uma okukhethwa kukho okuthi "ikhadi-Ethernet Okunye" likhethiwe, iwindi lizovela emva uhlu lokuqukethwe "Khetha i-adaptha". Kulesi ifasitela, uzodinga ukhethe nomkhiqizi kanye imodeli of ebhodini lakho futhi nje kakhulu igama zedivayisi. Uma ufaka ikhadi sokuqala salolu hlobo computer, kulesi simo, njengoba isihloko, ungakhetha eth0, le ke nje ishintshe inombolo ngekhadi omusha ngamunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo "Izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi" kuyokusiza ukuba futhi balungisa ngokucophelela izinsiza kwekhadi lakho inethiwekhi. Ngemva kokuphela zonke izinqubo, uchofoze "Okulandelayo".
6. Esikhathini "Lungiselela izilungiselelo Network" uzodinga benza isinqumo, phakathi static ikheli le-IP, futhi DHCP. Kuleso simo, uma idivayisi yakho ithola IP elehlukile-amakheli, ngaso sonke isikhathi uma uxhuma kunethiwekhi ukuze ucacise igama impi akudingekile. Nalapha uchofoze "Okulandelayo".
7. Manje uchofoze "Sebenzisa" zisebenzise i-Internet.

inothi

Manje ungakwazi ukwengeza ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi, ezifana yokuxhuma kwikhompyutha nge-Internet noma yimuphi omunye ukuthi okudingayo. Ngemva ungeza idivayisi, uyokwazi ukushintsha izilungiselelo umsebenzi wakhe - uyomane ukhetha idivaysi ohlwini okuholela, bese uchofoza "Hlela" zalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva ukungeza idivayisi ngokugcwele ngokuzenzakalelayo iqale ukusebenza qalisa isikhathi, kodwa uma ufuna ukushintsha lesi senzo imishini yakho, uzodinga iya kuzilungiselelo zalo futhi ushintshe ukubaluleka esigabeni "Yenza idivaysi isebenze uma ikhompyutha siqala." Kungenzeka futhi ukulungisa iphrinta nge uxhumano-Ethernet.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngemva kwalokho we divayisi ivuliwe, ukuze uyisebenzise, uzodinga ukhethe khona kusuka ohlwini, bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi "Vuselela". Uma uhlelo lwakho inikeza usuke othomathikhi uma uqala ikhompyutha, kulesi simo, awudingi ukuba angasiphindi lesi senzo.