Indlela yokwenza ikhamera pinhole ngezandla zakhe: ukuphila ezimbili enemininingwane nokugenca

ikhamera Pinhole, ikhamera pinhole - eyaziwa kungani kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka isintu prototype ikhamera. Kulesi sihloko, asikwazi kuphela sihlolisise umlando walo isimiso isinyathelo, kodwa futhi sibheke indlela yokwenza ikhamera pinhole ngezandla aphume edayisa izinto ngezindlela eziningana.

Uyini obscura ikhamera

I obscura ikhamera (ikhamera Latin -. "Igumbi", obscura - "mnyama, amnyama") - elingeyona inkimbinkimbi optical, ikhamera sibonelo. Kungenzeka ibhokisi noma esifubeni, ngesikhathi esisodwa udonga okuyinto usike glazok- imbobo encane, futhi enye esikhundleni isikrini tensioned yezinto ezibonakalayo. angenisa ukukhanya, futhi ikamelo emnyama efanayo iso amancane esibukweni.

Enye igama kule divayisi - Ikhamera Pinhole (isiNgisi ikhamera pinhole -. "Chamber kokuba umgodi").

Isimiso ezisebenza we obscura ikhamera

Ngaphambi kokwenza ikhamera pinhole ngezandla zakhe, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Umsebenzi wakhe kusekelwe esikoleni owaziwa nge umthetho esiphelweni rectilinear imisebe yokukhanya. Ngokusebenzisa imbobo-iso yekhamera sihamba sebuningini ewumngcingo ukukhanya imishayo. Ngamunye wabo amaqabunga okuphambene odongeni screen ukukhanya endaweni alinganayo ngobukhulu esesicabheni. izilongotshane okunjalo kusukela imishayo amaningi kuyendlulela nomunye phezu kwesikrini pinhole ikhamera, ngaleyo ndlela ku-ke i-optical umfanekiso-ikhophi into noma pan elise phambi lolu hlobo kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita.

Iso lomuntu nekhamera pinhole

ikhamera Pinhole, ngasendleleni, efana isimiso wesenzo ehlweni lomuntu - isithombe esikrinini yayo futhi uthola ngembobo encane, futhi esiphendula esibhekisa phansi. Lokhu kwenzeka kusukela lokuthi ukukhanya ingena emehlweni, futhi umshini engela - imisebe kubonakala kusukela phezulu izinto ezikhomba phansi nemisebe khomba izinto hlabathi, iqondiswe phezulu. bewela ngaphakathi ekamelweni, ukuze umfanekiso esikrinini ikhamera uphendulela esiphendula esibhekisa phansi. Emzimbeni wethu isithombe sikhundla lengiyo ibuyisela ubuchopho, futhi ikhamera - esibukweni.

History of the ikhamera pinhole

Indlela yokwenza ikhamera pinhole ngezandla zakhe, umcabango, futhi okhokho bethu - okokuqala lesi simanga uyayibona Aristotle ngokuphathelene IV leminyaka. BC

I edume uLeonardo da Vinci owokuqala owachaza lesi algorithm kanye indlela umsebenzi walo. indlela yakhe lisetshenziswe Ephakathi, abaculi - the obscura ikhamera kwawasiza ukuba izithombe-amakhophi izinto ezithile.

Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungenza kanjani izandla zabo siqu obscura ikhamera in a ngaphezulu "eziphambili" inguqulo, Ososayensi babecabanga ukuthi kamuva. Ngo-1568 isimiso ikhamera pinhole ithuthukisiwe - umsunguli Venetian De Barbaro indawo kwesikrini Plano-convex lens. Lokhu emisha ngcono kakhulu ukuzwakala kanye saturation isithombe. Idivayisi wabizwa ngokuthi pinhole ikhamera-ikhamera. Sekuvele itshe engenile ikhamera yesimanje.

Indlela yokwenza ikhamera pinhole kusukela ebhokisini ngezandla

Ukuze womshini ikhamera ayo pinhole kuyodingeka:

• amakhadibhodi ibhokisi kusukela ngaphansi itiye noma ijusi;
• mncane iphepha ayevumela - esikhumba esithambile ephelele noma isikhumba;
• sikelo;
• glue;
• Scotch.

Ngakho, indlela yokwenza ikhamera pinhole kusukela ebhokisini ngezandla kusukela itiye, ujusi nokunye njll..:

1. Sika efasiteleni encane izindonga ibhokisi.
2. Ngokusebenzisa anamathelayo noma ngethephu enamathelayo, ukumboza ucezu kuvulwa iphepha efanelekayo, ukuyivala ikusasa isikrini ekamelweni.
3. Phakathi odongeni okuphambene wenze ubukhulu imbobo ezingekho ngaphezu 1 mm. Wasebenzise kahle amathuba ezingxoxo le inaliti, pin, iphini.

Yilokho sonke isiyalo ekutshela indlela yokwenza ikhamera pinhole kusukela ebhokisini ngezandla zabo. Sebenzisa okusungulile egumbini mnyama - ukhombe ngesikhathi egqamile futhi eqhathanisa umthombo wokukhanya - ezifana ikhandlela esivuthayo. nomfanekiso waso nabokhulumile kumele zivele esikrinini ephepheni.

Indlela yokwenza ikhamera pinhole ngezandla zakhe: ikhamera

Kulesi ukuphila nokugenca sixoxa kudalwa uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa futhi mnandi ikhamera pinhole, ngawo ungathola izithombe zangempela. Ukuze uqale, ukubutha izinto ezidingekayo:

• Aluminium embizeni;
• isiqeshana plastic;
• Ibhokisi likamentshisi;
• 2 "umgqomo" befilimu;
• 35 mm ifilimu uqobo;
• black upende, ibhulashi;
• zokubhala ummese;
• kagetsi;
• inaliti;
• sikelo;
• umugqa;
• ipensela.

Indlela yokwenza ikhamera pinhole ngezandla zakhe, funda ku:

1. Sika ewindini emaqaqasini ebhokisini. Kunconywe lingakanani - 36h24 mm. emaphethelweni ayo akwazi kokubili ushiye ngobudedengu idabukile (kuyokunikeza umphumela engavamile isibhamu esizayo), kanye ukubuyisana sawing noma ummese zokubhala.
2. Ingaphakathi ibhokisi ukupenda ngokuphelele ngesigqabo esimnyama. Sebenzisa matte kunokuba imibala ecwebezelayo.
3. Thatha ucezu plastic, lola ekupheleni kwaso. Namathela "umgqomo" iteyipu, njengoba esithombeni, futhi abukhali ithiphu, hook ukuvulwa ifilimu, ngaphambili ufakwa esitsheni. Lapho rewinding bayolizwa ukuchofoza - ukwakha uhlaka olusha ku isidingo ukupheqa ngokusebenzisa ifilimu 8-9 ukuchofoza.
4. Buyela ngaphandle kwebhokisi - ngokuqinile phakathi, wasika mm isikwele 8x5.
5. Aluminiyamu usike isikwele 15x15 mm. Phakathi, benze imbobo yenaliti - ezincane kuba, ngcono.
6. Manje ukupenda ngesigqabo esimnyama walungisa engxenyeni engaphandle kwebhokisi aluminium ibhokisi.
7. Namatsisela aluminium ingxenye engxenyeni engaphandle ye-tape ibhokisi esesicabheni.
8. Yenza yesivalo - usike ucezu amakhadibhodi, ukulilandela emgodini "lens", anamathele 'kamelo ". Thatha strip amakhadibhodi 10h30 mm, udayi omnyama ngokugcwele kuyo, ufaka lo ngokurhaba kudivayisi yesivalo njengesibonelo.
9. Ukuhlehlisa ifilimu ngaphakathi "izimbobo" ukwenza isibambo ezinjalo amakhadibhodi tape.
10. Indlela yokwenza ikhamera pinhole aphume amakhadibhodi ngezandla zabo? Lapha, ekugcineni, kanye Iphuzu lokugcina. Faka ifilimu phakathi engxenyeni engaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi kwesikrini imbobo-Ibhokisi likamentshisi. Ukusebenzisa ifilimu akusho ukukhuluma, kungase kufakwe i-kolunye uhlangothi yesibili ikhamera "umgqomo" ngoba emazombezombe yayo. Ngokuphephile ukubophela zonke izingxenye nge tape.

Ngakho adiliza ngezindlela ezimbili, ekutshela indlela yokwenza ikhamera pinhole ngezandla zakhe. Lesi sakamuva kungcono ngokudubula usebenzisa tripod kanye yesivalo zingavuiwa ubude besikhathi - sezulu libalele ngoba 6 imizuzwana, e esinamafu - imizuzwana 7-8.