Isakhiwo sezindela saseRdeisky: umlando, isithombe, ikheli kanye nokubuyekezwa kwezivakashi

Eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Novgorod esifundeni se-Novgorod, phakathi kwezwe elikhulu elinamathempeli, elihlala emanzini amakhulu angenakuphulukiswa, yi-Lake Rdeiskoye engaqondakali. Kuyathakazelisa ngokwayo, bathi amanzi ayo anethonya lokuphulukisa. Kodwa into emangalisayo kakhulu ukuthi itholakala ogwini lwayo. Ithempeli lasendulo, elihle kakhulu, naphezu kokuthi liye lashiywa isikhathi eside, kodwa lingakhohlwa. Indlu yezindela zaseRdeisky iyimfihlakalo yangempela yezwe laseRussia. Kungani kukhona ithempeli elikhulu kangaka lapha, kuleli hlane elingenakulinganiswa? Eqinisweni, namuhla wonke umuntu wesifunda akanayo abantu abangu-5000, futhi ekuqaleni kwedolobha laseHolm kanye nesifunda esiseduzane babhekwa njengabantu abacebile futhi banabantu abaningi, behlala izinkulungwane ezingamashumi eziningana zabantu.

Umlando omncane

Indlu yezindela zaseRdeisky yasungulwa ngo-1880, ngezimali ezabekwa nguMthengisi uMamontov. Ngalesi sikhathi kwakukhona isonto lezinkuni, lakhiwa kabusha futhi kwakhiwe izindlu ezintsha zezindela. Ezinye zezakhiwo zazenziwe ngamatshe, kanti ezinye zazenziwe ngamapulangwe. Yona kanye indawo lapho iNdlovukazi yaseRdeisky yasungulwa khona . Lena yindawo yangempela yamandla, okuyiningi eRussia, kukhona ukuhlangana kwamapuleti e-tectonic. I-Rudeye Lake yinye imfihlakalo. Uma ubheka emoyeni, yakha i-eight engalungile, uphawu lokungapheli. Itholakala enyakatho kuya eningizimu, amasongo amabili ahlukaniswe yizimboni ezimbili, futhi axhunyiwe yi-strait, cishe ngamamitha angu-200 ububanzi.

Kwakungelona lutho ukuthi lapha ithempeli lahlelwa khona. Ihlanzwa ngezinhlangothi ezintathu ngamanzi echibini, kanti eceleni kwesine lifihliwe emehlweni abanye ngesiphampo samanzi. Ngemuva kuka-1880, ezungeze i-monastery ivula ukwakhiwa. Ukwakhiwa kwebell, izinqolobane, izitezi, izindawo zokugcina kanye nodonga okwakhiwa. Kodwa izakhiwo zokhuni zishaywa phansi, futhi ngo-1898 kwakhiwa ukwakhiwa okukhulu kwezindwendwe zamatshe. Ukuqedela kwakunikwe amathayili asePoland naseMarble avela e-Italy. Umqhele wethempeli kwakuyi-iconostasis yemabula yemabula yaseVenetian, eyayisebukhosini bayo eMoscow. Ama-icons namafasitela angenamabala ayenziwe ngamasters eMoscow. Ithempeli lalimangalisayo ngobuhle balo. Ngo-1937 indlu yasezindlini zaseRdeisky ivaliwe futhi ayisasasebenza. Ngemuva kwempi, amadolobhana azungezile ayedlulile, ngokusobala, ngakho kwakungasetshenziselwa ukubuyisela

Izindlu ezazivame ukuba lapha

I-monastery yokuqala yasungulwa kule ndawo ngo-1666. Kuyo yonke indawo yobukhona bezindela, izimiso ezingokomoya nezindinganiso zahlanganiswa kuwo, lapho amasonto ayeza khona ukuzokhulekela. Ukuqaphela amarekhodi asendulo, kwagcinwa uphawu oluyisimangaliso lwe-Assumption ye-Virgin Mary, kanye nesithonjana se-Zosima no-Savvatiy Solovetsky. Bathi ukuphulukisa izakhiwo, kodwa kokubili lezi zithombe zalahleka ngesikhathi sokuphangwa kwezindela.

Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwabakhokhwa basebenzisa isiphambano se-altare isiliva lesiliva, umsebenzi oxoshwa, okhomba okhomba. Inani lalo likhuphuka kusukela ezingxenyeni ezifakiwe zezingcwele ezingcwele nezinye izinto ezingcwele, njengoba kuboniswe imibhalo. Ithempeliteli elithathu lesiphambano esiphambanisiwe yilifa lamasonto amathathu ayekhona kule sayithi. Zonke zenziwe ngokhuni linden. Imininingwane eminingi mayelana nalokhu itholakala ohlelweni "Ukunyatheliswa kweRussia". Isakhiwo sezindela saseRdeisky sinesithakazelo ngabenzi befilimu, futhi baqala uhambo olujabulisayo. Ababonanga kuphela indlela eya ethempelini, kodwa futhi nomhlobiso wayo wangaphakathi, kanye nobuhle bezindawo zendawo.

Indlu yezindela zaseRdeisky, indlela yokufika khona

Noma yimuphi umhlahlandlela uzokutshela ikheli lezindwendwe: Isifunda saseNovgorod, Isifunda saseKhomsmsky, iRdeisky State Nature Reserve. Kodwa ukufika lapha akulula. Lapho lezi zakhiwo zazizakhela imigwaqo yezinkuni, lapho ngisho namakhansela ayegibela khona. Namuhla baye baye ngokuphelele emathunjini, kukhona kuphela isiqondiso esingabonakala emoyeni. I-marsh enamanzi ihamba ngamakhilomitha amaningi, ihlanganisa indawo eyodwa nehafu eMoscow. Yiqiniso, kukhona okungafani okuthola emoyeni, kodwa kaningi abathandi bomlando waseRussia bakhetha ukuhamba.

Akukude nomgwaqo oyinhloko umuzi wePhakeme, manje oshiyiwe ngokuphelele. Ukusuka lapho, cishe amakhilomitha angu-16 ehamba ne-swamp engenakungenakwenzeka. Umuntu ongakulungele lokhu kuyindawo enonakalisayo, ngokusobala ngenxa yalokhu kunezinganekwane ukuthi akuzona zonke ezivumela i-monasteri yaseRdeisky. Indlela yokufinyelela kuyo, izakhamuzi zitshela ngokuzithandela, kodwa wonke umuntu uzoxwayisa ukuthi akunakwenzeka, ngoba le ndawo ingcwele.

Ukuhamba ngezokuthutha zendawo

Umzila oseduzane udlula amakhilomitha angu 12 ukusuka ethempelini. Kodwa lokhu akuvimbeli abathandi bokuqala namakholwa nje. Esikhathini esingaphandle, ngenkathi inhlanzi inzima kakhulu ukuhamba, ukuhamba okunjalo akukhuthazwa. Esikhathini sonke isikhathi kungcono ukushiya izithuthi zamasondo edolobheni bese uhamba emotweni yomhlaba wonke noma emkhunjini. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuthunyelwa ethempelini kuthunyelwa kusuka e-Hill, ngakho ungahamba nohambo nabo. Abendawo bazokutshela izindaba eziningi ezithakazelisayo ezihlobene nale ndawo. Akuwona wonke umuntu owazi kahle izindawo ezishisayo, kodwa labo abakhulile lapha bayakwazi ukuthola izindlela eziyimfihlo futhi bahambe emigwaqweni enzima kakhulu. Uma ukhuluma nabo, bayokutshela ukuthi phakathi nempi sonke isifunda sabhujiswa futhi sagcinwa amaJalimane, kuphela i-monasteri yaseRdeisky yahlala ingacacile. Umlando wamlondolozela inzalo eyayiphangwa ngokungenangqondo futhi namuhla iqhubeka nokubhubhisa ubuhle obudala. Bathi ukuze i-monasteri iveze izindawo zayo eziyisimangaliso, udinga ukuza ngezinyawo. Akuwona wonke umuntu oyokwazi ukunqoba le ndlela kusukela okokuqala, okusebenza njengesivivinyo samandla.

Mashi-uphonsa ngezinyawo

Sekuvele sekukhona ukuhamba okuningi okunjalo, izibonelo zingabonakala kulolu chungechunge lwezinhlelo ezivela kumjikelezo othi "Iplanethi Yami". Isakhiwo sezindela saseRdeisky sisakhathazeka izingqondo zabantu. Kungani i-cathedral enhle kangaka yakhiwe endaweni ekhohliwe nguNkulunkulu? Kodwa isikhathi sidlula, futhi indalo emangalisayo yezandla zomuntu yilapho ephansi kakhulu ekuhlaselweni kwemvelo. Nakuba izindonga zihlela kuphela amandla alawa ndawo, kuzoba khona ngaphandle kwazo.

Futhi, ngokubuka le mibhalo, sibona isiqiniseko sokuthi lesi sikhulu sezindlunkulu asivumelani ngokushesha abantu. Izidumbu ezingaphezu kwesisodwa zaphuma futhi zazungeza umfudumalo ongenamkhawulo, futhi azifinyelelanga ndawo. Kudingekile ukubuyela emzaneni bese uhamba ngendlela ende emotweni yomhlaba wonke, uma isikhathi sonyaka sivumela ukuthi senziwe. Kakade emnyango kufakazwa ukuthi le ndawo ayilula, futhi noma yimuphi umuntu uyakuqonda lokhu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani.

Lapha, ngaphakathi ethempelini, kukhona enye imfihlakalo. I-altare lanoma isiphi isonto lama-Orthodox liqondiswe empumalanga. Kodwa ngisho lo mthetho awusebenzi lapha. I-altare yalesi sikhungo sezindela sinamathela enyakatho noma enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Lokhu angeke kube yingozi, ngoba amasonto namasonto ayemi lapha kusukela esikhathini esidlule, omunye esikhundleni somunye. Futhi isikhathi ngasinye i-altare liphinda libuyele indawo yalo ngaphambili. Kungani, akekho owaziyo.

Umgwaqo wobusika

Lapho i-frost neqhwa zikhubaza izinambuzane, i-monasteri yaseRdeisky iyona elula ukuthola izimfihlo zayo. Ukufika kanjani ebusika, sizokutshela manje. Izinambuzane ezingenakwenzeka zingaba umzila okahle kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezithuthi zokuthutha. Isiqondiso sethrafikhi siyoba ithrekhi yasehlobo kusukela emotweni yombane yonke indawo, kulula kakhulu ukuhamba nayo, ngeke kudingeke ukuqoqa wonke ama-bumps. Kodwa uhambo ngalunye olunjalo lulimaza into ehlukile yezinto eziphilayo. Khumbula ukuthi inhlanzi emva kokuhamba kwemishini esindayo ibuyiselwe iminyaka eminingi, futhi iningi labavakashi nje alimshiyi ithuba. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuthatha ukuhamba okumangalisayo, manje izinyawo zakho ngeke ziwele emathunjini, futhi ungaya kumnandi kakhulu. Uma ehlobo lezi makhilomitha angu-16 cishe zingenakunqotshwa, khona-ke ebusika bangakwazi ukuhamba ngamahora amathathu. Okuhle kakhulu, uma ukhetha isikhathi sokuhamba ekwindla, lapho iqhwa selifake kahle imvula, kodwa kusekhona iqhwa elincane, futhi izihlahla zilondolozile amanye amahlamvu. Lesi sikhathi sonyaka sigcizelela isikhombiso sobuhle besonto lezindela elilahliwe.

Izinganekwane ezihlobene nale ndawo

Bavame ukukhuthaza abantu ukuthi bathathe lolu hambo. Izakhamuzi zendawo zixwayisa: akusizi ukuvakashela indlu yasezindlini zaseRdeisky ngenxa yelukuluku. Izinganekwane ziveza izindaba eziningi ngokulahlekelwa nokubuya ngokuyisimangaliso kwabantu abaphendukayo. Kungcono ukuhlangabezana nabahambeli abahamba ngolwazi ukuzwa umlando wezwe laseRussia nobuKristu. Uyojabula ukukhuluma ngokuphulukisa okuyisimangaliso okuye kwenzeka kubantu emva kokuvakashela lezi zindawo. Kodwa hhayi kuphela ukuphulukisa, kodwa futhi ukujezisa kungaba amandla angcwele. Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, wonke umuntu owabamba iqhaza ekubhujisweni kwezindela, ngisho nje ekhanda umbhalo obhalwe phansi odongeni, wayekulindele inhlekelele.

Ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi zendawo zizwela kakhulu endaweni yabo engcwele, futhi isikhathi ngasinye, bevakashela ithempeli, bashiya umnikelo wokubuyisela kwakhe. Bonke bathemba ukuthi ngelinye ilanga bazobuyisa ubukhulu be-Monasteri yaseRdeisky. Izinganekwane zifakazela ngokusindiswa okuyisimangaliso kwethempeli phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Wahlupheka, wahlala engenakho insimbi, kodwa waqina, njengokungathi amandla angenakugwenywa ayemvikela . Kodwa lapha izimpi zalwa ukufanisa izimpi zaseStalingrad. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zempi, amaJalimane alwela zonke izingxenye zalesi sithando somlilo. Futhi ngisho nanamuhla i-Monastère yaseRdeisky ayikho engcono kakhulu. Isithombe sizokukhumbuza indawo engavamile elele isikhathi esingaphezulu nesikhala. Kungokwamandla aphezulu.

Kungani kufanele ngize lapha

Ngempela, izivakashi eziningi zifuna ukubuza lo mbuzo. Ngomhambi ocabangelayo, ukuvakashela endaweni enjalo kungashukumisela ushintsho olujulile, kodwa labo abaza ukuthola ukuqala kwabo odongeni kunzima ukukuqonda. Le ndawo ibhekwa njengendawo yamasonto, futhi ukuhlonishwa okunikezwayo kufanele kube okufanelekile.

Lapha baphila amakholi, okwathi ukuqala kokuphila okusha kwakuyizindela zeRdeisky. Umgwaqo oya ethempelini kubo ukufaniswa komendo wabo kuNkulunkulu. Naphezu kwesimo samanje sethempeli, akashiyi ithemba lokulibuyisela. Imizamo yabo yakha i-iconostasis encane, lapho ungafaka khona ikhandlela. Muva nje, amasevisi aqale lapha.

Isimo samanje sezindela

Namuhla ithempeli lisenhle, kodwa ngokuza kuseduze, ubona ukuthi lihle kangakanani. Eqinisweni, lokhu sekuvele kube yincithakalo ngezingcezu zodonga lwamatshe. Kukhona futhi amathuna amasonto anezimpande ze-cast-iron. Lapho i-monastery emhlophe, i-marble-cloistered clostered yaba cishe ebomvu, izitini. Ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zodonga zisalondolozwa izakhi zomdwebo, kodwa indlu isesimweni esibuhlungu. Zinezimbobo ezinkulu, ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kukhishiwe, futhi izihlahla zikhula phezu kophahla. Imidwebo yokugcina kanye nezinsalela ze-iconostasis yemabula zibhujiswa futhi zithathwe abavakashi.

Misa e-Hill

Ngokuqinisekile, ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, uye wanquma ngokuqinile ukuvakashela i-Monastery yaseRdea. Umgwaqo oya ethempelini ungaba ngawe ngokuphulukiswa kwangempela kanye noshintsho. Njengoba izakhamuzi zithi, ukuze ufike kuso, awudingi imephu. Uma kunesidingo, khona-ke wena ngokwakho uzokuholela endaweni. Ukuze uqale ukukhanya okuhambayo, ungakwazi ukuqasha igumbi noma ikamelo ehhotela le-Hill. Endleleni ebuyela emuva, izonikeza ithuba lokushintsha izingubo, ugeze futhi uhambe ekhaya. Idolobha lilahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwalo futhi namuhla alimele isithakazelo kubavakashi.

Ukubuyekeza

Izivakashi zikhomba ukuthi i-Monastère yaseRdeisky ingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa emhlabeni ezinikezwe amandla anjalo. Abaningi bakhuluma ngokuphulukisa kwabo kanye nezinguquko empilweni. Bonke abahamba ngezinyawo bayavuma ukuthi leli yindawo engcwele, kuyohlala njalo ngisho nalapho ithempeli lamanje lihlakazeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Abahambi abanolwazi bathi ngenkathi ephila, kubalulekile ukuvakashela lapha, ukuzwa umoya wendawo futhi uzizwe ukuphelelwa yinto ephakeme kakhulu futhi ephakeme kunathi. Njengoba ngifakile lapha, ngifuna ukukholelwa ukuthi inani elikhulu labahambi, abaya njalo kulezi zindawo minyaka yonke, lizoba yisiteji esisha empilweni yezindela.