Isakhiwo kanye umqondo yomthetho lobugebengu we Russian Federation

Omunye amagatsha ehola komthetho kunoma iliphi izwe kuyinto umthetho lobugebengu. Onke amalungiselelo zalo systematized, eyabekwa futhi kubonakala e Criminal Code. Okulandelayo sibheka umqondo, yemigomo komthetho ophathelene nokwelelesa, ubunjalo nemisebenzi yayo, kanye imibuzo lokulukhuni. Ukuze aveze ukubaluleka daba, kwanele ukusho ukuthi komthombo imithetho umthetho lobugebengu kanye kuphela ngesisekelo umuntu zingatholakala enecala ukwenza isenzo lobugebengu (yokwenza noma yokungenzi okuthile) kanye kuncike isijeziso.

Umqondo ophathelene nokwelelesa

Ngaphambi kokunikeza incazelo enjalo, kubalulekile ukuthola eside ecashile. Uyini umthetho? Izincazelo zingatholakala eziningi, kodwa zonke ubilise phansi izingxenye ezintathu: kwelifa loonyana amandla zomthetho ophakeme, iziqondiso futhi wamukele isimo kuphela ezimele. Kulesi sisekelo, kungenzeka ukunikeza incazelo ephelele. Umthetho kuyisenzo isiShayamthetho, ezithathwe umyalelo othize, lapho kunamandla aphakeme zomthetho, ogama njongo - lokulawula ubudlelwano ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi lichaza emmangweni.

Concept futhi izici yomthetho lobugebengu zifana. Kodwa abe umkhakha imininingwane ethile. imithetho yayo ukusungula izimiso eziyisisekelo, sinikeze ukuzimisela ngokuqondene nalokho angase izenzo yisono, ukusungula izinhlawulo for labo bophezela them.

Noma yimuphi umthetho iyathinteka futhi lesi sigelekeqe ngohlaka lomthetho - kuyinto uMthethosisekelo wezwe.

izimiso eziyisisekelo

Ngokomthetho lobugebengu (Article 3-7) kuchazwa izimiso ezinhlanu eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, umthetho. Ubugebengu izenzo ezithile noma ukungenzi elinesijeziso nemiphumela (umthetho lobugebengu) zinqunywa kuphela Criminal Code, ukusetshenziswa Isifaniso akwamukeleki. Okwesibili, nokulingana ngokuphelele zonke izakhamuzi phambi komthetho, kungakhathaliseki ubulili, ubudala, ubuzwe, inkolo, isimo sabo emphakathini, nokunye. D. Engingakusho nje kokukhumbula Themis (unkulunkulukazi ubulungiswa we izinganekwane lasendulo yaseGrisi), omehlo akho kufihlwe patch elifanekisela sokungakhethi. Okwesithathu, umqondo kanye ukubaluleka umthetho lobugebengu njalo exhumene ne nesimiso sobulungisa. Ziyisijeziso noma ezinye izindlela uhlamvu lobugebengu-zomthetho kufanele ngokulingana ukoniwa. Okwesine, isimiso wecala. Ngaphandle kwayo, njengoba sazi, akukho ubugebengu, kungekho isijeziso. Umuntu kungenziwa aphethwe nesibopho kuphela ngezenzo namkha okuyiwona ngokungananazi proven icala. Okwesihlanu, esintwini. Umthetho lobugebengu senzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabantu, futhi noma kunjalo akudingeki ukubathobisa noma zibangele ukuhlupheka ngokomzimba.

Izimiso - akusiyo nje umqondo ophathelene nokwelelesa, osekelwe kuyo, ngokuhambisana okuyinto isitatimende yezinhloso: kuvikeleke amalungelo nenkululeko yomuntu isakhamuzi, oda zomthethosisekelo, komphakathi kanye nokuphepha, impahla, njll (Criminal Code Isigaba 2) ...

Isakhiwo umthetho lobugebengu

uhlelo kaZwelonke umthetho lobugebengu kuyinto esibukweni isithombe Criminal Code yezingxenye Russian. Kuyinto esisodwa, phezu esimelela umthetho lobugebengu. Umqondo futhi isakhiwo njalo kubhekwa ndawonye. Ngokwesiko, yonke imithombo we Criminal Code ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu: jikelele futhi ekhethekile. Nazo ngokufanayo, zihlukaniswe izingxenye, izahluko anamagama okuhambisanayo. Ukuze yodaba olucutshungulwayo yayiqondakala ngaphezulu ngokwanele eyolanda version iphepha Criminal Code, noma usivule omunye inkomba kanye ezomthetho. Zahluko zihlukaniswe izihloko nge nenombolo ye-serial kanye icala igama, okuyinto yena, kakhulu kulula ukusebenza idokhumenti futhi uthole ulwazi. I izinombolo futhi unikezwa kule ncwadi kule ncwadi yanoma yimuphi izenzo ngazinye lobugebengu nature kwezomthetho zifakwe Criminal Code.

izigaba eziyisithupha, izahluko 15 no-102 izihloko kuhlanganisa ingqikithi yomthetho lobugebengu. Umqondo kanye nesakhiwo umthetho lobugebengu libanakekele ekhethekile. I ekhethekile okuyingxenye iqukethe ngokufanayo, izahluko 19 kuhlanganiswe saba izingxenye eziyisithupha futhi 271 izihloko.

Umbono, isimo imvume - zonke izakhi isakhi umthetho, okungamazwe ebekiwe isakhiwo mithathu. Zonke izingxenye, esikhundleni salokho, kufanele izinhlobo kanye ngezigaba ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Futhi kuhluke kuncike izici noma izesekeli General Ingxenye Criminal Code.

Hypothesis: umqondo nezinhlobo

Ngaphansi umbono kufanele kuvisiswe ngemibandela ethile, phezu okuvela ngazo ziyabophelela imithetho yokuziphatha enshrining umthetho. Le ngxenye kuyinsakavukela zomthetho kubhekisela ezimweni ezithile ekuphileni, khona lapho odlulela bemidlalo ubuhlobo nomunye. Umbono kungaba lelula nobe lelukhuni. Esimweni sokuqala wabonisa isimo esisodwa kuphela ezidingekile ukuqaliswa namazinga, kanye yesibili kukhona eziningana. hypothesis Complicated yena, zihlukaniswe ezuziwe ne okunye. The kungenzeka sokuqala khona izimo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kuvele hypothesis okunye inkinga kwezinhlelo iziqondiso kungancika ekutholakaleni ingesinye sezici ezimbalwa. Kukhona ngezigaba ngokusho degree of nobunzima. Ngokuqondene nalokhu kukhona eyohlobo, esiyinhlanganisela, okunye futhi kanzima okunye imicabango umthetho.

Onesimo: umqondo nezinhlobo

Njengengxenye 'nesimo "ibonisa izici subjective futhi inhloso ukuthi zikhona ingozi emphakathini isenzo. Lo msuka umqondo ophathelene nokwelelesa kukhona "umongo" ukubuswa umthetho, ngoba zavela imithetho yokuziphatha tesifundvo. Kuye mode kokwethula isimo sengqondo kungaba elula noma okuchazayo. Esimweni sokuqala okuhlukile ukuziphatha komuntu, kodwa engakaze wakwambula, isibonelo, Art. 128 h. 1 CC RF. Esimeni sesibili, zonke izici ezibalulekile ezichazwe (v. 209 h. 1 no t. D.). Kuye ngezinga qiniseko kanye nesimo dispositions baqiniseka futhi kuqhathaniswa ezithile. Eyokuqala oluphelele isethi yemfanelo nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho (amaqembu) ubudlelwane. Ngenkathi yokugcina anelungelo athathe isinyathelo. Kuye ukubunjwa dispositions ukuhlukanisa okulula, okulukhuni kanye nehlukile.

Imvume: umqondo nezinhlobo

Umqondo umthetho lobugebengu we Russian Federation futhi element isakhi kuyinsakavukela "ukugunyazwa" kusho ukuma nosayizi ngesijeziso amacala athile. Zingaba lelula nobe lelukhuni. Esimweni sokuqala siqukethe eyodwa isigwebo, kanti eyesibili - ambalwa. unswinyo eyindida zihlukaniswe ezuziwe esihlanganisayo imisho eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa (isibonelo, ukugqunywa ejele kanye kwezincwadi impahla), kanye nehlukile (ukuxoshwa noma isigwebo). Kuye:

• ubunjalo Kungadala: emihle nemibi;
• degree qiniseko: unswinyo eliphelele, eliqukethe inkomba eqondile (. isibonelo, ahlawuliswe ama-ruble ayizigidi 30), kanye isihlobo - kuphela uma ubeka imingcele yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi, noma okungenani omunye wabo;
• ubunjalo ukungenelela komphakathi: ingajezisa, pravovosstanovitelnye, isixwayiso.

umthetho Criminal: isenzo emkhathini, isikhathi kanye nenani abantu

Ukuletha ukuba necala lobugebengu ngaphansi Criminal Code of the Russian Federation uyakuba necala bonke abantu abaye bahileleka endaweni yezwe (isethwe nguMthethosisekelo kanye noMthetho "On the State Border we Russian Federation"). Ubugebengu (ingozi zomphakathi) isenzo kanye punishability yayo ichaza umthetho lobugebengu (umqondo nezinhlobo okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla) e amandla ngesikhathi ngenkathi lenzeka. Okungukuthi, kule nkathi yesikhathi wayesezobashiya sesingasebenza (izinsuku ezingu-10 ngemva kokuba ishicilelwe noma ngesikhathi esithile) kodwa ke akaphelelwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi yasekhaya umthetho lobugebengu retroactivity esingokwemvelo. Okungukuthi, uma isikhundla yamukelwa ekuqedeni ubugebengu noma isijeziso sakhe ukuze unciphise unswinyo noma ukuthuthukisa isikhundla umuntu owenze, zisebenza kunoma izenzo ezenziwa ngaphambi ukwamukelwa kwabo.

Umqondo incazelo yomthetho lobugebengu

Ukwandisa izinga kusemthethweni, oluqinisayo yayo, Ukuvikelwa amalungelo abantu, izithakazelo umphakathi kanye nesimo zidinga ukuthi inhloko yawo imithetho Kwasetshenziswa ngendlela lefanele. Lokhu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukuqonda isimo setepolitiki kuleli zwe, okushiwo isenzo, izimo ezibangele isidingo ukutholwa izinhloso zayo.

Ngaphansi incazelo elivame ukuqondwa ngayo njengoba ukusungulwa nokuqukethwe kwalo, ukuhlonza kanye elucidation lichaza ukuthini, ngokunikeza umfundi izincazelo mayelana nemigomo esetshenziswa sivumele isishaya-mthetho. Ukhuthaza isicelo iyunifomu izindinganiso, kwamaphutha lesifanele. Ngakho, umqondo kanye nezinhlobo nokuchazwa komthetho lobugebengu zibaluleke esisebenzayo.

Ukwahlukanisa Izikhonzi (esemthethweni)

It wenziwa, okuya ngokuthi yikuphi umzimba kwenziwa ukuhumusha yomthetho, okuyinto futhi ichaza ukuzinikela kwayo.

1. incazelo eyiqiniso. Kuqhamuka isitho ukuthi bamukela isenzo zomthetho. amandla Idatha athweswe kuphela Federal Assembly. ukucaciseleka okunjalo ubopha sonke kwezakhamizi kanye iziphathimandla zomphakathi.
2. Incazelo lomthetho okwenziwa ngokugunyazwa umphakathi ukuthi ugunyaza umthetho (State Duma). Ukusebenzisa kwakhe esiyisibopho umbuthano abakhawulelwe abasebenzisa umthetho maqondana nalapho incazelo wanikezwa.
3. incazelo Okuvamile. Unikelwe zonke izitho zomzimba lwebulungisa ngokusebenzisa umthetho oqondile ukuze kuhlolwe icala lobugebengu (e t akhe. H. Kufaka isinqumo Plenum Sun, SAC).

Concept futhi izinhlobo incazelo yomthetho lobugebengu okungenhla kusebenza imithombo ezisemthethweni.

Ukwahlukanisa sifundvo (nalengakahleleki)

1. Nezimfundiso - ke oluphethwe abasebenzi yesayensi abameli abaqeqeshiwe izincwadi, zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele, izihloko zesayensi kanye imibono kwi umthetho. Futhi ngisho noma ingenayo amandla yokubopha izimvu, kodwa kunomthelela ukuqonda efanele kanye nesicelo ku umkhuba isenzo esisemthethweni.
2. Professional - ukunikeza abameli bayo maqondana nezindaba ezinhlobonhlobo eziphathelene nesicelo practice umthetho lobugebengu. Akukhona esibophezelayo futhi ayinaso amandla ngokomthetho.
3. Everyday - ke inikezwa evamile ezingeni kwansuku e kunanoma yimuphi kubahlanganyeli non-professional ubudlelwane zomthetho.

Ukwahlukanisa indlela

Umqondo ophathelene nokwelelesa kuhlobene kanjani Kwenziwa ukuhumusha. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa njengesisekelo ukuthatha ngendlela kukhona reception, abasebenza ngazo kulo kwenziwe.

1. incazelo yohlelo lokubhala kusho ukucaciseleka okuqukethwe kanye nencazelo ngokusebenzisa ukuliqonda ngokunembile A magama kanye namatemu. Liphathwa miyalelo, luhlelo lwelulwimi kanye nemisebenti ohlangothini etymological.
2. incazelo izinhlelo wenziwa ngokufanisa yimuphi umthetho lobugebengu nabanye, emisa endaweni yalo ohlelweni jikelele, ukurhunyezwa bakwamanye, nokuqukethwe okuhlobene.
3. incazelo zomlando. Inhloso yayo ukuthola izizathu kanye nezimo lapho zisenza sibe ukwamukelwa alo mthetho, kanye ngokubeka izinhloso zayo kanye ngokuziqhathanisa analogue pre-ekhona.

Ukwahlukanisa by volume

Ububanzi ezathathwa njengoba umbandela, okuyinto kuwele ngaphansi yomthetho yokutholwa. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu:

• incazelo Eqine. Lapho-ke isenzo zomthetho nezokulawula enamathiselwe value engebanzi uma ziqhathaniswa umbhalo wayo ongokoqobo.
• A incazelo ebanzi. Kulokhu, lesi simo okuphambene: umqondo (umthetho lobugebengu, umthetho lobugebengu) ozuza kunencazelo ebanzi kunaleyo eshiwo embhalweni.
• A incazelo engokoqobo. It kusikisela i ngqo umdlalo okushiwo umbhalo futhi umkhuba luvame kakhulu.