Imali ukunikezela lokubolekwa yemali

Imali ukunikezela lokubolekwa yemali - imiqondo le basuke esihlobene futhi bancike komunye nomunye.

Supply imali iqoqo ukukhokhelwa, ukuthenga kanye izimali zanqwabelana okuqondene abantu ngokomzimba futhi zomthetho kanye nempahla isimo, ehilelekile ubudlelwane kwezomnotho inqubo isevisi. Imali ukunikezela ephawula ukuhanjiswa kwemali ngokuya ubuningi.

Ngaphansi isisindo imali nokuqonda ukheshi kanye non-cash imali. Ngokusho isakhiwo, ihlukaniswe yaba asebenzayo (leyo mali ukuthi ukuphathwa service) futhi ingxenye yokwenziwa (inqwaba namabhalansi asebhange ukuthi kukhona isiphetho ezingaba kusho).

Sisindvo imali akulula futhi asishayisani ne imali. Eqinisweni, isabelo cash imali akuyona omkhulu kangaka, ngoba wonke amanxusa kwezomnotho ukwenza amadili nomunye ngesisekelo non-cash izinkokhelo ngokusebenzisa akhawunti asebhange.

Izinga yentuthuko yezwe inquma ukuzinza lwemali kanye share cash imali ingqikithi. Ngokwesibonelo, e-US, lesi sibalo ingeqi 5-10%, kanye CIS amazwe - 30%. Lapho imali nenqwaba ingqikithi yonke imali yezwe, kancane nezimo uhlelo yemali kakhulu. Imali ukunikezela lokubolekwa yemali ube isilinganiso esifanelekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza evamile ohlelweni lezimali.

Njengengxenye nenqwaba imali kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezifana engasetshenziswa hhayi ngqo njengoba inkokhelo namanxusa ukuthenga. Lokhu kusho esinqunyiwe eside ama-akhawunti, imali, ukonga imali, ukwabelana, njll Zibizwa ngokuthi "athi imali" (kusukela Latin. "Cishe"). Le ngxenye imali jikelele imali kwegazi limelela ingxenye enkulu kakhulu futhi onohlonze.

Isakhiwo nenqwaba imali futhi ngezithako zawo kushintsha njalo. Ngezinye zokukhula ezihlukene lezimpahla exchange kanye nobudlelwane lokukhokha, kwakuhlukile. Lapho igolide ukuzungeza ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule isakhiwo nenqwaba imali emazweni athuthukile kwaba cishe ngendlela elandelayo: 40% babe zemali zegolide, 40% of the imali yamaphepha, 10% we-akhawunti ezilinganisweni izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba credit izikhungo. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kwempi yezwe yokuqala, lezi zibalo zishintshile ngokufanele kanje: 15%, 22%, 67%.

Ukuze ukuhlaziywa lokungena nokuphuma kwemali kanye nezinguquko kule nqubo phezu esikhathini esinikeziwe usebenzisa supply imali futhi lokubolekwa malini ezigabeni ezahlukene.

lokubolekwa Monetary - ngezinga elithile inani lemali noma zezimali amafa, zazo nenani imali.

Imali ukunikezela lokubolekwa yemali kulo mqondo, abizwa kwahlanganiswa. Ngakho ngokuthi lokubolekwa kuthiwa wangenela isakhiwo phezulu lapho unit ngayinye okwalandela izobandakanya nasesikhathini esedlule. sibalo ngasinye okwalandela kulokhu kuhlanganisa izimpahla ngaphansi ketshezi. Basuke obonakaliswe imiqondo ezifana lokubolekwa yemali M1 m2 M3, M4 futhi M0.

M0 -nalichnye zemali in kwegazi (zemali, ibhange amanothi, yengcebo amanothi).

Ml iyunithi kuhlanganisa M0 futhi kusho ama-akhawunti zamanje ezisetshenziswa cashless izinkokhelo.

M2 ezihlanganisiwe yakhiwa Ml kanye imali emabhange commercial, yesikhathi esifushane ukuvikeleka kwamasheya uhlamvu yomphakathi, okungaba ukheshe noma akhawunti kokuhlola.

MH iyunithi kuhlanganisa M2 nokonga ezifakwa nge credit izikhungo nemali emakethe izibambiso.

M4 iyunithi kuhlanganisa M3 kanye imali nge credit izikhungo.

lokubolekwa Monetary eRussia sokubalwa yemali ukusebenzisa oda elandelayo: ke M0, Ml, i-M2, futhi Ministry of Health. Ukuze supply imali Russia elinesimo Ingxenye okusezingeni eliphezulu yemali, futhi lokhu kuthambekela akahambi ukuya ukwehla. Imali ukunikezela lokubolekwa yemali eRussia ukuthuthukiswa eside kohlelo lemali kufanele ukuhambisa ifakwe isisindo xaxa non-cash izinkokhelo.